1、大学英语四级 44及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Conserving Energy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 能源短缺问题已非常严重； 2. 可以采取节能措施解决能源短缺问题； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：
2、30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Mobile phones What Are Mobile Phones? A mobile phone, also known as a cellphone or cellular phone, is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telep
3、hone only within a limited range). Cellphones allow connections to be made to the telephone network, normally by directly dialing the other partys number on an inbuilt keypad. Most current cellphones use a combination of radio wave transmission and conventional telephone circuit switching, though pa
4、cket switching is already in use for some parts of the cellphone network, especially for services such as Internet access and WAP. Some of the worlds largest cellphone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovox, Kyocera (formerly the handset division of Qualcomm), LG, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic (Matsus
5、hita Electric), Philips, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Siemens, SK Teletech, and Sony Ericsson. There are also specialist communication systems related to, but distinct from cellphones, such as satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radio. Worldwide Deployment Cellphones have a long arid varied history t
6、hat stretches back to the 1950s, with hand held devices being available since 1983. Due to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, cellphone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, outstrip ping the growth of fixed telephony. In most of Europe, wealthier parts of Asia, A
7、ustralia, and the US, cellphones are now widely used, with the majority of the adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. The number of cell phone subscribers in the US has reached over 190 million. The availability of Prepaid or pay as you go services, where the subscriber does not have
8、to commit to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth. Standardized Technology The cellphone has become ubiquitous because of the interoperability of cellphones across different networks 4nd countries. This is due to the equipment manufacturers all working to the same standard, particularly
9、 the GSM standard which was designed for Europe-wide interoperability. All European nations and some Asian nations chose it as their sole standard, while in Japan and South Korea another standard, CDMA, was select ed. Cellphone Culture In less than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being ra
10、re and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-cost personal item. In many countries, cellphones now outnumber land line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning cellphones. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a cell phone instead of a land-
11、line for their residence. In some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed-line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. Social Life With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people
12、rely on their cellphone addressbook to keep in touch with their friends. Many people keep in touch using SMS, and a whole culture of “texting“ has developed from this. The commercial market in SMSs is growing. Many phones even offer Instant Messenger services to increase the simplicity and ease of t
13、exting on phones. Entertainment The mobile phone itself has also become a totemic and fashion object, with users deco rating, customizing, and accessorizing their cellphones to reflect their personality. Like wise, customized ringtones have been developed. Etiquette Cellphone etiquette has become an
14、 important issue with mobiles ringing at funerals, weddings, movies and plays. Users often speak at increased volume, with little regard for others nearby people. It has become common practice for places like libraries and movie theatres to ban the use of cell phones, sometimes even installing jammi
15、ng equipment to prevent them. Media Cameraphones and videophones that can capture video and take photographs are increasingly being used to cover breaking news. Stories like the London Bombings, the Boxing Day Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina have been reported on by cameraphone users on news sites lik
16、e NowPublic and photosharing sites like Flickr. Cellphone Features Cellphones are often packed with features that offer users far more than just the capability to send text messages and make voice calls. These may include internet browsing, music (MP3)playback, personal organizers, email, watch/alar
17、m, built-in cameras, ring tones, security measures (e. g. pin codes), SIM blocks, games, radio, push to talk, infra red and blue-tooth connectivity, and call registers. Network Features Though cellphones vary significantly from provider to provider, and even nation to nation (most noticeably in Nort
18、h America), all cellphones must generally accomplish tile same tasks regardless. Cellphones must be connected to the system of land-line phones. Cellphones must also be able to connect with each other just as easily, even if the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. Consequently,
19、 all cellphone systems are comprised of two components; the handset, and the tower. The handset is the portable, referred to as the mobile phone, cellphone or a smartphone. The tower is a high-yield radio tower that the cellphones direct their radio communications to in order to connect to the netwo
20、rk of telecommunications. It could also be a network of satellites. Network Working Process The Handset Handsets feature a low power transceiver that is typically designed to transmit voice and data, or analog audio only, up to a few kilometers under ideal situations to where the tower is located. T
21、he handset listens for an available tower. Once found, the handset in forms that tower of its own unique identifier, and alerts the cellphone network that it is ready and standing-by to receive telephone calls. It then periodically repeats this information to the tower, and seeks out new towers over
22、 the duration it is powered on. The Tower Towers are large structures that feature a series of high power radio transmitters de signed to broadcast their presence and availability, and relay communications to the mobile handsets. The tower features a much higher -powered radio transceiver array that
23、 allows it to provide a radio communications dialog with handsets dozens of kilometers away. The tower is connected to the landline telephone infrastructure by a high-capacity phone line, and may also be connected to a dedicated data line. The tower can then route calls between the mobile handsets i
24、ts serving, and telephone calls over the landline. Because the tower tracks and relays what mobile handsets it is servicing, it can inform the mobile network provider so that at any given time a call to a cellphone can quickly be traced to the :tower that is servicing that handset. The Data Stream M
25、ost cellphones dialog between the handset and the tower is comprised of a data stream of digitized audio. The technology driving this process can vary, and in nations with no standard or preference (such as the United States), many incompatible technologies exist. Not only do transmission standards
26、potentially differ, but so do the radio frequencies. Some technologies include AMPS for analog, and TDMA, CDMA and GSM for digital communications. Though nations like the USA have generally avoided official standardization, most nations of the world have agreed upon the GSM data transmission protoco
27、l for cellphones, and a small range of possible frequencies that cellphones may operate on. Phones are classified based on the technology they use and the features they have. （分数：71.00）(1).The main difference between cordless phones and cellphones is that cordless phones can only operate in a limite
28、d range. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radios are a kind of cellphone. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Because cellphones are quick to deploy and cheap to establish, they have spread rapidly throughout the world. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Because American cellphone users can ch
29、oose either the prepaid service or pay as you go, cellphone subscribers have increased in number. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).CDMA and GSM are the two main network services available in Australia. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Texting is uncommon in Asian countries. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Cellphone etiquette ha
30、s become increasingly more important. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Email, watch/alarm, built-in cameras, ringtones, and SIM blocks are all 1 of cellphones. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Cellphones must not only be connected to the system of 1 but also must be able to connect with each other just as easily, even if
31、the two phones are not from the same mobile service provider. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Although most nations around the world have agreed upon GSM data transmission protocol for cellphones, the US has avoided official 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Enjoyable.B.Moving.C.Inspir
32、ing.D.Dull.A.At 7:30.B.At 6:30.C.At 6:00.D.At 5:30.A.Six.B.Eight.C.Seven.D.Nine.A.She is satisfied.B.She is tired.C.She is impatient.D.She is happy.A.In Hong Kong.B.On the way back.C.At home.D.In the university.A.She has too many dreams.B.She doesnt put her ideas into practice.C.She likes to sleep.D
33、.She doesnt have many good ideas.A.She is not sure Tom is joking.B.She thinks Tom wants to go into business.C.She thinks Tom may sell his shop.D.She thinks Tom has already studied in university.A.The first car they saw is too expensive.B.They may save some money for the time being.C.She is happy wit
34、h the price set by the seller.D.Less money will be spent in the long run.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Relaxing at the seashore.B.Visiting her parents.C.Sailing on a boat.D.Preparing for a race.A.She was invited only for the weekend.B.The weather was too hot.C.She had an appointment.D.She had schoolw
35、ork to do.A.She had to go home.B.She was too tired to continue.C.She had to finish her schoolwork.D.She was thirsty.A.To make an appointment to look at a house.B.To get information about special housing.C.To ask about getting a loan to buy a house.D.To renew his housing contract.A.With his grandpare
36、nts.B.In student housing.C.With his wifes parents.D.In his own apartment.A.He has more than one child.B.His wife is a graduate student.C.He is a full - time student.D.He works at the university housing office.A.Guarding the coasts of the United States.B.Being part of the United States Navy.C.Guiding
37、 people along the coast.D.Protecting people from army attack.A.Enforcing laws controlling navigation, shipping, immigration and fishing.B.Enforcing laws affecting the privately - owned boats in the U. S.C.Searching for missing boats and rescuing people.D.Training people to good swimmers along the be
38、ach.A.17000B.1700C.70000D.7000A.dangerousB.hardC.excitingD.dullA.The role of inland waterways in the nations growth.B.The development of New York City as a seaport.C.The growth of the railroads.D.The disappearance of the canal system.A.In the early 1900s.B.In the mid-1800s.C.In the early 1800s.D.In
39、the late 1800VA.Agricultural products.B.Manufactured foods.C.Settlers.D.Farm animals.A.National unity.B.Cheap transportation.C.The decline of Atlantic seaports.D.Movement of the population.A.On the side of England.B.On the side of France.C.On the side of the United States.D.On the side of themselves
40、.A.At the beginning of the war.B.At the end of the war.C.In the middle of the war.D.It isnt mentioned in the passage.A.The English won many early battles.B.The French outlasted the English.C.In the war, the French expanded southward into Virginia.D.Both generals on the two sides were killed in the b
41、attle.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recently a group of Swedish research scientists carried out a (36) 1 of childrens attitudes to the future. They worked with 10-and 11-year-old children from ten schools (37) 2 in rural and urban areas all over the whole of Sweden. There were two main steps of the (38
42、) 3. First, all the children were asked to write an essay on the topic “The Future; 2000 AD“. Then the scientists went round to the (39) 4 schools to talk to the children, basing their (40) 5 on the general questions “What problems are we (41) 6 now?“ and “What will the future be like?“ A pattern so
43、on (42) 7. It showed that there was (43) 8 agreement about which problems were important and how the problems should be dealt with. (44) 9 . (45) 10. Summing up the results of the , one of its leaders said, “Weve obviously got to pay more attention to our children. After all, (46) 11.“ （分数：10.00）填空项
44、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from
45、 a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro- processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. ff the ca
46、r is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall
47、, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they receive
48、 a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owners keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system. If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred me
