1、大学英语四级 99 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师
2、 2学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题 On Students Selecting Lecturers _ _ _ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A great way to live longer Two major studies, one on heart disease (MONICA) and the other on cancer (EPIC), re giving researchers a new look at the connection between diet an
3、d disease. They offer the hope of saving hundreds of thousands of lives a year by adjusting the way we feed ourselves. The studies leave little doubt that many of usespecially in wealthy countries are eating ourselves into an early grave. Of the two studies, MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trend
4、s and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) has covered the most ground. It was started ten years ago by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the 33-million project is the most ambitious study ever undertaken on heart and vascular disease. Using standardized data-collection techniques, WHOs co
5、rrespondents gathered statistics on more than ten million men and women in more than 39 population centers, ranging from Siberia to California, Australia to Israel. The study rapidly disclosed some startling facts. MONICA showed that in Finland, for example, men die of coronary disease 11 times more
6、 often than they do in Japan, while in Glasgow women die of heart disease 12 times more often than those in north-eastern Spain or southern France. Compass points. As the results flowed in, a clear pattern emerged: in Europe, the further north you live, the more likely you are to die from a heart at
7、tack. Two more likely you are to die from a heart attack. Two cities typical of this north-south gradient are Belfast and Toulouse, in south-western France. In the most recent period studied, the heart-disease death rate for men aged 45 to 54 is 237 per 100 000 population in Belfast, but only 56 in
8、Toulouse. For the age group 55 to 64, the contrast is even more striking: 761 for Belfast, 175 for Toulousea difference of 4.3 to 1. EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) is a more recent study. Organized in seven European countries including Britain, by the Lyons-based
9、 International Agency for Research on Cancer, it began collection data in 1993, and already shows a remarkably similar outcome: for most forms of cancer, the north is dangerous and the south relatively benign. Luxembourg and Belgium lead the mortality figures for men (Denmark and the UK for women),
10、while Greece, Portugal and Spain are at the bottom. Split results. Why should residence in the developed north, with all its wealth and public services, make death by cardiovascular disease or cancer more likely than in the generally poorer south? The question seems to be all the more puzzling becau
11、se MONICA found no significant differences in smoking, high-blood pressure or cholesterol the three classic indicators of heart troubleto explain the regional disparities. The further the investigations progress, the more one factor presents itself as the likely answer: diet Clearly, southern Europe
12、ans know something about eating that their northern brethren do not. The most confounding information is in the MONICA data from France, the country with the western worlds highest life expectancy. The French outlive Americans, for example, by more than four years, suffer less than half as much from
13、 coronary heart disease and yet smoke more, drink more and have blood pressure and cholesterol counts just as high while enjoying the diet that has made French cuisine a byword for high living. Those startling facts are the basis of “the French paradox“. Dr Serge Renaud, epidemiologist and director
14、of nutritional studies at Frances National Institute of Health and Medical Research, had been studying the relation between nourishment and heart disease for more than 30 years in serene anonymity. Then the MONICA figures revealed the differences between France and more other industrialized nations:
15、 Scotland, Finland, the United States and Australia were at the top of the scale for premature deaths from heart disease, while France was nearly at the bottom, edged out only by rice-and-fish-eating Japan. Renaud was suddenly besieged with queries. Could he shed some light on the puzzle? He could i
16、ndeed. His five-year study of some 600 Lyons-area cardiac patients, completed in Spring 1993, proved to be a show-piece for the influence of diet on health. Safe and sound. Renaud put half of his volunteers on the medically recommended diet for heart-attack victims, and the other half on a diet he d
17、eveloped himself, reducing red-meat consumption and calling for greater amounts of bread, fresh and dried vegetables, fruits, fish and white meat. His diet also replaced butter with a margarine-style spread developed in his laboratory. Renauds greater emphasis on fruits, grains, vegetables and his m
18、argarine cut the chances of death from a second heart attack by 76 per cent. （分数：71.00）(1).Two major scientific studies conducted by MONICA and EPIC respectively tell us that there is NO connection between diet and disease.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).MONICA showed that in Finland, for example, the number
19、 of men die of coronary disease is much larger than that in Japan.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In Europe, the further north you live, the more likely you are to die from diabetes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Recent studies show that men aged 45 to 54 in Belfast are more likely to die from heart attack than thos
20、e in Toulouse.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In European countries, Greece, Portugal and Spain are the three nations that have the highest number of men who die from heart attack and Denmark and the UK have the highest number of women who die from heart attack.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Smoking, high-blood pres
21、sure and cholesterol are main reasons that cause regional differences in the heart attack death rate.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The French live more than four years longer than Americans and suffer less than half as much from coronary heart disease simply because they smoke and drink less.（分数：7.10）A.YB.
22、NC.NG(8).Studies conducted by MONICA and EPIC show that 1 might be the main reason that causes many of the human diseases.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9). 1refers to the phenomenon that the French smoke and drink a lot and have high blood pressure and cholesterol yet they suffer less from coronary heart disease
23、 and enjoy the high living at the same time.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).It can be inferred from the passage that 1 is the country that suffers least from premature deaths from heart disease.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man wants to attend tomorrows show.B.There arent any tick
24、ets left for tonights show.C.There arent any tickets left for tomorrows show.D.The man doesnt want to attend tomorrows show.A.It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B.It was not as easy as he had thought.C.It was difficult as he had expected.D.It was interesting and easy to follow.A.This appl
25、e pie tastes very good.B.His mother likes the pie very much.C.This pie cant match his mothers.D.His mother cant make apple pies.A.Buy a ticket for the ten oclock flight.B.Ask the man to change the ticket for her.C.Go to the airport immediately.D.Switch to a different flight.A.Spending more time on s
26、ightseeing.B.Visiting the city with a group.C.Touring the city on a fine day.D.Taking the man with her on the tour.A.He will only be available in the afternoon.B.Its not his office hour.C.He doesnt have time.D.He is too tired after class.A.Four or five days.B.Exactly a week.C.About a week.D.More tha
27、n two weeks.A.That she will not buy them a present.B.That she will be sorry.C.That she will not quit her job.D.That she will be happy to go away.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.When to move.B.Where to live the following year.C.How much time to spend at home.D.Whose house to visit.A.Take some money to t
28、he housing office.B.Inform the director of student housing in a letter.C.Fill out a form in the history.D.Maintain a high grade average.A.Both live on campus.B.Both live off campus.C.The man lives on campus; the woman lives off campus.D.The woman lives on campus; the man lives off campus.A.Look for
29、a new place to live.B.Borrow money for a car.C.Pay her deposit.D.Consider the situation further.A.It is now in daily touch with nine hundred people.B.The volunteers have completed one million calls.C.It is now starting to include new comers who want to meet new friends.D.It has got support from all
30、the neighbors of the old.A.By a 77-year-old woman.B.By advertising in newspapers.C.By neighborhood group meetings.D.On television.A.It is operated by federal employees.B.It has been in operation for fifteen years.C.It is especially for retired officials.D.It provides daily telephone calls.A.Around 1
31、 p. m.B.Around 7 p. m.C.From late morning hours until shortly before noon.D.From 5 p. m. to 7 p. m.A.Around 1 p. m.B.Around 7 p. m.C.In the later-morning hours.D.At 5 p. m.A.Doctors thought that the human body lives in a stable state.B.The science of chronobiology is sparking a medical revolution.C.
32、More people die of heart attacks on mornings than on evenings.D.Chronobiology helps us improve our health and survive.A.Magazines.B.Newspapers.C.Television.D.Internet.A.17 minutes.B.11 minutes.C.48 minutes.D.38 minutes.A.The holders of brokerage accounts spend more time on newspapers than other peop
33、le.B.The Internet becomes a key part of media consumption by the brokerage account holders.C.People between the age of 25 and 54 spend more time on TV than those in other ages.D.The holders of brokerage accounts spend more time on the Internet than college students.A.Everything is OK.B.Things look g
34、ood.C.Things look as if the work is over.D.No change is in sight.A.Money.B.More lunch time.C.Pensions.D.Salaries.A.Its cheap.B.Its healthy.C.Its faster.D.Its interesting.A.Share cars.B.Nothing.C.Call the city officials.D.Rent buses.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Tomato Growers Association, or TGA, h
35、as set out to grow a (36) 1tomato at an ( 37 ) 2farm near San Diego, California. (38) 3 biotechnology and developments in DNA research, the TGA has determined to grow the “tomato of tomorrow. “ By (39) 4a repellent in the form of an odor, the tomato plant would be able to fight off (40) 5 by insects
36、. It would (41) 6disease and rot, and would maintain its shape when (42 ) 7at the bottom of a (43 ) 8 of tons of tomatoes. (44) 9. Its heavy, thick leaves would prevent it form becoming sunburned. All tomatoes on a plant would ripen at the same time, to prevent the loss from machine harvest of under
37、-or-over ripened fruit. (45) 10. While development of this plant will prove to be extremely expensive, TGA scientists believe that (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)In communities north of Denver, re
38、sidents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. ”Were worried about our teachers and principals, and we really dont want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ea
39、se their financial burden, we will.” Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent(有综合能力的). They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize its impossible for then to solve this problem. The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month.
40、 “Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll(工资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and sta
41、ff in time for the holidays. District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38schools. At Coffmans request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the districts finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after
42、 the November election., when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. In Frederick, students parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs. Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from S
43、afeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the districts $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper. “We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have childr
44、en in the school, and we see how they could be affected.” At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student. “We wanted to kn
45、ow the truth, and spread that around instead.” （分数：177.50）(1).What has happened to the Vrain School District?（分数：35.50）A.A huge financial problem has arisen.B.Many schools there are mismanaged.C.Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D.Many administrative personnel have been laid off.
46、(2).How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?（分数：35.50）A.They felt somewhat helpless about it.B.They accused those responsible for it.C.They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D.They demanded a through investigation.(3).In the view of State Treasurer Mike
47、Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_.（分数：35.50）A.unavoidableB.unthinkableC.insolvableD.irreversible(4).Why did Coffman request an investigation?（分数：35.50）A.To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B.To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C.To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D.To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.(5).Three high school students started a website in order to_.（分数：35.50）A.attract greater public attention to their needsB.appeal to the public for contributions and donationsC.ex
