1、大学英语四级 163及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Wealth and Health. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1) 有人认为财富比健康重要 2) 也有人认为健康比财富重要 3) 你的观点是 （分数：30.00）_二、R
2、eading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)First Impressions Count Traditionally uniforms were-and for some industries still are-manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense-those for the military, for example, were originally int
3、ended to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms denoted a hierarchy-chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he supervised. The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing emphasis on their role in projecting the image of an organiza
4、tion and in uniting the workforce into a homogeneous unit-particularly in customer facing industries, and especially in financial services and retailing. From uniforms and workwear has emerged corporate clothing. “The people you employ are your ambassadors,“ says Peter Griffin, managing director of
5、a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is terribly important.“ The result is a new way of looking at corporate workwear. From being a simple means of identifying who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication. Tru
6、ly effective marketing through visual cues such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. Wittingly or unwittingly, how we look sends all sorts of powerful subliminal messages to other people. Dark colours give an aura of authority while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style
7、 creates a sense of conservatism, others a sense of openness to new ideas. Neatness can suggest efficiency but, if it is overdone, it can spill over and indicate an obsession with power. “If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must
8、 be stylish. If it wants to appear innovative, everybody cant look exactly the same. Subliminally we see all these things,“ says Lynn Elvy, a director of image consultants House of Colour. But translating corporate philosophies into the right mix of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity c
9、an be a fraught process. And it is Not always successful. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 account for 85% of total sales 380 million in 1994. A successful uniform needs to balance two key sets of need
10、s. On the one hand. No uniform will work if staff feels uncomfortable or ugly. Giving the wearers a choice has become a key element in the way corporate clothing is introduced and managed. On the other, it is pointless if the look doesnt express the businesss marketing strategy. The greatest challen
11、ge in this respect is time. When it comes to human perceptions, first impressions count. Customers will size up the way staff look in just a few second, and that few seconds will colour their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to invest year
12、s, and millions of pounds, getting them right. In addition, some uniform companies also offer rental services. “There will be an increasing specialization in the marketplace,“ predicts Mr. Blyth, Customer Services Manager of a large UK bank. The past two or three years have seen consolidation. Incre
13、asingly, the big suppliers are becoming “managing agents“, which means they offer a total service to put together the whole complex operation of a companys corporate clothing package-which includes reliable sourcing, managing the inventory, budget control and distribution to either central locations
14、 or to each staff member individually. Huge investments have been made in new systems, information technology and amassing quality assurance accreditations. Corporate clothing does have potential for further growth. Some banks have yet to introduce a full corporate look; police forces are researchin
15、g a complete new look for the 21st century. And many employees now welcome a company wardrobe. A recent survey of staff found that 90 per cent welcomed having clothing which reflected the corporate identity. （分数：71.00）(1).Uniforms were more carefully made in the past than they are today.（分数：7.10）A.Y
16、B.NC.NG(2).Uniforms make employees feel part of a team.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Using uniforms as a marketing tool requires great care.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Being too smart could have a negative impact on customs.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Most businesses that supply company clothing are successful.（分数：7
17、.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Uniforms are best selected by marketing consultants.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Clothing companies are planning to offer financial services in the future.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).At the beginning, it is a simple means of identifying who is a member of staff, now the uniform becomes a _.（分
18、数：7.10）_(9).The first impressions are so important that the big companies prepare to invest years and_ in order to get them right.（分数：7.10）_(10).A recent survey of staff showed that 90 percent would like to have uniforms which reflected_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.At the depar
19、tment store.B.At the office.C.In the restaurant.D.In the drug store.A.He is upset.B.He is disappointed.C.He is confident.D.He is worried.A.Its too high.B.Its acceptable.C.Its cheap indeed.D.The woman should have bargained for it.A.At two oclock.B.At three oclock.C.At four oclock.D.At five oclock.A.S
20、hop assistant and customer.B.Post clerk and customer.C.Store keeper and customer.D.Waitress and customer.A.To park the car.B.To take pictures.C.To take her to the park.D.To have a look at the sight.A.His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.B.He was together with her girlfrien
21、d yesterday.C.He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.D.He brought his girlfriend to the party.A.She regretted having bought the second -hand car.B.It is unnecessary to rent another house.C.They should sell their second - hand car and buy a new one.D.They can afford a second - hand car.四、S
22、ection B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Go to summer school.B.Take a vacation.C.Stay at home.D.Earn some money.A.They hired someone to stay in their home.B.They left their pets with neighbors.C.They rented their house to a student.D.They asked their gardener to watch their home.A.Walking the dog.B.Cutting the gra
23、ss.C.Watching the children.D.Feeding the fish.A.They attend a house-sitters party.B.They interview a house-sitters friends.C.They check a house-sitters references.D.They look at a house-sitters transcripts.A.He is waiting for his favorite program.B.He is not getting on well with his roommate.C.He is
24、 relieving his study pressure.D.He is waiting for the woman.A.Because he didnt do well last time.B.Because he is usually busy.C.Because he doesnt know what he got last time.D.Because he isnt familiar with the woman.A.He thinks it is too late.B.He doesnt want to make her important.C.He doesnt know he
25、r well.D.He doesnt believe she is good at math.A.She is sure that Elizabeth is free.B.She is sure that this call can help Elizabeth review.C.Elizabeth owes her a big favor.D.Elizabeth is always ready to help others.A.A horse.B.Money.C.The judge.D.The stable.A.He decided the case from the appearances
26、 of the prince and the beggar.B.He beat the beggar violently.C.He took the prince and the beggar to the stable next morning and asked them to recognize the horse.D.He rejected the case.A.Because he hated the beggar.B.Because the horse recognized the prince as its owner.C.Because he thought the princ
27、e was rich and therefore should own a horse.D.No reason at all.A.Unbelieving.B.Doubtful.C.Admiring.D.Negative.A.It is a good place to land at by aeroplane.B.It is a good place to fly over.C.It is a good place to travel to by land.D.It is a good place to live at.A.Because there planes fly higher than
28、 at the equator.B.Because there the eyes can reach about 4,000 metres.C.Because there planes are clear of bad weather.D.Because there planes fly more quickly than at the equator.A.In warm air.B.In cold air.C.When it reaches the polar region.D.Only when the clouds are down low.A.A researcher.B.A coll
29、ege professor.C.A technician.D.A writer.A.The book was outdated.B.The book sold many copies.C.The book was praised by critics.D.The book became more popular than her other books.A.The book is an attack on the use of chemical preservations in food.B.The book is a discussion of the hazards insects bri
30、ng to the food supply.C.The book is a warning about the dangers of misusing insecticides.D.The book is an illustration of the benefits of the chemical industry.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its never too early to (36) 1your skin-or your childrens-from the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays- (38) 3 A (UV
31、A. and (39) 4B (UVB. -that can cause short-and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (40) 5- (41) 6, photosensitive (42) 7, and cell and (43) 8damage-are bad enough. But medical experts believe that (44) 9.Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10.U
32、sing sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the suns rays on the skin. (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the suns rays. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
33、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey“ spoken instructions some time bef
34、ore they can speak, though the word “obey“ is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the n
35、oises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative(标示的)of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot
36、 be said to show the babys intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation (自我模仿) leads on
37、 to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arisen so to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person m
38、eans by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at say seven months, of “mama“ as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply Because he also uses it at other t
39、imes for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful(顽皮的) and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new s
40、ounds. （分数：177.50）(1).Children who start speaking late _.（分数：35.50）A.may have problems with their hearingB.usually pay close attention to what they hearC.often take a long time in learning, to listen properlyD.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them(2).According to the second paragra
41、ph, a babys first noises are _.（分数：35.50）A.a sign that he means to tell you somethingB.a reflection of his moods and feelingsC.an imitation of the spoken of adultsD.an early form of language(3).The problem Of deciding at what point a babys imitations can be considered as speech _.（分数：35.50）A.is not
42、especially important because tile change takes place graduallyB.is important because words have different meanings for different peopleC.is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with ageD.is one that should be completely ignored because childrens use of words
43、 in often meaningless(4).It is implied in the passage that _.（分数：35.50）A.parents can never hope to teach their children new soundsB.children no longer imitate people after they being to speakC.even after they have learnt to speak children still enjoy imitatingD.children who are good at imitating lea
44、rn new words more quickly(5).It can be inferred from the passage that when a 7-month baby calls his or her mother “mama“ _.（分数：35.50）A.he probably has known that mother should be called in this wayB.he probably does not know the sound Stands for “mother“C.he probably has already known the meaning of
45、 mamaD.it is the first meaningful sound pronounced by himIris Rossner has seen eastern German customers weep for joy when they drive away in shiny, new MercedesBenz sedans. “They have tears in their eyes and keep saying how lucky they are,“ says Rossner, the Mercedes employee responsible for post-de
46、livery celebrations. Rossner has also seen the French pop corks on bottles of champagne as their national flag was hoisted above a purchase and she has seen American business executives, Japanese tourists and Russian politicians travel thousands of miles to a Mercedes plant in southwestern Germany w
47、hen a classic sedan with the tradermark three-pointed star was about to roll off the assembly line and into their lives. Those were the good old days at Mercedes, an era that began during the economic miracle of the 1960s and ended in 1991. Times have changed. “Ten years ago, we had clear leadership in the market,“ says Mercedes spokesman Horst Krambeer, “But over this period, the market has changed drastically. We are now in a pitched battle. The Japanese are partly responsible, but Mercedes has had to learn the hard way that
