1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 226 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but n
2、o more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差 2.产生此种现象的原因是3.为了提高学生的自理能力，应该On College Students Self-care Ability（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.21 years old.B.5 years old.C.17 months old.D.5 months old.A.Th
3、ey were separated by the US doctors.B.They were born with joined heads.C.Their father is too young to bring them up.D.They were sad to leave the staff.A.Their products were not registered.B.The quality of their products didnt meet the standard.C.They fixed price with the local seller.D.They bribed h
4、ealth workers to promote products.A.Information about the health benefits of bottle-feeding.B.Instruction for the appropriate preparation in two languages.C.Information on how to choose the milk powder properly.D.Instructions to help mothers make up the milk.A.It changed its policy on posts with vio
5、lent speech.B.It identified people who hate terrorists.C.It raised the anger of terrorists.D.It suspended some accounts for religious reason.A.Updating their information frequently.B.Posting hateful things regularly.C.Using multiple accounts.D.Suspending some of their accounts.A.They cant stop terro
6、rists communicating through this channel.B.They didnt adjust their policy over the past year.C.They didnt make an effort to gain promotion from the public.D.They dont update their service frequently enough.5.Section B_A.His inbox was broken.B.He made a big mistake.C.The meeting was put off.D.The wor
7、k was postponed.A.There is a bunch of coffee.B.It is full of misplaced memos.C.The secretary works beside it.D.Things get piled up there.A.It has not been sent out yet.B.It was posted in the break room.C.It never got to the mans inbox.D.It was misplaced by the man.A.Ask the secretary about the memo.
8、B.Talk to his friends about the secret.C.Read the memo to get the truth.D.Take a bunch of coffee breaks.A.She cant have a break again.B.The tires of her car are broken.C.She cant sell her car in the shop.D.Her car is being repaired again.A.He is incapable of repairing old cars.B.He may overcharge he
9、r for the repairing.C.He may make an incorrect estimate.D.He doesnt know much about cars.A.Offer the woman a ride home.B.Write the homework for the woman.C.Drive the woman back to campus.D.Recommend a new car mechanic to the woman.A.Move back to live on campus.B.Leave alone those troubles.C.Pay a vi
10、sit to the dormitory.D.Move to live near the campus.6.Section C_A.They travel faster near the TV station.B.They can work better than ever before.C.They usually follow the curve of the earth.D.They travel in straight lines in all directions.A.Pay a monthly charge.B.Pay a yearly charge.C.Pay a daily c
11、harge.D.Pay an hourly charge.A.All classrooms use cable television.B.City people can see extra programs.C.The charge of cable is much lowered.D.TV signals can be received more easily.A.He had no pension.B.He had a great car.C.He was right at the age of 56.D.He owned a recipe for chicken.A.Ask his fr
12、iends to sell Fried Chicken.B.Work as a cook in a famous restaurant.C.Sell his chicken recipe to restaurant owners.D.Study hard to work out a chicken recipe.A.65.B.105.C.1008.D.1009.A.Collectivism.B.Equality.C.Social group.D.Individualism.A.Equal rights and equal freedom.B.Equal worth and equal oppo
13、rtunity.C.Equal opportunity and equal pay.D.Equal worth and equal status.A.Protesting their unequal treatment.B.Enduring all the hardships willingly.C.Fulfilling their dreams through hard work.D.Learning how to get freedom and equality.A.People can easily fight with each other.B.Conflicts with other
14、s become inevitable.C.Americans are too concerned about their status.D.Ones freedom can conflict with others rights.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Barack and Michelle Obama understand the heavy burden of student loan debt. The Obamas did not pay of
15、f their student loans until Obamas best-selling books earned them millions of dollars. With the cost of a college education 1 , more than 60% of students take out loans to fund their undergraduate education. On average, students who borrow graduate with debts of $22,700a 2 of more than 18% from 2000
16、. But some of those with a newly acquired bachelors degree are restrained with debts of $40,000 or more. You think this economys tough? Try finding a job with the 3 of repaying tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Now, a new federal programIncome-Based Repaymentis making it 4 to pay back these loan
17、s. If a student chooses to repay her or his loan with this plan, payments are then readjustedbased on their income to something they can 5 afford. All debt will be forgiven after 25 years. A graduate who earns less than 150% of the 6 line wont have to make any payments. This is in addition to the ye
18、ar-old Public Service Loan Forgiveness program for those 7 in jobs such as law enforcement, public health and social work. Their loans will be forgiven after 10 years. This 8 isnt perfect; the loans have to be federal loans, not 9 . But students with more than one federal student loan can combine th
19、em under the program. In some cases, borrowers with large debt and low-to-moderate incomes may benefit at the end of 25 years, with the 10 of their debt forgiven. Others with higher incomes, though, will pay more.A) earning E) pressure I) balance M) easierB) state F) initiative J) raising N) working
20、C) rising G) poverty K) private O) reasonablyD) jump H) public L) barely（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Low-carbon Future: We Can Afford to Go GreenA Tackling climate change will cost consumers the earth. Those who campaign for a green rev
21、olution are out to destroy our western lifestyles. Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts, and their message has political impact: a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases. However, a new modell
22、ing (模型化) exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded. It projects that radical cuts to the UKs emissions will cause barely noticeable increases in the price of food, drink and most other goods by 2050. Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly, but with the right policies in
23、 place, say the modellers, this need not lead to big changes in our lifestyle.B “These results show that the global project to fight climate change is feasible,“ says Alex Bowen, a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics. “Its not such a big ask as people are making out.“ Although it
24、 is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers. It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future.C Though its results speak directly to the UK consumer, previo
25、us research has come to similar conclusions for the US. In June, one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent. The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Chang
26、e in Washington DC. “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas,“ says Manik Roy of the Pew Center. “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case.“D The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change rec
27、ommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit. To meet
28、this goal, industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption, and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will have to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases.E How will this affect the average citizens wallet? To measure the impact of t
29、he 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy. The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared t
30、he impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions already in place as a result of the Kyoto protocol (京都议定书).F Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and
31、 gas are replaced by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the baseline. In todays prices, that would add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as ev
32、ery industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other factorsraw materials, labour and taxesare far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up ju
33、st 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries does the contribution climb above 3 per cent.G As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is for
34、ecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises by a few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, the
35、y will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent raising the cost of a typical London to New York return trip from around 350 to 840.H Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natur
36、al gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while still hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments wi
37、ll provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to almost completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of ho
38、w they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics.I So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cambridge Econom
39、etrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK governments climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can be diverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the models results. J For example, companies could move
40、to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes in the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for project
41、ing beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, says Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become cl
42、ear in years to come.（分数：20.00）(1).Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from past economic data.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Richard Tol points out that UK companies could find other locations with less strict carbon regulations, which would affect the future price.（分
43、数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The air fares are predicted to rise dramatically because no clean energy can replace the jet fuel.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some economists doubt the models results because the prediction may be diverted by unforeseen events.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).As the cost of a green revolution rises, th
44、e enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decreases.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can conquer the challenge.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The two major policies built by the Cambridge rese
45、archers include the electrification of residential heating and cooking system.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).To reduce 80 per cent of the emission, the UK industries have to cut down fossil fuel consumption and use low-carbon power sources instead.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to the modellers, emission cuts wont change the lifestyle much, provided that appropriate policies are carried out.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).A study showed that cutting emissions by eighty per cent in the coming four decades has little effect on the price.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_
