1、大学英语四级 245 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on a Gap Year. You should write no more than 220 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 有人认为大学生
2、在读期间应休学实习一年(to have a gap year)，以获取相关的工作经验； 2. 也有人持不同的意见； 3. 我的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Green Wave Washed Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers“ continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that politic
3、ians who claim environ mentalism is yesterdays issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood. A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave“ has sw
4、ept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical“ concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies w
5、ill have to be more honest and open in response to this mood. Mintels survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 per cent in 1990 to around 60 per cent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13
6、per cent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44. Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of gree
7、n spenders among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, and image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society h
8、as virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not gone off the boil. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range o
9、f consumer groups, ages and occupations. Mintels 1994 survey found that 13 per cent of consumers are “very dark green“, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 per cent are “dark green“, trying “as far as possible“ to buy such products, and 21 per cent are “pale green“tending to b
10、uy green products if they see them. Another 26 per cent are “armchair greens“; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 per cent say they do not care about green issues. Four in ten people are “ethical spenders“, buying goods whi
11、ch do Not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of armchair ethicals has risen from 28 to 35 per cent and only 22 per cent say they are unconcerned now, against 30 per cent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first centu
12、ry, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers. Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue 48 pe
13、r cent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animalsfollowed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factory farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, sugg
14、esting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda. （分数：71.00）(1).The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying green.（分数：7.10）A.YB.N
15、C.NG(3).The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Consumers green shopping habits are influenced by Mintels findings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Mintel have limited their investigation to professional and
16、 managerial groups.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).people will buy any products under the name of green.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Between 1990 and 1994, 1and 2who spend on green food increased much.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).In the past people
17、described those who take a fancy of green products as 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).The amount of people who concerned about the environmental issues related to products now is 1 those of people in 1990.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She is underpaid.B.She wants a higher salary.C.S
18、he expresses here idea directly.D.Her boss permitted to give her a raise.A.Teacher and student.B.Boss and clerk.C.Lawyer and client.D.Two colleagues.A.In a restaurant.B.In a supermarket.C.At an office.D.At home.A.He wants to go to the conference.B.He wants to be welcome.C.He want to see Mr. Jackson.
19、D.He wants to cancel the appointment.A.Secretary and boss.B.Student and teacher.C.Customer and shop-assistant.D.Interviewer and interviewee.A.It isnt small and young.B.It has good workers.C.It has a good future.D.He likes the company.A.The man wasnt a US citizen.B.The business company accepted the m
20、an.C.The man could not present sufficient credentials.D.The man was a very impressive person.A.He has to have the job.B.He likes difficulties.C.He is afraid of the projects.D.He was frightened.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The womans husband.B.The owner of the apartment.C.The apartment manager.D.The
21、tenant who occupies the apartment now.A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.A.Because she thought the apartment was too small.B.Because it was the first apartment she had seen.C.Because her husband had not seen it.D.Because the rent was too high.A.This evening.B.Tonight.C.Sometime next week.D.Tomorrow.A.How to
22、 deposit money.B.How to write a cheque.C.How to calculate the interest rate.D.How to open a current account.A.In the top right-hand comer.B.In the box printed on the cheque.C.On the right-hand bottom line.D.On the back of the cheque.A.In words.B.In numbers.C.Both in words and in numbers.D.In none of
23、 the above ways.A.On the side of England.B.On the side of France.C.On the side of the United States.D.On the side of themselves.A.At the beginning of the war.B.At the end of the war.C.In the middle of the war.D.It isnt mentioned in the passage.A.The English won many early battles.B.The French outlas
24、ted the English.C.In the war, the French expanded southward into Virginia.D.Both generals on the two sides were killed in the battle.A.It was difficult to collect.B.It was difficult to get rid of.C.It came in a variety of forms.D.It tended to be absorbed by physical objects.A.The heat is supplied by
25、 human bodies only.B.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.C.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.D.The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.A.Two.B.Four.C.Six.D.None.A.A thin female who do
26、es not study.B.A fat female who studies hard.C.A thin male who does not study.D.A fat male who studies hard.A.To regain their memory.B.To show off their wealth.C.To feel good.D.To be different from others.A.To play games with them.B.To send them to the hospital.C.To make them aware of its harmfulnes
27、s.D.To help solve their psychological problem.A.They are fond of round-the-world trips.B.They are likely to commit crimes.C.They are mostly from broken families.D.They need care and affection.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I am amazed at some of the statements made concerning Greg Louganiss decision not
28、 to (36) 1 the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) 2 word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still dont have a (38) 3 concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (3
29、9) 4 fear for their own well-being when (40) 5 with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) 6 of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) 7 in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) 8 wh
30、o dont know their HIV status. (44) 9. That means (45) 10. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) 11.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)One of the most exciting features of the Digital Divide
31、 Network website is the ability for every DDN member to have a personal blog(网络日志). Blogs contain journal entries written by the author, whos referred to as a blogger. Most blogs display the most recent entry at the top of the Web page, with previous entries below that in reverse chronological order
32、. Blogging has revolutionized Internet publishing in the last several years because it gives everyone with Internet access the opportunity to become an online writer. Whether they want to talk about culture, politics, the Internet or their favorite hobbies, bloggers have popped up everywhere. Expert
33、s estimate there are at least five million blogs online today, and every day, thousands of people become bloggers for the first time. Bloggers have different reasons for creating a blog. Some bloggers just like to generate debate. Others use blogging as civic journalists, writing news stories you mi
34、ght otherwise not see in mainstream media. Organizations often use blogs to publish newsletters, or share resources with their colleagues. Even students blog to publish their classroom writings online for peer review. But generally, most people blog because they feel they have something important to
35、 say, and are empowered by expressing themselves over the Internet. Whether its a casual hobby or an intense avocation, blogging is a wonderful way to share your ideas with others. There are a variety of blogging tools available to the public. Many of them are fee-based services, while others are fr
36、ee but require the inclusion of advertising on your blog, or require a high amount of technical expertise. Because of this, we decided to create a blogging tool that would allow members of the Digital Divide Network to create their own blogs with an easy-to-use interface thats free of advertising. A
37、s youll see, our blogging tool is designed for beginners, but experienced bloggers may use it to “mirror“ their existing blogs on the Digital Divide Network. （分数：177.50）(1).How the entries of the blogs are arranged?（分数：35.50）A.In chronological order.B.In the order of importance.C.According the numbe
38、r of browsing (浏览).D.The older entries are at the bottom of the Web page.(2).Why blogs are increasingly popular among the online user according to the passage?（分数：35.50）A.Because people can express themselves freely in their blogs.B.Because blogs are more reliable than the news in the mainstream med
39、ia.C.Because many surfers want to be a online writer.D.Because blogs are vigorously publicized by the experts.(3).What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?（分数：35.50）A.To discuss the impact of blogs on our society.B.To promote a new bogging tool.C.To introduce several kinds of blogging too
40、l.D.To instruct how to write ones personal blog.(4).According to the last paragraph, what is the authors opinion of many blogging tools?（分数：35.50）A.They include many high technologies.B.They are satisfactory through very expensive.C.They are not available to the ordinary people.D.They are charged, d
41、ifficult to use and with advertising added.(5).What kind of people is “our blog tool“ aimed at?（分数：35.50）A.Both beginners and experienced bloggers.B.Beginners only.C.Those who surf the Internet daily.D.Those who are good at Internet writing.Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from
42、 a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection (the echo), you can es
43、timate the distance to an obstruction. During World War I1 the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds
44、. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised (袭击). It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RA
45、F planes and distance to send them ( their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined. （分数：177.50）(1).Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate_.（分数：35.50）A.height of the hillB.speed of soundC.d
46、istance of the hillD.intensity of sound(2).The estimate is based on the_.（分数：35.50）A.direction of the hillB.accepted speed of soundC.interval between sound and echoD.both B and C(3).Practical application of this principle resulted in _.（分数：35.50）A.new electronic instruments for planesB.new radio set
47、s for RAF bombersC.an electronic detecting deviceD.a radio directing and ranging device(4).Radar enabled the English _.（分数：35.50）A.detect German planes on their way to LondonB.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectivelyC.confuse German bomber pilotsD.both A and B(5).The British used radio waves be
48、cause they_.（分数：35.50）A.were more exact than sound wavesB.could not be detectedC.could penetrate fog and cloudsD.were easier to use than sound waves八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Biotechnology is the name that has been given to a very wide range of agricultural, industrial and medical technologies that make use of living (47) 1 (e.g., plants or animals) or parts of living organisms to provide new products and services. Biotechnologys (48) 2 lie in the ancient crafts of brewing(酿造), baking and
