1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 212 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the burden children are
2、 facing. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.An invention made by architects and engineers.B.A new device gathering information about buildings.C.An introduction of a three-di
3、mensional model.D.New ways of building structures.A.The accurate shape of rooms in the building.B.The size and position of heating and cooling equipment.C.The size and position of windows and doors.D.The placement of electrical outlets.A.Kids should spend more time outdoors.B.Kids all like trees and
4、 flowers.C.Kids may learn better in green nature.D.Kids should learn to protect nature.A.They can distract a childs attention.B.They are easy to be accepted.C.They can hurt a childs health.D.They will affect a childs schooling.A.Permanent loss of eyesight of pilots.B.Loss of consciousness of passeng
5、ers.C.Tragic results of air accidents.D.Blackouts of jet fighter pilots.A.When the airplane slows down very quickly.B.When the airplane is making a sharp turn.C.When the pilots have a heart disease.D.When the pilots lose consciousness.A.It is required by the laws and the government.B.The air pressur
6、e is rather low above the Earths surface.C.The passengers will lose consciousness in the planes.D.Lack of oxygen can affect anyone at extreme heights.5.Section B_A.Brentwood in America.B.London.C.Essex in England.D.Scotland.A.It is a small town next to London.B.It has a large population.C.It is in t
7、he southeast of Scotland.D.It is a poor city.A.Its a relatively small town.B.The people living there are very rich.C.Houses are scarce there.D.Its close to London.A.The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there.B.The man thinks highly of the recreation there.C.All kinds of recreations are ava
8、ilable there.D.The man thinks little of the recreation there.A.He worked in a painting store.B.He worked in a printing factory.C.He worked in a gas stand.D.He worked in a bookstore.A.To print the TV guides.B.To edit the TV guides.C.To sell the TV guides.D.To prepare the TV guides for distribution.A.
9、High pay and short work hours.B.Friendly environment and teamwork spirit.C.Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience.D.Good friends he made in the factory.A.Delightful.B.Meaningless.C.Terrible.D.Cruel.6.Section C_A.Take a nap for 15 to 30 minutes.B.Use a combination of nap and caffeine.C.Have a cup
10、 of coffee three times a day.D.Do exercise when feeling tired.A.About 13% .B.About 15% .C.About 30% .D.About 50% .A.Professional athletes.B.Amateur athletes.C.People who often travel.D.People who often lack sleep.A.To reduce the costs of waste.B.To keep the airport clean and tidy.C.To shorten the ti
11、me of dealing with trash.D.To remind the passenger to produce less trash.A.They want to reduce costs.B.Students there never waste food.C.They want to reduce food waste.D.The university wants to buy software instead.A.To lower the costs of hauling food waste.B.To save more food for the world.C.To kee
12、p the dining room clean.D.To reduce the efforts of cooking.A.It can store measures of how to save food.B.It can calculate the total amount of food offered.C.It can help people realize the value of wasted food.D.It can connect the food needed with the number of customers.A.Some people are treated unf
13、airly.B.Some people buy things they do not want.C.There are many superiors around us.D.Some people do not think highly enough of themselves.A.To talk with Dr. Alberti.B.To go to see a superior.C.To take AT courses.D.To speak out for themselves.A.Attending Dr. Albertis lecture.B.Sharing ones feeling
14、with others.C.Talking with a superior.D.Chatting with other people.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_So-called “green roofs“urban rooftops covered with grasses, plants and other types of greeneryare becoming increasingly popular around the world. In F
15、rance, newly built commercial rooftops must have either greenery or solar panels, according to a recent law. The logic is obvious: Green roofs can reduce the retention(滞留)of 1in urban areas, help to cool down buildings and thereby lower their energy use, and even pull some carbon dioxide from the ai
16、r and 2it back into plant growth. Plus, they look cool. But the psychological benefits of green roofs to busy office workers may also be 3, according to new research. In a study published in the journal Environmental Psychology, the University of Melbournes Kate Lee and a group of colleagues found t
17、hat interrupting a tedious, attention-demanding task with a 40-second “microbreak“in which one 4looks at a computerized image of a green roofimproved focus as well as subsequent 5on the task. The research adds to a growing scientific 6on the health advantagespsychological and otherwiseof being expos
18、ed to views of nature in urban settings, for instance through the presence of parks or trees. Research in this area is so far along, in fact, that researchers are considering whether it might be possible to 7the right “dose“ of nature that people need to receive in order to actually 8significant hea
19、lth benefits. Other psychological benefits of nature views have also been 9in recent literature. In one study, research subjects who viewed a 12-minute nature documentary before playing a game that involved managing a fishery resource engaged in more 10behavior. A)accidentally F)feed K)performance B
20、)appearance G)give L)reap C)captured H)heat M)simply D)different I)identify N)substantial E)easily J)literature O)sustainable（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Why You Shouldnt Freak Out About Swarming Honeybeesand How to Save Bees From Those
21、 Who Do A)For many people, the late-spring onset of warm weather conjures up images of barbecues, beach trips and long afternoons spent out in the sun. But if youre a beekeeper, the changing seasons may have an extra significance: Its the start of honeybee swarm season. B)To many, a swarm of honeybe
22、eswhich can number well above 10 000 bees and take the form of a living, buzzing, basketball-sized clump of insectsis the stuff of nightmares. But both scientists and beekeepers(who manage hives of honeybees either for fun or to sell honey commercially)encourage citizens not to kill or attack the be
23、es if they happen upon a swarm. In fact, as the nation continues to experience widespread honeybee declines, allowing a beekeeper to capture the swarm alive is not only good for the beekeeperit can help save struggling bees, too. C)And thats critical: Concern over protecting honeybees has never been
24、 higher. Honeybees have been declining for several decades, largely thanks to a mysterious phenomenon known as colony collapse disorder, which causes bees to suddenly abandon their hives. The US Department of Agriculture estimates that honeybee populations are less than half what they were in the 19
25、40s. D)Most scientists believe the honeybees plight has been caused by a complex set of factors, including negative effects from pesticides, various diseases and parasites, and habitat degradation. One of the most recent honeybee studies found that beekeepers lost about 40 percent of their commercia
26、l colonies in the past yeara worrisome statistic because honeybees play a crucial role in pollinating(授粉)crops. In fact, many experts are afraid that their continued decline could have a major impact on human food supplies. E)Policy-makers are taking the problem seriously. Last week, the Obama admin
27、istration released its National Strategy to Promote the Health of Honeybees and Other Pollinators, which aims to put honeybees on the upturn by reviewing and placing restrictions on certain pesticides and restoring land for use by pollinators. Still, honeybees are not protected under the Endangered
28、Species Act, and there are no federal laws to prohibit people from killing them, although state-level regulations may vary. This can be unfortunate for honeybee swarms, which tend to appear more menacing than they actually are. F)Swarming is a particular behavior that honeybees exhibit in the late s
29、pring or early summer as a way of propagating(繁殖)the species, says Andrew Cote, a New York-based beekeeper and founder of the New York City Beekeepers Association. When a colony gets big enough, it splits in two and the queen bee flies off, usually taking a third to a half of the colony with her, in
30、 search of a new home.(Back at the home base, a new queen will take her place and continue on with the old colony.) G)While theyre looking for a suitable new home, these swarms sometimes make brief stopovers on tree branches, walls, road signs or other objects. Their appearancea dripping ball of sti
31、nging insectscan be menacing, but neurobiologist and bee expert Thomas Seeley says honeybees are at their safest when exhibiting swarming behavior. H)“The reality is that a swarm of bees is not defensive,“ says Seeley, a professor of neurobiology and behavior at Cornell University, where he speciali
32、zes in the behavior and social life of honeybees. Swarming bees are still en route to a new home, meaning they have no nest and no stores of honey to defend, and they tend to be at their most docile(温顺的). I)Swarms rarely stay in one place for more than a day or so, says Seeley, so chances are the be
33、es will take off on their own if left alone. “A lot of people think that a cluster of bees is a bunch of bees building a nest, and its not,“ he says. “Its just a temporary assemblage.“ But some businesses or homeowners might get antsy(坐立不安的)about having a huge blob of bees hanging around, particular
34、ly if there are children in the area. In these cases, experts encourage citizens to call a local beekeeper, a person who has experience managing honeybee hives, to come and safely remove the swarm, rather than attempting to spray it with insecticide or hire an exterminator. J)Beekeeper Toni Burnham,
35、 founder of the D. C. Beekeepers Alliance and president of the Maryland State Beekeepers Association, Inc., says some exterminators will refuse to destroy honeybees. But even in these cases, some citizens may take matters into their own hands by spraying the swarm with insecticide or other chemicals
36、. K)Seeley says it would be hard to put a number on the population-level effects of destroying honeybee swarms. “ I dont know if its contributing much to the pressure on the population of honeybee colonies, but every time one is killed it does have some effect for sure,“ he says. “I guess the main t
37、hing is theres really no need to destroy them.“ L)And even swarms that are left alone by humans are homeless and vulnerable to environmental disturbances. Many dont make it to their next hive, says Burnham. But she adds that allowing beekeepers to collect swarms can have other benefits besides just
38、saving the bees. M)Burnham says collecting swarms can help beekeepers by bolstering(改善)the genetic pool on their bee farms. A swarm thats found in an urban setting, where there arent too many bee farms around, likely came from a feral(野生的)colonya colony that isnt being managed by beekeepers and esse
39、ntially lives in the wild. In order to survive long enough to produce a swarm in the first place, a feral bee colony must be pretty hardy, she says. N)“Were in a day and age where were trying to find bees that know how to cope with pests and disease, that know how to cope with profound changes in cl
40、imate. The genes really, really matter,“ Burnham says. “When you have a swarm, you have bees of an unknown background. One thing you do know is that they came from a strong colony, a colony that had existed for a long time.“ O)Seeley, the neurobiologist, agrees that collecting swarms can be an advan
41、tage for beekeepers. “If youre not in a suburban area or something like that, chances are that the swarm is coming out of a wild colony,“ he says. “Theyve been tested. Theyve had to be living somewhere on their own.“（分数：20.00）(1).Beekeepers have lost many honeybees, which may finally result in the d
42、ecline of human food supplies.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Capturing the swarm alive not only benefits beekeepers but also the decreasing bees.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to a bee expert, swarming bees are actually safe in spite of their threatening appearance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).A new policy has been made
43、 in order to save honeybees by controlling the use of pesticides.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Some individuals may kill honeybees by using some chemicals.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Swarms often move to new places, so there may be some who will have to fly alone when they fall behind the group.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).It
44、 is necessary for people to find bees which are genetically good at fighting with pests, disease and the complex climate.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Even though they are not destroyed by people, swarms are still in poor condition because of the unstable environment.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).A swarm found in city
45、areas may come from a feral colony which is wild and strong.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The phenomenon that bees suddenly leave their hives leads to the quick decline of bees in the last few decades.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_When you run your hands through your lovers hair, youre probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give your team-mate or colleague a pat on the back after a setback, and the chances are youre not consciously seeking to change the mix of signalling chemicals in their brain. It may
