1、大学英语四级 264 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.What do you think about the future of earth? Are you pessimistic, or optimistic? Give your opinions on A Hundred Years from Now in a passage of about 120 words. 1. Some people are pessimistic when they think about the fut
2、ure. 2. Other people believe that man adapts very easily. 3. If we are to have a bright future, we have to take measures now. （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Whats Happening While Sleeping? Sleep is very important to humans. The average person spends 220,000 hours of a lifetime slee
3、ping. Until about thirty years ago, no one knew much about sleep. Then doctors and scientists began doing research in sleep laboratories. They have learned a great deal by studying people as they sleep, but there is still much they dont understand. Scientists study the body characteristics that chan
4、ge during sleep, such as body temperature, brain waves, blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat. They also study rapid eye movement (REM). These scientists have learned that there is a kind of sleep with REM and another kind with no rapid eye movement (NREM). NREM is divided into three stages. In s
5、tage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floating feeling. A sudden noise can wake you up. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you. In stage three, which you reach in less than thirty minutes, the brain waves are less active and stretched out.
6、Then, within another half hour, you reach REM sleep. This stage might last an hour and a half and is the time when you dream. For the rest of the night, REM and NREM alternate. Body movement during sleep occurs just before the REM stage. The average person moves about thirty times during sleep each
7、night. Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. It is never actually blank. The things that were on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams, which people have been discussing for centuries. At times people believed that dreams had magical power
8、s or that they could tell the future. Sometimes dreams are terrifying, but they are usually a collection of scattered, confused thoughts. If you dream about something that is worrying you, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a rapid heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects on our lives. Dur
9、ing a dream, the brain may concentrate on a problem and look for different solutions. Also, people who dream during a good night s sleep are more likely to remember newly learned skills. In other words, you learn better if you dream. Researchers say that normal people may have four or five REM perio
10、ds of dreaming a night. The first one may begin only a half hour after falling asleep. Each period of dreaming is a little longer, the last one lasting up to an hour. Dreams also become more intense as the night continues. Nightmares usually occur toward dawn. People dream in color, but many dont re
11、member the colors. Certain people can control some of their dreams. They make sure they have a happy ending. Some people get relief from bad dreams by writing them down and then changing the negative stories or thoughts into positive ones on the written paper. Then they study the paper before they g
12、o to sleep again. Many people talk in their sleep, but it is usually just confusing half sentences. They might feel embarrassed when someone tells them they were talking in their sleep, but they probably didnt tell any secrets. Sleepwalking is most common among children. They usually grow out of it
13、by the time they become adolescents. Children don t remember that they were walking in their sleep, and they don t usually wake up if the parent leads them back to bed. Some people have the habit of grinding their teeth while they sleep. They wake up with a sore jaw or a headache, and they can also
14、damage their teeth. Researchers don t know why people talk, walk, or grind their teeth while they are asleep. There are lots of jokes about snoring, but it isn t really funny. People snore because they have trouble breathing while asleep. Some snorers have a condition called sleep apnea (呼吸暂停). They
15、 stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour because the throat muscles relax too much and block the airway. Then they breathe in some air and start snoring. This is a dangerous condition because, if the brain is without oxygen for 4 minutes, there will be permanent brain damage. Sleep apnea
16、can also cause irregular heartbeat, a general lack of energy, and high blood pressure. Most people need 7.5 to 8.5 hours of sleep a night, but this varies with individuals. Babies sleep eighteen hours, and old people need less sleep than younger people. If someone continually sleeps longer than norm
17、al for no apparent reason, there must be something physically or psychologically wrong. You cannot save hours of sleep the way you save money in the bank. If you have only 5 hours of sleep for three nights, you don t need to sleep an extra 9 hours on the weekend. And it doesn t do any good to sleep
18、extra hours ahead of time when you know you will have to stay up late. What should you do if you have trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they are habit-forming. If you take them for several weeks, it is hard to stop taking them. Doctors say the best
19、 thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a good and healthy rhythm in your life. Caffeine keeps people awake, so don t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have troubl
20、e sleeping if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. Eat earlier in the evening. You may also have trouble steeping if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is when you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax them. Continue up the b
21、ody, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. Then remember some pleasant experience you had and relive it. If you are thinking about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about
22、 it. That will help take it off your mind. You can also get up and read or watch television. Be sure to choose a book or show that is not too exciting, or you may get so interested that you won t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. （分数：71.00）(1).This passage is mainly about the dreams and
23、 sleeping problems that we may have during sleep. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The third stage of NREM is the time when you dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).One s brain becomes blank when he or she doesnt have a dream. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Emotional people tend to have more dreams. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).P
24、arents are not supposed to lead their sleepwalking children back to bed because that will wake them up. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Relaxed throat muscles block the airway of a sleeping person and leads to his/her snoring. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).When one knows that he or she has to stay up late in the ev
25、ening, he or she should sleep extra hours ahead of it. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Some people can make sure these dreams have _ by controlling some of their dreams. （分数：7.10）_(9).A lack of oxygen for the brain for 4 minutes will cause _. （分数：7.10）_(10).According to doctors, the best solution to sleeping
26、 problems is to try to _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He will return the following week.B.He will be back immediately after the holiday.C.He will come back for the holiday.D.He will begin his vacation next week.A.The speakers are bothered by the smoke.B.The man complains the sm
27、oke in the room.C.The room is very hot.D.The woman is bothered by the smoke.A.In the living room.B.In the bedroom.C.In the garden.D.In the garage.A.$10.00.B.$6.00.C.$20.00.D.$4.00.A.In a mill.B.In a bank.C.In an airport.D.In a post office.A.He was late.B.He is hoping for a promotion.C.He is a new em
28、ployee.D.The boss usually leaves messages for him.A.The Best of Jazz.B.Christmas Carols.C.Rock Music Collection.D.Classical Favorites.A.She doesnt like to go shopping.B.She went shopping yesterday.C.She doesnt live near the shops.D.She prefers shopping to studying.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The el
29、ection for senator.B.The election for treasurer.C.The election for secretary.D.The election for president.A.Theyre competing against each other in an election.B.The man is writing the womans speech.C.The man is interviewing the woman.D.The woman is planning the mans campaign.A.Make posters.B.Write a
30、 speech.C.Answer questions.D.Study chemistry.A.Compare their lecture notes.B.Give a speech at school canteen.C.Prepare questions to be asked.D.Vote in the school election.A.Westerns.B.Funny stories.C.Love stories.D.Documentaries of outdoors.A.$12.B.$15.C.$25.D.$2.5.A.She can take it right now.B.She
31、can take it as soon as possible.C.She can take it when she brings her first videos back.D.She can take it as soon as she pays the membership fee.A.To see what would happen if the plane exploded in the water.B.To see how much air passengers need to breathe at certain altitudes.C.To find out if there
32、are any weak parts that would burst under pressure.D.To find out how much air can be pumped into a plane.A.Because there would be less damage when the plane explodes under water.B.Because the pressure of water is always smaller than that of air.C.Because this is the only way to find out which part h
33、as cracked.D.Because some parts of a plane are more likely to crack in water than in the air.A.When the plane is in danger.B.During test flights in the air.C.When all the engines suddenly go wrong.D.During test flights in the lab.A.The test pilot may lose his life.B.The plane falls down like a stone
34、.C.The test is made at extremely high altitudes.D.The engines are not in working order.A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resources.C.The destruction of oil wells.D.The spread of the black powder from the fires.A.The underground oil resources have not been
35、 affected.B.The underground water resources have not been polluted.C.The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.A.To restore the normal production of the oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C.To remove the oi
36、l left on the surface of the desert.D.To use the oil left in the oil lakes.A.Burning oil will need black powder detectors.B.A new environmental problem will arise from burning the oil.C.Black powder detectors are useful machines in cleaning up the gases.D.Residents near the oil lakes will breathe mo
37、re oil vapors.A.To be excused.B.To be a free man in the prison.C.To be helped out of the prison.D.To explain the mistakes he had made.A.Taking the key from the guard secretly.B.Killing the guard to take the key.C.Waking the guard up to ask for his help.D.Stealing the gun from the guard.A.Getting som
38、e food for the guard.B.Opening the door from the outside.C.Getting the key and opening the door.D.Escaping from the prison.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Saving money is the primary way to prepare for the s of college. Setting (36) 1a certain amount of money every month or each payday will help build up
39、 a fund for college. If you and your child begin (37) 2early, the amount you have to set each month will be smaller. In order to set up a s (38) 3, youll need to think about where your child might attend college, how much that type of college might (39) 4, and how much you can afford to save. Keep i
40、n mind that colleges of the same type have a (40) 5of s and your child may be able to attend one that is less (41) 6. You can also pay part of the s from your earnings while your child is (42) 7school. In addition, some federal, state, or other student financial aid may be (43) 8, including loans to
41、 you and to your child. Finally, during the school year or during the summer, (44) 9. You will also want to think about what kind of s instrument to use or what kind of investment to make. By putting your money in some kind of s instrument or investment, (45) 10. Interest refers to the amount that y
42、our money earns when it is kept in a s instrument. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Cheating is nothing new. But today, education and administrations are finding that instances of academic dishonest
43、y on the part of students have become more frequentand are less likely to be punishedthan in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike. Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values
44、among todays youth. Others have attributed increased cheating on the fact that todays youth are far more pragmatic(实际的)than their idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, todays students feel great pressure
45、to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some s
46、aid, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,“ said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. “Theres an underlying fear. If you dont do well, you life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. Its almost
47、 as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals,“ Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teacher have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English Department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,“ Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers give Short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts the
