1、大学英语四级 144 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an e-mail to change the time of an appointment. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 给你的朋友 Frank 发一封 e-mail,告诉他由于明天你要参加一场考
2、试，无法按预定计划和他见面； 2. 对此带来的不便表示抱歉； 3. 重新约定见面时间。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesnt mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary,
3、 many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, there offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be
4、discovered. Computer crimes have been on the rise for the last twelve years. Just how much their computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline to all kinds of c
5、rimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average takes from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (a) More computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with bas
6、ic computer operation; (b) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (c) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases. Examples of Computer Crime Computer crime or e-crime is a kind of crime related to computer. Exactly what is illegal vari
7、es greatly from territory to territory. Consequently, the growth of international and in particular the Internet has made these crimes both more common and more difficult to police. Examples of computer crime are: -Fraud achieved by the manipulation of records. -Spamming where this is outlawed compl
8、etely or where regulations controlling it are violated. -Deliberate circumvention of computer security systems. -Unauthorized access to or modification of programs or data. -Industrial espionage by means of access to or theft of computer materials. -Identify theft where this is accomplished by use o
9、f fraudulent computer transactions. -Writing or spreading computer viruses or worms. -Salami slicing the practice of stealing money repeatedly in extremely small quantities. The Criminal Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers
10、“ brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble, but a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e. an “insider“. Difficulty of Detection a
11、nd Prevention Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it. Second, once the crime has been rev
12、ealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons“ or fingerprints does not occur as it might be in the investigation of more conventional crimes. Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it ma
13、y be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the companys work or committing a criminal act? Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. A
14、uthorities have to be familiar with the computers capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially-trained computer crime units. But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律
15、师). judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computers potential for misuse. After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person respons
16、ible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rel
17、y heavily on customer trust. To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isnt fully trained to under
18、stand the nature and seriousness of the crime. Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technician has embezzled $ 200,000
19、by entering faults benefit claims, it presented it findings to the states attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a po
20、licy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small. （分数：71.00）(1).It is more difficult to discover the criminals who committed with computer than those who committed without computer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.（分数：
21、7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).It is hard to say that whether computer crime is illegal or not because the exact rule varies greatly from territory to territory.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).It is implied in paragraph 4 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).On
22、ly the people at the next terminal con say whether one is committing a criminal act or not.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Many companies dont report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage is mainly about the increase of c
23、omputer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating computer crimes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In order to cope with the computer crime, at the present time more attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the_ for misuse.（分数：7.10）_(9).If the cases do go to trial and the criminals ar
24、e convicted, they may be punished only by_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Connecticut General Life Insurance Company is cited as_ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Jack could have run even faster.B.He can run faster than Jack i
25、n spite of his age.C.He could run faster than Jack when he was Jacks age.D.The woman is unfair in his judgement.A.What that thing is.B.How long will he have to wait.C.Where the woman has been.D.Where are they going.A.$15.00.B.$12.00.C.$40.00.D.$42.00.A.Because she forgot to turn up the air condition
26、er.B.Because she forgot to turn on the air conditioner.C.Because the air conditioner was broken.D.Because she wanted to save electricity.A.The woman should ask the man by the door.B.The woman should get off immediately.C.He will tell the woman when to get off.D.The woman should check the map.A.A cle
27、rk at the airport information desk.B.A clerk at the railway station information desk.C.A policeman.D.A taxi driver.A.The milk had gone bad.B.The milk hadnt turned sour.C.The man had put away the milk.D.The woman had put the milk away.A.The man will not be able to sleep.B.Someone will enter the back
28、door while the man is sleeping.C.The lock on the door will break.D.The man will not be able to come back.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Dr. Philips and his book on plagues.B.Old diseases on the comeback and the reasons.C.Diseases and their battles against humans control.D.Cholera, its death and its re
29、vival.A.They were given the food prepared in an infected country.B.Some of the victims spread the disease among the passengers.C.All of the victims had contracted the disease before boarding.D.They themselves were not strong enough to resist the infection.A.It caused the highest number of deaths in
30、cholera history.B.It was transmitted and spread among airline passengers.C.It suddenly appeared in one of the countries in Latin America.D.It was the most violent, widespread infection among all epidemics.A.International travel and commerce.B.Lack of efficient public health system.C.Technology in fo
31、od processing industry.D.Unhealthy eating habits of people.A.Speed limits are the same in all areas.B.Shed told him what it was.C.There are signs along the road.D.He has recently received his drivers license.A.He was on his way to work.B.He hadnt realized he was speeding.C.He lives on the Street nea
32、rby.D.His speedometer isnt working.A.She took away the mans license.B.She gave the man a speeding ticket.C.She gave the man a warning.D.She asked the man to become more familiar with area.A.Films provided more melodrama.B.Films provided longer programs.C.Films provided emotional appeal.D.Films provi
33、ded greater spectacles.A.They were silent.B.They didnt tell a complete story.C.They were too expensive.D.They were too short.A.The World War I.B.The fact that films were less expensive.C.The fact that films were silentD.The fact that films were shorter.A.They extend their water pipes.B.They give out
34、 faint cries.C.They make noises to drive away insects.D.They become elastic like rubber bands.A.Thirsty plants.B.Well-watered plants.C.Quiet plants.D.Healthy plants.A.They could drive the insects away.B.They could keep the plants well-watered.C.They could build devices to trap insects.D.They could m
35、ake the plants grow faster.A.The crust.B.The ground.C.The plane.D.The boundary.A.Two.B.Seventy.C.Seven.D.Twelve.A.The east coast of North America.B.The west coast of North America.C.The middle of the Atlantic Ocean.D.The middle of the Pacific Ocean.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today it is perfectly na
36、tural for us to shake hands when we greet someone, or say good-bye. But like so many other things we do without thinking such actions at one time probably (36) 1something else. For example, in (37) 2 life the hand was probably a symbol of power and (38) 3. The hand was used to fight enemies, kill an
37、imals and make spears and tools. So when the hand was (39) 4 to someone, it could have represented good will, since it showed that the person was not (40) 5or ready to fight. We know that the hand was an important symbol in early (41) 6, probably as a mark of power. The Greeks (42) 7to their gods wi
38、th raised hands. Presenting hands palm to palm was at one time the way an inferior person paid respect to a (43) 8. Among the Arabs, (44) 9. Later on, polite Arabs began to resist the efforts of people to kiss their hands, and sometimes they would end up clasping hands as each tried to prevent the o
39、ther from showing this mark of “inferiority“. (45) 10. The hand and what was done with it have been full of meaning to people down through the ages. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)American travele
40、rs plan to take 10 million more trips this summer than last, despite increases in hotel rates, airfare, car-rental costs and gasoline prices. Thanks to high consumer confidence, people will travel more often, stay longer and spend more money on their vacations this year. “Its going to be a record tr
41、avel season,“ says Jason Ader, a senior analyst with in vestment bank Bear, Stearns property ownership, something few blacks were able to acquire; and paying a poll tax, which was too great a burden on most Southern blacks, who were very poor. Because blacks could not vote, they were (54) 8 powerles
42、s to prevent whites from segregating all aspects of Southern life. They could do little to stop (55) 9 in public accommodations, education, economic opportunities, or housing. The ability to struggle for equality was even undermined by the (56) 10 Jim Crow signs, which constantly reminded blacks of
43、their inferior status in Southern society. Word Bank A) imposing B) common C) prevalent D) opportunities E) applaud F) virtually G) concerning H) discrimination I) techniques J) to that end K) inferior L) field M) reverse N) specially O) access （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
44、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Cloze (15 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The task of being accepted and enrolled (招收) in a university begins early for some students. Long 【B1】 they graduate from high school. These students take special 【B2】 to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinati
45、ons that test how 【B3】 prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they 【B4】 applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to 【B5】 . Some high school students may be 【B6】 to have an interview with representatives of the univer
46、sity. Neatly, 【B7】 and usually very frightened, they are 【B8】 to show that they have a good attitude and the 【B9】 to succeed. When the new students are finally 【B10】 . there may be one more step they have to 【B11】 before registering for classes and 【B12】 to work. Many colleges and universities 【B13】
47、 an orientation (情况介绍) program for new students. 【B14】 these programs, the young people get to know the 【B15】 for registration and student advising, university rules, the 【B16】 of the library and all the other 【B17】 services of the college or university. Beginning a new life in a new place can be very 【B18】 . The more knowledge students have 【B19】 the school, the easier it will be for them to 【B20】 to the new environment.
