1、大学英语四级 89及答案解析(总分：746.54，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an e-mail to change the time of an appointment. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 给你的朋友 Frank发一封 e-mail,告诉他由于明天你要参加一场考试，无
2、法按预定计划和他见面； 2. 对此带来的不便表示抱歉； 3. 重新约定见面时间。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Port City The port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of land-sea exchange, and as a major source of liveli
3、hood and a major force for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single group label? Do they have enough in common to guarantee distinguishing them from other kinds of cities? Ports and harbors A port
4、must be distinguished from a harbor. There are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbors, many fine harbors see few ships. Harbor is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a center of land-sea exchange which requires good access to a hinterland even more
5、than a sea-linked foreland. It is landward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbors can be improved with breakwaters and dredging if there is a demand for a port. Madras and Colombo are examples of harbors expensively improved by enlar
6、ging, dredging (清淤) and building breakwaters. Once a port city, always a port city Port cites become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air rou
7、tes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the worlds biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenois Airs, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Fracissco began as ports that is, which land-sea exchange as their major fun
8、ction but they have since grown proportion in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference. A truly international environment Port functions, more than anything else
9、, make a city cosmopolitan. A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and ideas as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. The smell of the sea and the harbor, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of the
10、ir multiple links with a wide world, samples of which are present in microcosm (缩影) within their own urban areas. Reasons for the decline of ports Seaports have been transformed by the appearance of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased. Many formerly important ports have become eco
11、nomically and physically less accessible as a result. By-passed by most of their former enriching flowing of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Me
12、laka, Suzhou, and a long list of earlier prominent port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. Relative significance of trade and service industry Most ports have few poor harbors, many fine harbors see many ships. Harbor is not a physical concept but also an economic concept, a center
13、of connections of different politics, commerce and other different styles. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any citys population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requ
14、ires food, housing, clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8. Their own way to develop and exist No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materia
15、ls and distributes them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where water and land transport meet and where loading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil re
16、fining and ore refining, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and is not a port function. All ports handle, unload, sort, alter, process, repack, and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in
17、 a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks. Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of London is on the Thames,
18、 Shanghai along the Bund. This proximity to water is also true of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centers are still grouped around their harbors even though each city has expanded into a m
19、etropolis. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities. （分数：71.00）(1).Cities cease to be port cities when other functions dominate.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In the past, many cities did more trade within their own country than with overseas ports.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Most pe
20、ople in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Port attracts subsidiary and independent industries.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Ports have to establish a common language of trade.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Port often has river connections.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).A cit
21、y may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).No city c
22、an be simply a 1 but must be involved in a variety of other activities.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Get some change from Jane.B.Go look for a pay phone.C.Use the womans phone.D.Pay for the phone call.A
23、.At an art gallery.B.In a department store.C.At a bookstore.D.In a workshop.A.She will help the man to catch up.B.She is worried about the mans health.C.She has bought the man an up-to-date map.D.Shes bought the man a pair of glasses today.A.He is going to give a talk on fishing.B.He is eager to mee
24、t Susans parents.C.He has the same hobby as Susans father.D.He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time.A.He finds the presentation hard to follow.B.He speaks highly of the presentation.C.He considers the presentation very dull.D.He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic.A.A bookshe
25、lf.B.A typewriter.C.Some stocks.D.High quality paper.A.They set off early.B.They wait for a fine day.C.They go sightseeing.D.They go to the seaside.A.He liked to show off in class.B.He was the first person she met at school.C.He had a funny face.D.He was late for school on the first day.A.Her car ca
26、n stand any crash.B.Her car is kept in good condition.C.Her car is not as good as his.D.Her car is maintained as well as his.A.She is too busy to go.B.Shes willing to go swimming.C.She doesnt want to wait long.D.She enjoys the wonderful weather.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.North of Los Angles.B.Betw
27、een Los Angles and San Diego.C.East of San Diego.D.Los AnglesA.They are a type of insect.B.They are a kind of fish.C.They are a type of bird.D.They are a type of pig.A.In March.B.In early summer.C.In October.D.In April.A.Walking in the garden.B.Milking the cows.C.Chasing the cows.D.Preparing breakfa
28、st.A.Before 4:30.B.Before 4:45.C.At4:30.D.After 4:45.A.North to the left.B.South to the left.C.North to the right.D.South to the right.A.The front path.B.The rose garden.C.The cows.D.The trees.A.On his way home.B.On his way to his countryside.C.On his way to town.D.On his way to the worksite.A.Becau
29、se of a lake.B.Because of a wide river.C.Because of a long ditch.D.Because of a big dam.A.Because there was an east wind.B.Because there were a lot of firemen.C.Because there was not anything left to burn.D.Because there were hundreds of people.A.To protect persons and property.B.To collect taxes.C.
30、To teach and train citizens.D.To save natural resources for future use.A.By selling services that make life comfortable.B.By selling land containing oil.C.By selling public lands.D.By selling coal and other natural products.A.Environmental pollution and protection.B.Taxes and services for the public
31、.C.Police efforts to protect people.D.Peoples attitude toward taxes.A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.C.They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.D.They are pleased because it saves them
32、much time.A.They dont have their own cars to drive to work.B.Many of them are romantic by temperature.C.Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.C
33、.Some suggest improving the design of the deck.D.Some object to using larger luxury boats.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Education is too important to take seriously. When people take anything too seriously, they put on blinders, which cause them to miss the important (36) 1 of what is going on around t
34、hem. They develop “tunnel vision,“ which limits and (37) 2their perception of (38) 3. Education is too important to be limited by those who have (39) 4to wear blinders and develop tunnel vision. I believe the accountability movement has (40) 5many educators to take education too seriously. When we t
35、ake education too seriously, we put (41) 6tests scores above children, we put lesson plans above teachers, and we put on our blinders, only to see a (42) 7small segment of the childthat segment that can be (43) 8easily than looking at the child as a whole. (44) 9. How can we take off our blinders? H
36、ow can we eliminate tunnel vision to see the whole child? How can we not take everything so seriously? My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh. Psychologists have long believed that negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body. We know the opposite is also true. (45) 10
37、. Laughter actually relaxes the muscles, allows the heartbeat, and lowers blood pressure. Laughter stirs the inside and gets the endocrine system moving, which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
38、 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Some prominent environmentalistsas well as Senators McCain and Lieberman, who back legislation to reduce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳 c) emissions (排放)are supporting further development of nuclear power to serve as an emission-free bridge to an economy based entire
39、ly on renewable energy. “Its not that something new and important and good had happened with nuclear, its mat something new and important and bad has happened with climate change,“ says environmentalist Stewart Brand, who recently authored a controversial article on the topic in the May issue of the
40、 Massachusetts Institute of Technologys Technology Review. Brand has joined a small but growing cadre of environmentalists, which includes Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies dean James Gustave Speth and World Resources Institute head Jonathan Lash, in promoting new, cleaner, safer nuc
41、lear technologies as a solution to the frustrating problem of how to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels (矿石燃料) before solar and other renewables are ready for use. Together, alternative renewables account for less than two percent of the nations energy production, while nuclear power contributes
42、ten times as much power to the production today. And in his new attempt, Senator John McCain has reportedly added language to the climate change bill he is drafting with Senator Joseph Lieberman that calls for major federal subsidies (资助) to pay the cost of developing new nuclear energy technologies
43、 to lessen our nations dependence on fossil fuels, which cause heat-trapping carbon dioxide build-up in the atmosphere. Felicity Barringer writes in the New York Times that the new language in the McCain-Lieberman bill would actually increase its chances of passage significantly: “Conservatives woul
44、d support emission controls in return for support for a new generation of nuclear power plants.“ But despite the conversion of a few greens and some Senators, the majority of environmentalists still question the safety risks and economic expense of nuclear power, instead calling on the federal gover
45、nment to subsidize the development of renewable alternatives such as solar, wind, etc. “The notion out there from some of these deep thinkers is that we have to take our medicine and if only we could accept nuclear power plants, the global warming problem would be solved,“ says Anna Aurilio, the leg
46、islative director at the U.S. Public Interest Research Group. “We have a whole bunch of solutions already that are not as risky.“ Indeed, as the issues get more complex and the planet continues to heat up its getting harder and harder to tell the realists from the idealists anymore. （分数：177.50）(1).A
47、ccording to the McCain-Lieberman bill:（分数：35.50）A.Nuclear power is the only renewable energy for the time being.B.Solar energy and wind energy are more expensive than nuclear energy.C.The development of nuclear power will help with the alleviation of global warming.D.The dependence on fossil fuels i
48、s risky for the nation.(2).Which of the following is fossil fuel?（分数：35.50）A.Nuclear power.B.Coal.C.Wind power.D.Solar energy.(3).What has caused some greens and Senators to convert to support the McCain-Lieberman bill?（分数：35.50）A.The mentioning of control of emission in the bill.B.The concern over the production of energy.C.The disturbance of high temperature.D.The sympathy with the environmentalists(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE?（分数：35.50）A.Nuclear power is emission-free.B.Fossil energy emission causes heat-trapp
