1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 211 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. University students are busy with p
2、reparing for exams to get all kinds of certificates for English proficiency, computer skills, accounting, etc. They believe they have more chances of getting a good job with their certificates. However, some people argue that certificates do not necessarily indicate more abilities and better jobs. W
3、hat is your opinion?（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Islamist militants are still in control of the town.B.French forces have entered the town.C.French are going to land at the airport.D.Islamist militants are attacking the airport.A.To
4、 control Kidal airport.B.To protect the town.C.To protect the capital Bamako.D.To fight against Islamist militants.A.A client.B.A bank manager.C.The police.D.Bank headquarters.A.A month before the crime was discovered.B.A day before the crime was discovered.C.A day after the police started investiga
5、tion.D.A month after he transferred the money.A.They went to a remote area.B.Their fishing boats clashed.C.They tried to repair their boats.D.They decided to stay in the boats.A.On supplies they brought with them.B.On supplies sent to them by rescue teams.C.On supplies left at the military base.D.No
6、t mentioned in the passage.A.By helicopter.B.By boat.C.By radio contact.D.By a search team.5.Section B_A.Bacon.B.Mushrooms.C.Italian sausage.D.Onions.A.Pineapple and mushrooms on one half and green peppers and Italian sausage on the other.B.Pineapple and green peppers on one half and mushrooms and I
7、talian sausage on the other.C.Pineapple and mushrooms on one half and red peppers and Italian sausage on the other.D.Pineapple and red peppers on one half and mushrooms and Italian sausage on the other.A.The total of his order is $17.90.B.The phone number is 340-1870.C.The address is 1340 North 16 E
8、ast.D.The customer wants a half-and-half pizza.A.Three orders of bread sticks for free.B.A three-dollar deduction on the next pizza you order.C.A three-dollar coupon for use this time you order a large pizza.D.A free order of steak.A.Once a week.B.Three every month.C.Five every month.D.Two every mon
9、th.A.Five to fifteen pounds.B.Three to fifteen pounds.C.Five pounds.D.Five to fifty pounds.A.When there are more than twelve people.B.When there are five people.C.When there are fifteen people.D.When there are more than fifteen people.A.Call the office.B.Sign the name on the notice board in advance.
10、C.Pay the money.D.There is no need to reserve a place.6.Section C_A.Vanilla.B.Chocolate or syrup.C.Food.D.Nuts, fruit and whipped cream.A.Nobody knows.B.One Sunday in the 1890s.C.In the 1890s.D.In the 1980s.A.Sunday.B.The name of the customer.C.The name of the owner.D.The name of the ice-cream parlo
11、r.A.Americans art music.B.Americans street music.C.American s black music.D.Americans classic music.A.Harmony and melody are from Africa and rhythm from Europe.B.Harmony and melody are from Europe and rhythm from Africa.C.Harmony and rhythm are from Africa and melody from Europe.D.Melody and rhythm
12、are from Europe and harmony from Africa.A.The player invents the music in advance.B.The player makes up the music while playing.C.A good jazz player plays the same music twice.D.Its like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago.A.The role of Florida in the American Revolution.B.The discove
13、ry of Florida by Ponce de Leon in 1513.C.The history of the cultivation of oranges in Florida.D.The popularity of Florida oranges in London in the 1770 s.A.London.B.St. Augustine.C.The Antilles.D.New York.A.Jesse Fish.B.Ponce de Leon.C.Columbus.D.British sailors.A.Because oranges tended to dry out d
14、uring shipping.B.Because Florida oranges were very small.C.Because there was no great demand for oranges in Europe.D.Because oranges were plentiful in their home country.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_As food is to the body, so is learning to the m
15、ind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the 1of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our 2capacity. Constant learning 3us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgm
16、ent. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep 4with the times in the information age, and an infallible 5of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the 6of knowledge. On the contrary, learning sh
17、ould be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the 7. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. Whats worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to 8our noble id
18、eal, sapping our determination to sweep away 9to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization. Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a 10career
19、. A)grave B)supplies C)pursue D)paceE)acquisition F)difficult G)intake H)warrantI)decoration J)intellectual K)learn L)determinationM)mental N)lifelong O)obstacles（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Animals on the MoveA)It looked like a scene f
20、rom “Jaws“ but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.B)Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a dea
21、dly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the
22、 action was over.Moving to SurviveC)In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.D)Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories.
23、 The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.E)Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far awa
24、y as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by D
25、uke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made
26、 of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyF)The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These
27、 fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.G)The Duk
28、e University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when
29、 the shark s body snaps back the other way.H)As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet. Source of EnergyI)What causes the fibers to store so m
30、uch energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials“. Instead of air pressure, however, the p
31、ressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.J)When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around fo
32、r food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.K)The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.L)This energy is then trans
33、ferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable. Dolphin Has Speed RecordM)Another fastmarine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers(20 miles)an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark,
34、 the animal s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is
35、 known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.N)In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.O)The waves, in effect, become tucked into the
36、 skins folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds. Other Animals Less EfficientP)Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks
37、 and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug(鼻涕虫), which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy(黏滑的)trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus(黏液)and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance
38、 uses only one twelfth as much energy.Q)Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with
39、 this kind of problem?（分数：20.00）(1).Most animals like sharks, use locomotion to escape enemies and find a mate.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).When the shark swims slowly, the fibers are relaxed and pressure of them is low.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Slugs inefficient use of energy confines them to small areas.（分数：2.00
40、）填空项 1:_(4).During the bodys back and forth motion, much potential energy will be stored in the fibers.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The high efficiency in swimming of sharks largely dues to its skin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Different kinds of inventions make human move around in nearly any kind of environment.（分数
41、：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The tail whips, because the energy on each side of the body is different.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Ten times increase of pressure stretches fibers, and much energy will be stored in the process.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).A dolphin s skin has very little resistance to flowing water.（分数：2.00）填空项 1
42、:_(10).Other animals would be slowed by turbulent water, while dolphin can race through at a high speed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_One of the world s first videogames, Tetris(俄罗斯方块), has turned thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school. But what s kept people swiping and clicking
43、to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new platforms and an attracting psychological appeal. Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection o
44、f the game s core over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isnt showing any signs of losing its appeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Entertainment Sys
45、tem(NES)to smartphones, Tetris is sold on over 425 million mobile devices. More than 20 billion games of Tetris Battle have been played on Facebook, too. Theres something psychologically entrancing about the game, thats kept people hooked through the years. “Play a game of Tetris,“ said Rogers, “and satisfy your craving to create order out of chaos.“ Plus, theres the added quality of playing Tetris and never feeling wholly fulfilled. “Theres no correct move that you can make,“ said Neubauer, a loyal player of the game who work as a s
