1、专业英语四级-264及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Atheoretical Bdistinction Cfocusing Dmaintains Econcentrate Fcentral Gjustifying Hemerged IForethoughtful Jprominent Kpreoccupation Lpromiscuous MForemost Nanalysts Ocritics Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modem bent 1 during the 18th
2、 century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the sublime, and representationa trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. Since that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever mor
3、e 2 and has begun to supplant the philosophy of nature. Various issues 3 to the philosophy of art have had a marked impact on the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics. 4 among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and to the 5 between representation and expression. Still another
4、 far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing 6 positions have been taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, whereas the other 7 that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole iss
5、ue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing 8 with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, 9 have followed either of two approaches. In one, criticism is res
6、tricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art. In the other, it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to 10 a particular way of perceiving it.（分数：25.00）Ainstincts Bsupplied Ctedious Dimplements Econtemplate Ftaken for granted Gviolence Hregard Ienergy Jp
7、rogress Koutrageous Limposes Mimprovement Nacute Ostrict In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be 11 as a means of solving differences that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man 12 his rule by brute force; there are countries where th
8、e black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of 13 as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fi
9、lls you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual 14 at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our 15 remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that 16 documentation of violence, has taught us
10、 absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more 17 . The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light when we dismally 18 the smoking ruins and wonder what hits us. The truly reasonable men who know w
11、here the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently 19 things as law enforcement. If half the 20 that goes into violent acts were put into good use, if our efforts were foc
12、used on cleaning up the slums and ghettos, on improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not go a long way to arriving at a solution.（分数：25.00）Aguessed Bmoved away Cto Dabundant Eassumed Fupon Gignorant Henormous Iroot Jinstruments Kimpartiality Lobvious Mcea
13、sed Nswept away Oilliterate The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American libertynot the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took 21 and have continued to grow. To this extent
14、 the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed 22 us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not 23 entirely-after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its 24
15、value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate 25 of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was 26 that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a jurors impartiality. At that time, wh
16、en means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were 27 and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of 28 , but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror m
17、ust be 29 of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally 30 long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the sy
18、stem.（分数：25.00）Afrequently Badolescence Cseparate Dcomplexion Eunformed Fset Ggenealogy Happearance Icommonly Jsingle Kalike Lpopulated Mproduced Nstartling Ogenetics Perhaps the most 31 theory to come out of kinetics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He belie
19、ves that physical 32 is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our lookswe are not born with them. A baby has generally 33 facial features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those aroundfamily and friends. This helps explain why the peop
20、le of some regions of the United States look so much 34 . New Englanders or Southerners have certain similar facial characteristics that cannot be explained by 35 . The exact shape of the mouth is not 36 at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after per
21、manent teeth are set. For many, this can be well into 37 . A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a(an) 38 country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United
22、States, for example, the South is the part of the country where people smile most 39 . In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York state still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than peop
23、le on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. People in densely 40 urban areas also tend to smile and greet each other in public less than people in rural areas and small towns do.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-264答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Atheoretical Bdistinction Cfocusing Dmaintains Econc
24、entrate Fcentral Gjustifying Hemerged IForethoughtful Jprominent Kpreoccupation Lpromiscuous MForemost Nanalysts Ocritics Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modem bent 1 during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural bea
25、uty, the sublime, and representationa trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. Since that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more 2 and has begun to supplant the philosophy of nature. Various issues 3 to the philosophy of art have had a mark
26、ed impact on the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics. 4 among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and to the 5 between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two opposing 6 positions have been taken on this issue: o
27、ne holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, whereas the other 7 that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an incre
28、asing 8 with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, 9 have followed either of two approaches. In one, criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art. In the other, it is devoted to articulating the re
29、sponse to the aesthetic object and to 10 a particular way of perceiving it.（分数：25.00）解析：H 考点 考查动词。 bent原意为“弯曲的；决心的”，在这里表示“分歧，争端”的意思，结合全文主旨可推测本句意思为“18世纪美学思想开始出现明显的分歧”，由此可知，空格处所填单词具有“出现，浮现，兴起”的意思，故选H项，emerged意为“出现，浮现，显露”。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词，选项中J项prominent意为“突出的，杰出的”；L项promiscuous意为“混杂的，杂乱
30、的”。根据本句中的however可知，西方哲学家关注的重点由自然哲学转向了艺术哲学，因此艺术哲学应该是变得更加“突出”，所以答案为J项prominent。解析：F 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“对艺术哲学来说各种 -|_|-问题给20世纪的美学倾向带来了显著的影响”。分析句子结构可知， -|_|- to the philosophy of art作后置定语修饰主语issues，因此空格处应填形容词、动名词或者动词的过去分词。A项theoretical“理论上的”和L项promiscuous“混杂的，杂乱的”，与题意不符；C项focusing和G项justifying都不能和介词to搭配，故排除
31、；F项central意为“中心的，主要的”，be central to为固定搭配，意为“对极为重要”，在这里表示这些问题与艺术哲学之间有着极为重要的关系，故答案选F。解析：M 考点 考查形容词。 根据下文Still another far-reaching question(另一个影响深远的问题)可知，此处的问题也有深远的意义，因此只有M项Foremost符合题意，foremost意为“最重要的”；I项Forethoughtful意为“深谋远虑的，有先见之明的”，不符合题意，故排除。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“其中最重要的问题是关于将艺术作为形式的理论以及表现和表达之间的 -|_|-
32、”，由下文Two opposing.positions.可知，这里表达的应是“表现和表达之间的对比区分”，故空格处应填B项，distinction意为“区别，差别”。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 句中take.positions on.为固定搭配，意为“在问题上采取态度/姿态”，该句意为“在这个问题上人们持有两种完全对立的 -|_|-观点”，由上文的the theory of art.可知，本文主要讨论了美学思想以及围绕它的各种争论，而这些争论应建立在假设的理论基础上，故本题答案为A项，theoretical意为“理论(上)的；推理的”。解析：D 考点 考查动词。 前文说到在这个问题上人们持有
33、两种完全对立的理论观点，此句上半部分提到一部分人的观点，下半句又说到另一部分人的观点。由此句的句型可知，空格处所填单词应与前面的holds时态和数一致且意思也相近，表示支持某观点的意思，故答案选D项，maintains意为“坚持认为；维持”。解析：K 考点 考查名词。 根据上句中的one of the basic concerns of aesthetics和该句前半部分的also可知，art as the prime object of critical judgment也是人们很关注的一种事物。K项preoccupation意为“全神贯注，入神”，preoccupation with为固定
34、搭配，意为“对很关注”，故选K。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 上一句说到最近几年艺术已经逐渐成为人们首要的批判对象，由此推知此句的意思为“与现代美学思想的趋势相一致， -|_|-已经遵循两种方法中的任一方法”，由句意和下文出现的criticism可知，此处的主语应该是评论家，O项critics“评论家，批评者”符合题意，故为答案。解析：G 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“它致力于表达人们对审美对象的反应，以及 -|_|-感知这一物体的一种特定方式是恰当的”。and连接的articulating the response to.和 -|_|-a particular way.为并列关系，都与devot
35、ed相呼应，因此在形式上要保持一致，故本题选G项justifying“证明有理；辩护”。Ainstincts Bsupplied Ctedious Dimplements Econtemplate Ftaken for granted Gviolence Hregard Ienergy Jprogress Koutrageous Limposes Mimprovement Nacute Ostrict In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be 11 as a means of so
36、lving differences that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man 12 his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reas
37、onable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of 13 as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual 14 at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-p
38、aint, but our 15 remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that 16 documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more 17 . The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the sufferin
39、g mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light when we dismally 18 the smoking ruins and wonder what hits us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they
40、 advocate such apparently 19 things as law enforcement. If half the 20 that goes into violent acts were put into good use, if our efforts were focused on cleaning up the slums and ghettos, on improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not go a long way to arr
41、iving at a solution.（分数：25.00）解析：F 考点 考查动词。短语 本句意为“种族歧视在一些国家尤为明显，暴力一直 -|_|-是解决分歧的措施以至于人们从来没有质疑过”，结合上下文可知，空格处所填单词应为“被认为，公认”的意思。F项taken for granted是take.for granted的被动语态，为固定搭配，意为“认为理所当然”，强调事情的普遍性，符合原文的语境，故选F项。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 本句句意为“在一些国家，白种人通过武力来 -|_|-他们的规则；在一些国家，黑人纷纷表示抗议，他们在城市无情纵火，打家劫舍。”此处是列举有关种族偏见的典型例子
42、，即白人通过武力将自己的规则“强加”给其他种族的人，而不能说是“执行”，故选L项，imposes意为“把强加于”；D项implements意为“执行，实施”，不符合题意，故排除。解析：G 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“两方的一些重要人物，在其他方面都是通情达理的人，但却站出来平静地拥护 -|_|-，就好像它和其他行为一样，是合法的解决方式”，由上下文可知，文章讨论了暴力解决种族矛盾的问题，一些通情达理的人在这个问题上也难免走向极端，故空格处所填词应为“暴力”的意思，所以选G项，violence意为“暴力”。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 根据前面的actual可知，空格处应填名词。该句意为“让人真正
43、感到惊恐和绝望的是意识到在关键问题上，我们没有取得一点实际的 -|_|-。”M项improvement意为“改进，改善”；J项progress意为“进展，进步”，make progress为固定词组，意为“取得进步、进展”，make no progress为其否定形式，意为“没有取得进展”，因此答案选J。解析：A 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“我们或许穿西装、打领带，不再用颜料涂满身体，但是我们的 -|_|-并没有改变”，根据句意猜测，空格处所填名词应表示人物的内在特征，与前面西装和领带所代表的“外在”形成对比，选项中只有A项instincts符合题意，意为“本能，本性”，故选A。解析：C 考点
44、 考查形容词。 本句意为“有关人类种族的史册里记载着那些 -|_|-暴力，并没有给我们以任何教益”，分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰documentation。各形容词选项中，N项acute有“严重的”意思，O项strict有“严格的”意思；C项tedious意为“冗长哕嗦的；乏味的”，在这里引申为“数不尽的”，指人类种族史册里记载着数不尽的暴力事件，C项更符合句意，故为答案。解析：N 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“我们仍没有意识到暴力并不能解决问题，而只会让问题更 -|_|-”，因此空格处应填形容词。综观选项，N项acute意为“严重的，尖锐的；敏锐的”；O项strict意为“严格的；
45、严厉的；精确的”。结合句意可知，此处应填“严重的，尖锐的”，和前面的solves a problem形成对比，故选N。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 本句意为“当我们沮丧地 -|_|-战火未熄的废墟，想知道究竟是什么重击了自己，从来没有解决方法出现过”，由此可推测，空格处所填单词应表示“注视，凝视”的意思，contemplate意为“注视，凝视”，符合句意，故选E；H项regard意为“视为，认为”，不符合句意，故排除。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词。本句意为“他们希望通过立法来抵制这些 -|_|-行为，为此，他们被自己的族人鄙视、误解，甚至受到迫害”，根据上下文
46、可推测，空格处所填的形容词应与things搭配表示粗暴无礼的行为，故选K项，outrageous意为“粗暴的，可恶的”。解析：I 考点 考查名词。 该句意为：如果把花费在这些暴力活动中的一半 -|_|-用于做好事的话，比如整顿贫民窟以及改善居民的居住环境那我们离找到解决方法的时候就不远了”。分析句子结构和句意可以推知，空格处应填含有“力量，精力；努力”之意的名词。综观选项，I项energy意为“精力”，这里的energy和下文的efforts(努力)构成同义复现，表示做出的努力，故选I。Aguessed Bmoved away Cto Dabundant Eassumed Fupon Gign
47、orant Henormous Iroot Jinstruments Kimpartiality Lobvious Mceased Nswept away Oilliterate The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American libertynot the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took 21 and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed 22 us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not 23 entirely-after three hundred years of unceasi
