1、大学英语四级 68 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的原
2、因是什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cholesterol and Heart Disease Do you know your cholesterol level? Many people dont. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is an important risk factor for heart disease. Some people say that the danger of heart disease is exaggerated.
3、 However, heart disease is a main cause of death in developed countries. Every year more than one million Americans have heart attacks, and half of them die. People With heart disease suffer chest pains that make simple activities, such as walking, shaving, or taking a shower, difficult. Research ha
4、s proven that cholesterol levels are Connected with heart disease. One project in Massachusetts has studied the same group of men and women since 1948. The researchers have found that the people who have high levels of cholesterol have more heart attacks. A natural substance in the blood, cholestero
5、l comes from the liver. The amount of cholesterol is affected by diet and by physical qualities we inherit from our parents. One kind of cholesterol sticks fat to the walls of arteries, making them smaller and finally blocking them. It produces a condition called “hardening of the arteries,“ which c
6、auses heart attacks. With tiny cameras, doctors can see blood circulating through the heart valves. Angiograms (血管造影照片) are x-rays of the heart arteries. They show fat deposits and blockages caused by high cholesterol. Heart disease begins in children as young as 3 years old. It occurs earlier in bo
7、ys than in girls. Nearly half of teenagers have some fat deposits on their artery walls. Heart disease develops faster if we have high cholesterol levels and also smoke. What is a safe level of cholesterol? Adults have a high risk of heart attack if their cholesterol level is above 240 milligrams pe
8、r deciliter (1/10 公升) of blood. Below 200 is better. In the Massachusetts study, no one with a cholesterol level below 150 has ever had a heart attack. However, about half of American adults have cholesterol levels above 200. To lower our cholesterol level, we must change our eating habits. Anything
9、 that comes from an animal is high in fat and high in cholesterol. The American Heart Association National Cholesterol Education Program says that fat should be no more than 30 percent of our diet. Blood cholesterol levels start to fall after 2 to 3 weeks of following a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet
10、. Dietary changes alone can result in a 10 percent reduction of the average persons cholesterol level. Aerobic exercise helps, too. Artery blockage can be reduced by as much as 40 percent through changes in diet and amount of exercise. We must educate everyone, including children in elementary schoo
11、ls. We must teach them responsibility for their health through classes in nutrition and aerobic exercise. For example, the smart snack is fruit. Children must be served fruit in the school cafeteria, along with low-fat meals. Schools must send recipes home with the children. Parents must include chi
12、ldren in planning and preparing meals and shopping for food. Adults, including persons over the age of sixty five, can lower their cholesterol by 30 or 40 percent. It is never too late to change. One man began his health program when he was seventy- three. By the time he was seventy-seven, he had lo
13、wered his arterial blockage from 50 percent to 13 percent and his cholesterol from 320 to 145 without drugs. He went on a vegetarian diet with only 10 percent fat, plus programs to reduce stress and get more exercise. A low-cholesterol diet that cuts out most animal products and high-fat vegetables
14、may be unfamiliar to people. The Heart Association says to use no added fat of any kind. Dont fry food in oil. Cook it in water, vinegar, or vegetable water. Learn about grains and vegetables. Avoid egg yolks (the yellow part of the egg). Eat potatoes, beans, low fat vegetables, and fruit. People of
15、ten complain about low-fat diets before they have had time to get used to them. Food can taste good without cream, butter, and salt. You can use olive oil, mustard, fresh herbs, or yogurt instead. A new diet can cause general anxiety, when people feel worried and nervous about what is going to happe
16、n. They must learn to deal with the changes in their lives. Sometimes major changes in diet or lifestyle are easier than minor ones because the results are bigger and faster. Fast results encourage us. How can you control the amount of fat in your diet if you eat in restaurants? Restaurants must pro
17、vide healthy meals that are low in fat, salt, and cholesterol. A diet is a personal thing. Restaurant owners should not make customers feel embarrassed because they want to follow a diet that is good for them. Restaurant owners must learn to give equal service to customers on a healthy diet. Some re
18、staurants have items on the menu marked with a heart to show that they are low in fat, cholesterol, salt, or sugar. A few restaurants serve only these recipes. Heart disease causes one out of every four deaths in East Harlem in New York City. The East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is an educational p
19、rogram. It has 2 goals: to get people to change their diets and to find volunteers to help run educational activities. One way it educates is by street shows. Actors wear costumes and carry big pieces of plastic fat. They entertain so people will listen. Groups of children perform songs and dances t
20、hat educate people about heart disease and diet. Volunteers lead walking and exercise groups to show people how to begin exercising. Volunteers also stand in supermarkets to suggest healthy food choices to shoppers. The volunteers have shoppers taste two kinds of milk to see which tastes better. Mos
21、t people are surprised that the low-fat milk tastes better than the whole milk. Shoppers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk instead of whole milk. Education costs money, but it also brings results. In 1983, only 35 percent of the American public knew their cholesterol levels. By 1990, 65 percent of
22、the people had had theirs checked. People feel better if they lower their cholesterol through diet. Healthy people are more confident. They are more attractive to themselves, as well as to others. Their friends stare at them because they look so healthy. We can prevent heart disease by living a heal
23、thful lifestyle and eating the right kind of diet. If people dont do this, two out of three men and women in America will eventually get heart disease. （分数：71.00）(1).No direct relationship has been proven between high cholesterol levels and heart attacks. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Boys have a higher ri
24、sk of developing heart disease than girls. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Old people shouldnt bother to change their eating habits because its too late for it to do them any good. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Low-fat diets always taste bad. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).It can be easier to change our diet a lot than to
25、change it a little. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).More than twice as many people had their blood cholesterol levels checked in 1990 as in 1983 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The article deals with the link between cholesterol and heart disease and the suggestions to pre- vent them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Childre
26、n should learn more responsibility or their health through 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).One of the educational activities in East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Consumers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk rather than 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The
27、man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B.The woman had forgotten Marks phone number.C.The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D.Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.A.The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B.The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C.The man
28、is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D.The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.A.At 10:30.B.At 10:25.C.At 10:40.D.At 10:45.A.The man no longer smokes.B.The man is under pressure from his wife.C.The man usually follows his wifes advice.D.The man refuses to listen to his doctors
29、advice.A.Move to a big city.B.Become a teacher.C.Go back to school.D.Work in New York.A.Quit delivering flowers.B.Work at a restaurant.C.Bring her flowers every day.D.Leave his job to work for her.A.She can find the right person to help the man.B.She can help the man out.C.Shes also in need of a tex
30、tbook.D.She picked up the book from the bus floor.A.The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B.The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C.The man is glad hes got in touch with the doctor.D.The man cant come for the appointment at 4:15.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Because he
31、didnt want to go to the womans party.B.Because he was deeply attracted by a program about Oprah Winfrey.C.Because he participated in Oprah Winfreys program.D.Because he forgot about the womans party.A.She is a US actress.B.She is a US speaker.C.She is the sponsor of a US talk show.D.She is the hoste
32、ss of a US talk show.A.Oprah Winfrey has a distinguished family background.B.Oprah Winfrey is frank and genuine.C.Oprah Winfrey never spreads gossip or scandal.D.Oprah Winfrey was Americas first African-American news anchor.A.To use a cassette recorder and record all the lectures.B.To use a notebook
33、 to take notes.C.To read the material before lectures.D.To listen attentively.A.To read it word by word.B.To take notes when reading it.C.To read it aloud.D.To skim through it.A.American history.B.European history.C.American Revolution.D.French Revolution.A.One.B.Few.C.Several.D.Many.A.One year.B.Fi
34、ve years.C.Seven years.D.Ten years.A.Ants tap plant insects till a drop of honey comes out.B.Ants take care of plant insects.C.Ants get their food from plant.D.Ants get honey from bees.A.The music passed down from older generations.B.Recorded music instead of live music.C.Modern music young people c
35、an enjoy.D.The music children hear in a car.A.It can shape their likes and dislikes in music.B.It can help them learn language.C.It can help develop their mind.D.It helps them know about cultural values.A.Songs for lulling babies to sleep.B.Songs in a foreign language.C.Songs that promise, praise an
36、d teach culture values.D.All the above.A.Spend a longer time on vacation in the car.B.Have more choices in the music they hear.C.Enjoy music without being disturbed.D.Have another place to get together.A.The role of inland waterways in the nations growth.B.The development of New York City as a seapo
37、rt.C.The growth of the railroads.D.The disappearance of the canal system.A.In the early 1900s.B.In the mid-1800s.C.In the early 1800s.D.In the late 1800VA.Agricultural products.B.Manufactured foods.C.Settlers.D.Farm animals.A.National unity.B.Cheap transportation.C.The decline of Atlantic seaports.D
38、.Movement of the population.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Two more people have died of the H5N1 strain of bird flu in China, making the death toll five out of eight human cases (36) 1 so far in the country. The Ministry of Health has announced Wednesday the two (37) 2, first last month, were a 10-year-
39、old girl in the southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and a 35-year-old man in eastern Jiangxi Province. They had died on December 16th and 30th (38) 3 after all medical treatment failed. A (39) 4 for the Ministry says the current bird flu situation is “not optimistic“, and is calling on people
40、to remain (40) 5. “Although there hasnt been any human-to-human case of bird flu so far, as the danger of bird flu not only exists in China but also threatens other countries, (41) 6 to prevent and control the epidemic must be (42) 7 . “ Among the eight human cases of bird flu in China, the (43) 8vi
41、ctim is a six-year-old boy from Central Chinas Hunan Province, who is now in the hospital. The boy is in critical condition. The Ministry warns (44) 9. The United Nations agriculture agency warns the bird flu virus (45) 10. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)says there have been more outbrea
42、ks than expected in Turkey. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simpl
43、e lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.“ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you
44、 put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,“ says Schacter. “Rather, you didnt give you
45、r memory system the information it needed.“ Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinaki, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.“ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more
46、 attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available, he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table - dont leav
47、e it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The best thing t
48、o do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember. （分数：177.50）(1).Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?（分数：35.50）A.It helps us understand our memory system better.B.It enables us to recall something from our memory.C.It expands our memory capacity considerably.D.It slows down the process of losing our memory.(2).One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that _.（分数：35.50）A.they have a wider range of in
