1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 271 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with th
2、e good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and co
3、mfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobsone-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pot
4、tery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat sl
5、ow in catching up with the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demandi
6、ng family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it Polish the silver? Who has
7、 time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.“ “Keep your elbows off the table.“) must be picked up elsewhere. Some co
8、mpanies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.（分数：10.00）(1).The trend toward casual dining has resulted in_.（分数：2.00）A.bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB.shrinking of the pottery industryC.restructuring of large enterprisesD.economi
9、c recession in Great Britain(2).Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?（分数：2.00）A.Family members need more time to relax.B.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C.People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D.Young people wont follow the etiquette of the
10、 older generation.(3).It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _.（分数：2.00）A.a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB.a dealer in stonewareC.a pottery chain storeD.a producer of fine china(4).The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _.（分数：2.00）A.the increased value of
11、the poundB.the economic recession in AsiaC.the change in peoples way of lifeD.the fierce competition at home and abroad(5).Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life,_.（分数：2.00）A.are still a must on certain occasionsB.are bound to return sooner or laterC.are still
12、being taught by parents at homeD.can help improve personal relationshipsIn bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skillthe first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child
13、beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads
14、. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict
15、in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child
16、, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confuse
17、d and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：10.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acqu
18、isition of new skills _.（分数：2.00）A.can be avoidedB.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of childrens learning new skills parents _.（分数：2.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the
19、 meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that _.（分数：2.00）A.parents should be strict with
20、their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “prec
21、ept“ (Line 3, Para. 3) probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.ideaB.punishmentC.behaviorD.instruction(5).In moral matters, parents should _.（分数：2.00）A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently
22、ensure the security of their childrenIts very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid
23、of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.
24、 And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in ou
25、r society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need. Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying. “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才)“ (which was never truewe never had a merito
26、cracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that whe
27、n she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the medianot in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.（分数：10.
28、00）(1).The word “imperative“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something_.（分数：2.00）A.superficialB.remarkableC.debatableD.essential(2).Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?（分数：2.00）A.Minorities.B.Politicians.C.Professors.D.Managers.(3).High corporat
29、e leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.lower the rate of unemploymentB.win equal political rights for minoritiesC.be competitive in the world marketD.satisfy the demands of a growing population(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.meritocracy ca
30、n never be realized without diversityB.American political circles will not accept diversityC.it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S. mediaD.minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity(5).According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American soc
31、iety by_.（分数：2.00）A.expanding the pool of potential employeesB.promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC.training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managersD.providing education for all regardless of race or sexThere is no denying that students should learn something about h
32、ow computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students m
33、ight be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program o
34、ne are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While pro
35、gramming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the futu
36、re everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In
37、fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game“, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that p
38、rogram and generally that is easily accomplished.（分数：10.00）(1).To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _.（分数：2.00）A.try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB.be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC.learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skill
39、sD.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car(2).In the second paragraph “auto repair“ and “violin-making“ are mentioned to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB.our society needs experts in different fieldsC.violin-mak
40、ing requires as much skill as computer programmingD.people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer programming(3).Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _.（分数：2.00）A.programs are becoming less complicatedB.programs are designed to be convenient to use
41、rsC.programming is becoming easier and easierD.programs are becoming readily available to computer users(4).According to the author, the phrase learning to use a computer“ (Line 3, Para 3) means learning _.（分数：2.00）A.a set of rulesB.the fundamentals of computer scienceC.specific programsD.general pr
42、inciples of programming(5).The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.to stress the impact of the computer on societyB.to explain the concept of computer literacyC.to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD.to emphasize that computer programming is an i
43、nteresting and challenging job大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 271 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmas generatio
44、n. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the cha
45、nge means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobsone-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of pos
46、itions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted tha
47、t the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a
48、time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once
