1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 244及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of how our education system generally judge students, and then explain why
2、 academic achievement isnt an adequate way to judge a student. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Six pints of wine a week is advised for drinkers.B.It is not advisable to ta
3、ke alcohol every day.C.Appropriate drinking is beneficial to old people.D.Safe drinking is essential to peoples health.A.It is acceptable on working days.B.It helps prevent alcohol addiction.C.It brings about a low dying rate.D.It can pass the breath alcohol test.A.Getting young people together to s
4、tart a fashion.B.Attracting artists to complete their artistic creation.C.Making a profit by selling foreign artistic works.D.Inventing a new cultural tendency in Manhattan.A.Every weekend from April to November.B.Every weekend from December to March.C.Every weekend all the year round.D.Every fortni
5、ght all the year round.A.Its operating system broke down for 24 hours.B.Its personal banking site was inaccessible suddenly.C.The information of its business accounts was lost.D.Hacker invaded HSBCs customers database.A.All its customers would get extra money from HSBC.B.He apologized in a video cli
6、p on behalf of himself.C.He explained what had caused the problem technically.D.HSBC had prepared to deal with any problem in the future.A.Complex technical programs will be simplified.B.HSBC leaders will be questioned on the accidentC.HSBC will be charged by Treasure Select Committee.D.HSBC will pr
7、ovide efficient online banking services.5.Section B_A.Supportive.B.Opposed.C.Pessimistic.D.Neutral.A.It has no difference from other cells.B.It can only become a certain type of cell.C.It cant become a kidney cell.D.It maintains and repairs the body.A.They can develop into human organ.B.They are abl
8、e to cure cancer.C.They help to recreate stem cells.D.They are able to create new DNA.A.They dont know about the benefits of the research.B.The research goes against their religious beliefs.C.The research costs too much money.D.They insist that the research is against nature.A.It uses new technology
9、.B.It is installed with a robot.C.It is as clever as human.D.It can talk with people.A.He does the work of making maps.B.He is reliable on giving directions.C.He is a Geographic specialist.D.He knows more than a computerized map.A.They will tell drivers the accident on the road ahead.B.They will rem
10、ind drivers if there is only a little oil left.C.They will help drivers sheer off in the opposite direction.D.They will give an alarm if drivers get too close to other cars.A.He couldnt find the way.B.His car ran out of oil.C.He came at rush hour.D.His watch was slow.6.Section C_A.In 766 B.C.B.In 77
11、6 B.C.C.In 676 B.C.D.In 667 B.C.A.To display the ancient Greek civilization.B.To let more nations and athletes to take part in.C.To present the worlds most important athletic contests.D.To refresh the ideals of excellence of body, mind, and spirit.A.Any qualified athlete can enter for the game freel
12、y.B.It is organized by the International Olympic Committee.C.It has been held every four years since it was revived.D.Any nation can enter a team in the Games unconditionally.A.Smoke.B.Tar.C.Nicotine.D.Ashes.A.Because they feel nervous when not smoking.B.Because they have nothing to do when not smok
13、ing.C.Because they feel no taste in their mouths without cigarettes.D.Because they dont know how to establish new contacts without cigarettes.A.The better taste that is less addictive.B.The reduced risk to their health.C.The higher status they symbolize.D.The less smoke they give out.A.It is a popul
14、ar sport.B.It has a long history.C.It is rarely tried a second time.D.It is an adventurous activity.A.Everyday life makes people bored.B.Too much work exhausts people.C.People are suffering too much stress.D.Theyre mentally and physically healthy.A.It was quite stable and carefree.B.It was not easy
15、to survive.C.People enjoyed a long healthy life.D.People neednt work hard for a living.A.They are effective as long as people take care.B.They are not a recommended way to relax.C.They are all right for some people.D.They are difficult to be accepted.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III
16、Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Conrad Hilton really wanted to be a banker. Instead, he successfully changed the 1purchase of a Texas low-end hotel into a multimillion-dollar hotel empire that earned him the 2“innkeeper to the world.“ Born in New Mexico in 1887, Hilton was 19 when his parents bega
17、n renting out rooms in their home. The business didnt interest him, however, so he became a 3legislator (立法者), founded a bank and went off to war. In 1919, after Hiltons father died, a friend suggested he go to Texas to make his 4. Hilton ended up in Cisco: when his bank deal there 5, he headed to a
18、 nearby hotel, the Mobley. It 6to oil-field workers, so its 40 rooms turned over every eight hours. A week later, Hilton owned it He soon acquired more hotelsand started to build new ones. His first, the Dallas Hilton, opened in 1925. By the late 1940s, Hiltons list included the Town House in Beverl
19、y Hills and Chicagos Palmer House, as well as 7nightclubs featuring A-list stars. He also expanded 8. And in 1949, he bought the “greatest of them all“: New York Citys magnificent Waldorf Astoria Typically American, Hiltons were creative too: the first to have rooms with air-conditioning, TVs, ironi
20、ng boards and sewing kits. Even modern hotel-reservations systems 9from one Hilton which was established in 1948. Today the Hilton Hotels Corp. owns some 3,300 10in 78 countries. Last year more than a quarter-billion guests checked in.A) casual E) fortune I) motivated M) severeB) catered F) inherite
21、d J) nickname N) souredC) evolved G) internationally K) previously O) stateD) features H) luxurious L) properties（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Designing for sustainability: what are the challenges behind green materials?A Learning to sur
22、f in Californias icy breakers, Todd Copeland, a design master at the Patagonia clothing company, concluded that wetsuits (潜水服) werent cutting it. Sure, a traditional Neoprene (氯丁橡胶) suit could keep him warm, but the suits material could be synthesised only from non-renewable, energy-intensive resour
23、ces such as petroleum.B In spring 2008, Copeland blogged about the need for a truly green alternative. And, later that summer, his cry found its way to Yulex, an Arizona-based company working to bring back a low-energy, low-poison recipe for rubber from guayuie (银胶菊), a desert bush native to North A
24、merica. Research on the plant peaked during the Second World War but was then shelved. Yulex had restarted the work around 2000 and was making hypo-allergenic (低过敏的) surgical gloves, but was seeking a new market. It saw Copelands post, and soon its representatives came knocking.C Yulexs efforts are
25、set to pay off later this fall, when Patagonia releases a full wetsuit made from a 60:40 blend of guayule and conventional Neoprene, five years after Copeland initiated the search. “We hope to get that to 100% guayuie, but it takes time to learn a new material,“ says Copeland, now Patagonias environ
26、mental product specialist.D This lucky match between designer and material maker is, unfortunately, a rare exception. The tale of Patagonias eco-wetsuit offers a lesson of the larger challenge facing green materials on the path from lab to market. The process remains a complex web that few materials
27、 survive. But a recent survey of design leaders reveals that while eco-materials still face a tougher journey than their conventional peers, the process of green technology transfer is making progress.E Though spotty, statistics on green materials markets are all pointing up. The building industry i
28、s one of the largest shifting towards lower-impact practices. In the US, the green construction market is worth roughly $100bn, a ten-fold rise since 2006, according to the 2013 Dodge Construction Green Outlook. As a share, green construction now accounts for 44% of total US commercial and instituti
29、onal construction, up from near zero a decade ago.F Evidence suggests that big corporations are deepening their commitment to these priorities, as well. For example, Green adoption has also been accelerating at Ford. A decade ago, engineers at the No. 2 US automaker were distrustful of the cost and
30、performance benefits of alternatives. Today, following a storm of successful material substitutions, design engineers are required to evaluate and pick green candidates where they equal or exceed conventional materials.G Fords shift didnt come quickly. “We were kicked out of conference rooms,“ laugh
31、s Debbie Mielewski, technical leader for Plastics Research at Ford Motor Co, recalling her efforts in the early 2000s to pitch bio-based plastics to the car makers internal development engineers. “They saw only risk and additional cost,“ she says. But thanks to the protection of Bill Ford Jr, the co
32、mpanys then CEO, Fords bio-plastics R&D program had the time and funding to mature new offerings to the point where today soy-based polyurethane foams (大豆聚氨酯泡沫塑料) are used in the seat cushions, backs, and headrests of all vehicles built in North America. A focus on value and performance has helped r
33、everse early disbelief. “Our goal has always been to match the price and performance of any material were hoping to replace,“ she says.H As its commitment to recover and re-use waste carpet materials started to take root in the 1990s, Atlanta-based Interface, a $lbn-per-year manufacturer of carpet u
34、sed primarily in commercial spaces, recognised it could push this goal only as quickly as a key fibre supplier, Italys Aquafil, was able to develop and scale-up processes to harvest fibers from recovered carpets and to then re-melt them for use in new carpeting. “This was more of us pushing recycled
35、 materials,“ by Interface, “rather than a pull“ from the market, says Nigel Stansfield, Interfaces vice president and chief innovations officer. “We had to overcome a perception that recycled was more costly, or performed less well.“I Interface also faced a reverse logistics (物流) challenge: it had t
36、o work with existing and new partners to learn how to capture and truck tons of carpet back to its partner plants. “To make this work, weve had to focus on all parts of the products life cycle at once,“ Stansfield says. At the installation phase, for example, this has meant educating flooring instal
37、lers to abandon long-standing practices of gluing carpets down, which damages the material at the later recovery stage. Interface instead relies on gravity and strong gluey patches to link its carpet tile and keep carpets locked down. And at the end-of-use stage, the move has meant developing revers
38、e logistics flows, to steer carpet waste away from landfills, and back to re-processors such as Aquafil.J Designers are widely frustrated by a lack of consistent, reliable services that can verify green materials virtues. The industry needs a “greenwash monitor (漂绿监控),“ Patagonias Copeland says. The
39、re has been some movement toward this goal, with efforts including Nikes MAKING app, Material Connexion, and the Sustainable Packaging Coalition. Green materials can fail an evaluation for many reasons. A few years ago, Patagonia became interested in bamboo-based fabrics. The cultivation of fast-gro
40、wing bamboo was appealing as a sustainable raw material. But on deeper investigation, Patagonia passed on the new fabrics because the process to convert bamboo into fibres proved just as poisonous as the standard method.K “Most clients think that sustainable design is simply a case of switching exis
41、ting material for a greener option,“ says Chris Sherwin, head of sustainability at Seymourpowell, a London-based design advisor. “Same product, new material: thats wrong on many grounds.“ Sherwin argues that its critical to understand that the stuff from which a product is made often accounts for on
42、ly a tiny fraction of the impact of the use-phase of a products lifetime. Hence, its smarter for laundry soap makers to improve the performance of their cleansers in cold water rather than focus solely on revising packaging. “We should start with more fundamental product redesign,“ Sherwin says. “We
43、 must start by asking, how will the consumers needs best be satisfied, and design accordingly.“（分数：20.00）(1).Even though the process of green technology transfer is hard, its improving.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Bamboo failed the green material evaluation not because of the material itself but because of i
44、ts process to convert into fibres.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The research on guayule wasnt at its height when Yulex started its work on it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Taking factors like the cost and performance benefits into consideration, engineers at Ford didnt trust green materials about ten years ago.（分数：2.00
45、）填空项 1:_(5).Interface started committing to using recycled materials in the 1990s.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Nearly half of the US commercial and institutional construction is now green.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Most clients view that sustainable design means producing the same products with green material is wr
46、ong.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The focus on risk and additional cost nearly got Fords bio plastics program rejected.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Patagonias newly wetsuit will be released this autumn.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Gluing carpets down can bring negative effects on materials in the recovery stage.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
