1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 214 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the independence of you
2、ng people in modern society. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Costly and undependable web service in Nigeria.B.A new network project in Nigeria.C.New informative websites i
3、n Nigeria.D.Resources on the web service in Nigeria.A.Students, factory workers and researchers.B.Students, farmers and researchers.C.Students, medical workers and researchers.D.Students, medical workers and officers.A.The economic situation is glooming.B.There are less new graduates every year.C.Th
4、e workers have less experience.D.The employers cannot find suitable technical workers.A.The number of graduates is increasing each year.B.Technology and workplace are changing faster.C.There are more vacant jobs than before.D.College fees are higher than before.A.It will double the waterways earning
5、s in a decade.B.It cant turn around Egypts economy.C.It will be successful soon.D.It wont improve the lives of Egyptians.A.The recovery of Egypts economy.B.The development of Egypts industry.C.The health of the worlds shipping industry.D.The peace of the world.A.The education problems.B.The discrimi
6、nation problems.C.The population problems.D.The debt problems.5.Section B_A.She hasnt seen snow.B.She doesnt like to ski.C.She is afraid of skiing.D.She lives very far away from the skifield.A.Act like a cat.B.Go up step by step.C.Stand in the middle.D.Go up as quickly as possible.A.Cross the tips.B
7、.Stop leaning forward.C.Point the tips together.D.Move to a gentle place.A.Pleased but afraid.B.Happy but nervous.C.Pleased and proud.D.Exciting and satisfied.A.She is honest and hardworking.B.She is very competent for the job.C.She likes her job very much.D.She is hardworking but not competent.A.De
8、signing a terrific web.B.Designing a basic web.C.Building a terrific BBS.D.Designing a terrific program.A.She learned the skills at a famous university.B.She didnt do well at school.C.She learned the skills by herself.D.She received some professional training.A.Let her leave immediately.B.Get an exp
9、erienced man to help her.C.Fire her in a week.D.Let her get some professional training.6.Section C_A.Indicate our lifestyles and values.B.Improve our communicative skills.C.Cultivate our values.D.Determine our lifestyles and values.A.They cared little about clothing.B.They had poor taste in clothing
10、.C.They were very conscious of clothing.D.They were proud of womens clothes.A.They cared more about clothing than white-collar workers.B.They were manipulated by white-collar workers.C.They scoffed white-collar workers for their clothing.D.They conformed to the accepted pattern of clothing.A.Dressin
11、g patterns of workers.B.Mans attitude towards dress.C.The importance of clothing.D.The styles of clothing.A.Many workers feel embarrassed when talking about office gossip.B.More than half of the workers are involved in office gossip.C.The percentage of workers involved in office gossip has increased
12、.D.Workers were reluctant to talk about office gossip before.A.Office gossip may boost when the company expands.B.Workers dare not to gossip when the company is downsizing.C.Office gossip may relatively drop when the economy turns better.D.In a financial crisis, workers are over pressured to gossip.
13、A.It is beneficial to the workers productivity.B.It helps to deliver the latest news of the company.C.It is an efficient way to relax peoples mind.D.It is a direct way for the boss to know his workers.A.They put them in a well.B.They put them in the ice.C.They put them in an evaporative cooler.D.The
14、y put them into boxes.A.Place it at the top of the cooler.B.Place it at the bottom of the cooler.C.Put its ends in the water.D.Put it outdoors.A.To store them in conditions that are not cold enough.B.To keep them directly into storage containers.C.To put them on the ground after cutting them with kn
15、ife.D.To prepare them at harvest time when theyre in the field.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_It seems individual cancer cells send out the same distress signals as wounds, tricking immune cells into helping them grow into tumours. The finding sugg
16、ests that anti-inflammatory drugs could help to combat or prevent cancer. “Lifelong, if you take a small quantity of something that 1inflammation(炎症), such as aspirin, it could reduce the risk of cancer,“ says Adam Hurlstone of the University of Manchester, UK. When tissue is wounded or infected it
17、produces hydrogen peroxide. White blood cells called leukocytes(白血球)are among the first cells to react to this 2, homing in to kill the infectious agent, clean up the mess and rebuild 3tissue. At first, the tissue becomes inflamed, but this subsides as the wound is cleared and rebuilding continues.
18、Now, a study in zebra fish shows that this process is also instigated(唆使)and sustained by tumour cells. Hurlstone and his colleagues 4engineered zebra fish so that skin cells and leukocytes would show different 5under ultraviolet light. Some zebra fish were also engineered to have cancerous skin cel
19、ls. The team found that the cancerous skin cells secreted(分泌)hydrogen peroxide, 6leukocytes which helped them on their way to become a tumour. When the team 7hydrogen peroxide production in the zebra fish, the leukocytes were no longer attracted to cancerous cells and the cancer colonies reduced in
20、8. More alarmingly, the researchers found that healthy skin cells 9to the cancerous ones also produced hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that cancer cells 10co-opt them into triggering inflammation. A)adjacent F)figure K)somehow B)blocked G)genetically L)somewhat C)changed H)hue M)summoning D)colors I)h
21、urtful N)suppresses E)damaged J)number O)trigger（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_On Food Safety, a Long List but Little Money A)This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli(大肠杆菌)killed one
22、 person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas(木瓜)contaminated with salmonella(沙门氏菌)poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems,
23、but the roll call of recent cases underlines the importance of the task. B)“Its an enormous undertaking,“ said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administrations deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and import
24、ers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing(大幅削减预算)means that regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didnt have resources to
25、 implement the law. “The choice is we either find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You cant build something brand-new without the resources to do it.“ C)The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer.
26、One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rules is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basies like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measu
27、res to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria. D)Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms. E)For a year and a h
28、alf, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled
29、through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm
30、 rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them better understand how a farm worked. F)The complexity of the FDAs task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government
31、expected of him. “Were all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about,“ he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in food safety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the FDAs job was to focus most of its efforts where the
32、 food safety risks were greatest. G)The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly impro
33、vements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits(免除)small farms that average less than $500 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms. Kaplan Walbrecht
34、 said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing(不加管束的)regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked. H)But while farmers worry that the rules will
35、be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the FDA will need hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-cont
36、rolled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely eliminates new money for the FDA. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease th
37、e agencys finances. I)The budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year. “Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive,“ said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the
38、 FDA who is now a food safety consultant. “There will be a public health impact because enforcement wont be to the extent they want to do it. “ The agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it wont be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require afte
39、r a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The FDA has about 1 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly. J)So far, Mr. Taylor has won
40、praise for the introduction of the new law. “Ive never seen the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm,“ said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the mo
41、st frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms. Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. “Were not going to game the system,“ he said.（分数：20.00）(1).Ms. Kaplan worried the
42、 new law could burden small farmers, though it gives exemption to small farms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, the Congress passed the food safety law.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Food safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law la
43、ck the necessary force for effectiveness.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Since the government cuts down the budget greatly, the FDA has no enough money to implement the food safety law.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the increasing inspections.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).T
44、he FDA is hoped to cope with the basic food safety problems.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The FDA argued that the foreign food inspections wont be able to be enforced due to lacking lots of new money.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).No officials helped the farmers with the food safety problems before Mr. Taylor visited fa
45、rmers around the country.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).The most frequent inspections demanded by the law are operated on the riskiest facilities.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Jimmy Zilnicki doubted whether it was necessary to include potatoes in food safety rules.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Tom was a wanderer. When his wife, Elsie, came to visit him at a care unit for patients with dementia, he would give her a perfunctory(敷衍的)kiss, then wander off through the rooms and stare out the window. Elsie tried to walk with him and hold hands, but he would shak
