1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 144及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Building the Civilized Campus 1大学校园里仍存在一些不文明现象 (课桌文化、逃课、偷盗自行车等 ) 2分析问题存在的原因 3提出解决建议 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer
2、 the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Superboos
3、t Your Memory I hate it when I forget where I put my car key, or the name of someone I worked with for ten years, or the title of a movie I saw last night. Its frustrating and increasingly common as I turned 50. Sound familiar? Whether it is forgotten names, misplaced keys, missed appointments or si
4、mply not being able to recall something that you know, experts say we dont have to put up with forgetfulness, and it has nothing to do with age. We can have a great memory well into our 80s and beyond, but only if you are willing to invest some time and energy. “Your memory declines with age only if
5、 its not used,“ insists Tony Buzan, a leading expert on memory, who is 61 and says his memory is better than ever. “But you have to work at it.“ The bonus? A better quality of life in your senior years. Research has shown that seniors with a sharp memory and an alert mind are more socially active an
6、d participate in a broader range of activities, which in turn helps maintain brainpower and memory in the process. Remarkable Human Capacity Buzans interest in memory was first aroused at the University of British Columbia in 1960. On the first day of classes, his English professor recited from memo
7、ry the entire class list-plus the students addresses and phone numbers. (Yes, really.) Indeed, so remarkable is the human capacity for recall that some people have trained themselves to remember the order of playing cards in ten shuffled decks (十副洗乱的牌 ), 1,000 random digits and 99 new names and face
8、s. These are the mental equivalents of superathletes, and many compete in the annual World Memory Championship. Launched by Buzan in 1991, it has become so popular that the championship has sprung up in countries everywhere. Mnemonic Techniques While most of us wont need to memorize the order of ten
9、 decks of cards, having a reliable memory is important, not only in our personal lives but professionally. So what do the memory champs know that we forgetful people dont? Mnemonics, thats what. Pronounced ne-MON-iks and rooted in Greek mythology (Mnemosyne was the goddess of memory), these are prov
10、en techniques for remembering everything, including names, lists, facts and numbers. And you dont have to be brilliant nor study for years to see the results. Once you understand the basics and use them regularly, youll be on your way to having a better memory and probably faster than you think. The
11、re are dozens of mnemonic techniques, but they all boil down to two things: imagination and association, what Buzan calls “the pillars of brain function“. Since the brain has difficulty remembering abstract symbols, like names and numbers, the key is to make them memorable by attaching vivid images
12、to them. Henry Evans, a 40-year-old owner of a busy restaurant, learned this simple lesson during a one-day memory course he took to help him remember customers names. It worked. “For example, there was one woman who kept coming in, and I could never remember ff her name was Deb or Cathy,“ says Evan
13、s. “After I took the course, I started picturing a web over her head - a web over Deb. I never forgot her name again.“ So even though one of the easiest ways to improve memory may sound obvious, its important. The most common reason healthy adults forget is that they fail to focus. Distractibility c
14、an account for memory problem no matter what your age. Working in our favor, say the experts, is the fact that the mind naturally strives to make connections between things that arent naturally associated. Harnessing this natural tendency, then exaggerating the image using your imagination so its un
15、forgettable, is the key to memory. Roman Room System One of the most popular techniques is the Roman Room System (the Romans developed their own mnemonic techniques based on Greek research). Its helpful because, after names and faces, forgetting objects is one of the biggest categories of forgetfuln
16、ess. The idea is to use the rooms in your house or sites in your neighborhood - anything you know really well - as links on which to mentally hang things you want to remember. Lets say you dont want to forget three things you need to pick up: flour, milk and bread. Picture walking through your front
17、 door and theres flour thrown all over the shoes on the rack. Proceed to your living room and imagine milk spilled on your Persian carpet. Continue down the hall and picture slices of bread glued on the wall. The more ridiculous the images, the quicker the recall. Once you have done this, take a men
18、tal walk-through of your home to help with the memorization process. Since these elaborate pictures - which you. create in seconds - have sprung from your own imagination, they are much harder to forget. The Brain Functions in Recall Process Scientists dont known for sure how the process for recall
19、occurs in the brain, but American psychologist Roger Sperry established in 1981 that two sides of the brain deal with different functions. The right side focuses on pattern recognition, music, emotion and creativity, while the left deals with order, sequence, logic and language. The study of music h
20、elps the study of math, for example, and the study of rhythm helps the study of languages. Now scientists know that the more people use both sides of their brain, the more each benefits the other. And a person with an excellent memory uses both sides of the brain. The way memory works is complex, st
21、ill an emerging science. What happens in my brain if I run into a woman in the grocery store whose name I cant recall? The experts explain: Seeing this woman activates my hippocampus, the brains command center for creating new memories. It immediately begins to form impressions based on the womans c
22、haracteristics, such as hair color, height, clothing and manners. To look for any of these same impressions, the hippocampuss neurons (神经元 ) - tiny nerve cells that act as transmitters - start connecting and activating other teams of neurons located in my cortex (大脑皮层 ),where long-term memories are
23、stored. Together they search for any stored pieces of information on the woman. If her name cant be located, other regions of cortex will be called into service. Theyll go back to my hippocampus to brainstorm together, and hopefully come up with the womans name. If they dont, its time for me to work
24、 on my memory-boosting techniques a bit more. A Few More Tips One of the most critical factors for a good memory is first believing its possible. But we tend to be psychologically self-defeating. Remembering names is the perfect example of defeatist we can be. How many times have you heard someone s
25、ay, “Im so bad with names“? Most people give up even trying to remember names because they figure they cant. The following are the tricks suggested by the memory-experts: Decide you actually want to remember someones name. Get the name right. Listen to it, look at the persons face and say the name t
26、o yourself, creating a mental connection. Remember the face and look closely for distinguishing features. If a Carol you meet has an angelic face, frame her in your mind with a halo (光环 ), or think, “Christmas Carol“ (圣诞颂歌 ). Picture the person in another setting. Imagine them on a beach or swinging
27、 from a tree. Rhyme the name, if possible. It also helps to make connections between unconnected thing. Next time you park your car in a busy lot, create an image of the surrounding environment. This will create a memorable map with your car fixed in it. Ever since I started learning about mnemonics
28、 and paying attention to what I want to remember, Ive noticed a huge improvement. I especially like to use Roman Room system, which has greatly shrunk my dependence on reminder notes. The experts are right: Its really not that hard to remember things once you know how. Sure, writing a list doesnt ta
29、ke long, but nowadays - just in seconds - Im giving my brain cells some essential exercise. 2 The purpose of this passage is to illustrate the human brains incredible capacity for memory. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Tony Buzan is the founder of the annual World Memory Championship, which has become incr
30、easingly popular over the past decade. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The author tells the story of Henry Evans imagining a web over the head of an customer to illustrate the use of a basic mnemonic technique. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 In almost every country, whenever people are asked what is the main probl
31、em with their brains, memory is their No. I answer. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Roman Room System is a most popular technique that is particularly helpful for the memory of such abstract symbols as words, names and numbers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The right side of brain deals with pattern recognition,
32、music, arts, emotion and languages, while the left deals with math, logic, sequence and order. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 One critical reason that many people find it hard to memorize names is their lack of confidence in it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In many cases, our memory declines as we grow old, but
33、 it is still possible for seniors to maintain a good memory with _. 10 Almost all mnemonic techniques for memorizing abstract symbols work on the principle of _. 11 Hippocampus, the brains command center for creating memories, plays a vital role in _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will
34、hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
35、 marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She agrees with the man. （ B） She enjoys reading the book. （ C） She has never heard of the book. （ D） She does like the book. （ A） Sam returned it. （ B） It is still with Sam. （ C） It is left in the locker. （ D） It is still with Karl. （
36、 A） She doesnt know the professor well. （ B） She doubts class will be canceled. （ C） She wants to meet the professor at the conference. （ D） She wonders if the professor will attend the conference. （ A） Sandy attends a lot of parties. （ B） Sandy has been to two parties. （ C） Sandy comes to most of t
37、heir parties. （ D） Sandy doesnt like all of their parties. （ A） Shes spending time doing accounting. （ B） She will be back home for only a few days. （ C） Shes excited about going home. （ D） Shes counting the vacation days. （ A） She is working for a newspaper now. （ B） She wants to know her superviso
38、rs opinion of her work. （ C） She wishes she had a different supervisor. （ D） She dines with her supervisor regularly. （ A） The woman will have to sleep all weekend. （ B） The woman will have to work day and night. （ C） The woman should finish the report before Sunday. （ D） The woman can rest before s
39、he begins typing. （ A） Weather forecasting is difficult. （ B） He doesnt believe weather forecast. （ C） The heat wave is going to end. （ D） Its going to be hot for a while. （ A） Sightseeing. （ B） Taking photographs. （ C） Enjoying sunshine. （ D） Diving. （ A） Biology. （ B） Photography. （ C） Swimming. （
40、 D） Painting. （ A） He would have been on a field trip. （ B） He would have been swimming and enjoying the sunshine. （ C） He would have been studying most of the time. （ D） He would have been staying in the house. （ A） The benefits of strong business competition. （ B） A proposal to lower the cost of p
41、roduction. （ C） Complaints about the expense of modernization. （ D） Suggestions concerning new business strategies. （ A） It cost much more than its worth. （ B） It should be brought up-to-date. （ C） It calls for immediate repairs. （ D） It can still be used for a long time. （ A） The personnel manager
42、should be fired for inefficiency. （ B） A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. （ C） The entire staff should be retrained. （ D） Better-educated employees should be promoted. （ A） Their competitors have long been advertising on TV. （ B） TV commercials are less expensive. （ C） Adve
43、rtising in newspapers alone is not sufficient. （ D） TV commercials attract more investments. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
44、question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because the LIN wanted to increase the water use in the world. （ B） Because the UN wanted to attract peoples attention to the water problems. （ C） Because the UN estimated that fresh water would be used up by
45、2025. （ D） Because the UN estimated that the environment might be damaged within a few years. （ A） More than 70 million. （ B） More than 2000 million. （ C） More than 1000 million. （ D） More than 6000 million. （ A） To reduce half of the number of people who lack safe drinking water by 2015. （ B） To ma
46、intain sustainable development of South Africa till 2015. （ C） To release a report on water development and water problems in the world. （ D） To arouse political desire to meet future water demands. （ A） To improve the intelligence level of the nation. （ B） To improve the English language teaching i
47、n American schools. （ C） To promote the foreign language teaching in American schools. （ D） To promote the cooperation of the department of Education and Defense. （ A） Because children may use less money in foreign language learning. （ B） Because children may serve in the government in tile future.
48、（ C） Because children may speak a foreign language better than adults. （ D） Because children may learn a foreign language more easily than adults. （ A） Sending more American students to other countries to study their languages. （ B） Hiring more foreign language teaching assistants in American school
49、s. （ C） Starting earlier foreign language teaching in American elementary schools. （ D） Investing more money in studying the teaching methods of foreign languages. （ A） It means to take a risk to save the giraffes(长颈鹿 ) lives. （ B） It means to take a risk for the welfare of other people. （ C） It means m search everywhere for the benefit for oneself. （ D） It means to search for the good examples for others to follow. （ A） Because of his contribution to th
