1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 293 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension_2.Section A_The Mona Lisa is showing her age, museum curators (馆长) in Paris said while announcing a scientific study of the 500-year-old masterpiece. The thin poplar wood 1around L
2、eonardo da Vincis painting is showing signs of warping, causing curators at the Louvre “some worry“. The museum has 2a study to evaluate the Mona Lisas vulnerability (易受攻击) to climate changes. The painting will remain on 3during the testing, the Louvre said. “Its state of preservation is 4the source
3、 of some concern,“ a statement issued by the museum said. Deterioration (变坏) in its wood panel was “greater than that which has been 5observed,“ it added. The study, to be conducted by the Centre for Research and Restoration of Museums of France, will better 6what materials the painting is made of.
4、The painting, whose 7smile attracts millions of visitors to the Louvre, is displayed behind glass to protect it from 8changes and camera flashes. It will be put in a specially 9room in the Louvre early next year. The Mona Lisa was painted between 1503-1506 and was thought to be named after the sitte
5、r, most likely the Florentine wife of Francesco del Giocondo. It moved to France with da Vinci in the early 16th Century, where it has 10except for a short spell when it was stolen in 1911. The painting was discovered two years later in a Florence hotel. A. mysterious B. previously C. dose D. commis
6、sioned E. charity F. climatic G. intentionally H. redecorated I. interfere J. display K. determine L. currently M. panel N. suspicious O. remained（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Section B_Culture Shock A) Because Ive lived in China for a long time, l
7、ocals often smile and give me the honorable title of being “an Old China-hand“. Im flattered by that, but I know that no matter how long I live here, Ill still be a “lao-wai“. But Chinese people are very hospitable, and in many situations I feel very much at home. But it wasnt always that way. I mus
8、t admit, it is not easy to adapt to a new environment. Perhaps by sharing the experiences of one of my friends, readers will gain some insight into adjustments that they may face in the future. B) My friend Dr. Dong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting
9、. Having attended my course in Intercultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cultural differences he might experience. I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area. When he got back, we met to review his experience. Dr. Dong told me that the course
10、 information had helped him. He experienced the typical stages of culture shock. He arrived expectant (期待的) and happy and enjoyed his first days very much. At the medical conference, he felt quite confident in his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation. But after a few day
11、s, he began to feel uncomfortable. His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skills were different, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication style. C) He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table talk conventions. When someone gre
12、eted him with, “Hi, hows it going?“ he thought they had asked him “where are you going?“ and answered with the name of the conference hall, only to get a quizzical (古怪的) stare from them. At a western style dinner, a colleague asked, “So howre you enjoyin the States?“ he thought he heard, “how are yo
13、u enjoying your steak?“ and answered that he was eating chicken, not beef. That time, they smiled, and patiently repeated the question, then both laughed at the error. D) Such misunderstandings and miscommunications were minor. But for Dr. Dong, they were the beginning of a sense of “cultural confus
14、ion.“ By the end of the meetings, he felt a deep sense of “cultural stress“ and was worn out from having to pay attention to so many new expressions and ways of dealing with things. He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans, found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his
15、English was not good after they complimented him, didnt know how to accept dinner invitations properly and therefore missed out on going to several lunches, and so on. Eventually, he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of “culture shock“ E) What is culture shock and why does it occur? The
16、 term was coined about 50 years ago by the Swedish scholar, Kalvero Oberg. His seminal (有重大影响的) article, “Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments“ (1960) has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines. He called it “the occupational disease of people who have been sud
17、denly transplanted abroad.“ His use of the word “disease“ is a pun, because it implies that it is like an “ailment (疾病 ), with its own symptoms and cure,“ but also that the root cause is also a feeling of “dis-“ease, or unsettled uneasiness. F) Think back on your own experience. Have you ever moved
18、from one context to another? Many students feel some of this adjustment shock when they change from one school to another, or move from a small town to a big city. The list of sensations one feels in new surroundings often includes: Feeling like an outsider, feeling unsure of oneself or even feeling
19、 stupid; sensing that ones language skills arent good enough, missing jokes, colloquial (口语的) phrases, references to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural “insider“ information; feeling lonely and wanting to go “home,“ feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; feeling overwhelmed, overload
20、ed, daydreaming, staring blankly at things or even staring at nothing; becoming more and more afraid of communicating and of making mistakes, worried, anxious. G) These are all symptoms of initial culture shock. With a new context comes new ways of doing things. So being uninitiated (不被接纳的) and unsu
21、re of what to do, this sense of displacement is often very strong at the beginning. But the good news is that humans are very good at adapting. Though everyone undergoes some degree of psychological stress in transition, after a few weeks or months, we learn how to “read“ our new context. We become
22、aware of the new cues, the new expectations, errors, and with a lot of patience with oneself, most people succeed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy their new context. H) Dr. Dongs visit to the US was only three weeks long, but by the end of the 5-day medical conference, he was already s
23、tarting to feel more confident. Sure he felt a little foolish about some of the mistakes he had made, but he quickly learned to laugh at his errors and found his colleagues smiled with him. This broke down the barriers to communication and helped him build some good professional relationships. And a
24、fter the conference, he contacted the family I had referred him to and had a very nice time visiting them. There were some new cultural surprises, but he discovered he could better understand and adapt to them. I) By the time he returned to China, he was feeling quite positive about his American tri
25、p, and was glad for the new experiences and new skills it had given him. He had become successful in the initial transitions to a new culture. Though he had gone through some embarrassing or trying culture stresses, each had proven to be valuable learning experiences, and in the end had helped him o
26、vercome culture shock. Of course, there were a hundred other adjustments. Some were the ones most difficult at first. Getting used to new things is a normal part of any transitionI wish you good luck in your future adjustments!（分数：20.00）(1).When Dr. Dong was complimented for his English, he felt he
27、didnt deserve it（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Feeling like an outsider is one of the sensations one feels in a new environment.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Culture shock is defined as the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted to foreign countries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).For Dr. Dong, the embar
28、rassing or trying culture stresses had turned out to be valuable learning experiences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When Dr. Dong was greeted with “Hi, hows it going?“, he responded with the name of a conference hall.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dr. Dong quickly learned to laugh at his own oral mistakes, which helped
29、him break down the barriers to communication.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Since we are good at adapting, we can learn to “read“ our new context in a period as short as a few weeks or months.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dr. Dong attended a course of Intercultural Communications in order to get to know some of the cult
30、ural differences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).It was the social interaction skills that troubled Dr. Dong during his visit to the US.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).On many occasions I feel very much comfortable in China, because Chinese people are very hospitable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Section C_In only two decades Asian A
31、mericans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nations best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering de
32、partments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They ar
33、e also influenced by the promises of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with a
34、n arts degree. Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their
35、children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typ
36、ical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.（分数：10.00）(1).While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-A
37、merican students _.（分数：2.00）A.feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of EnglishB.are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian characterC.still worry about unfair treatment in academic areasD.generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents(2).What are the m
38、ajor factors that determine the success of Asian Americans?（分数：2.00）A.Solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian culture.B.Hard work and intelligence.C.Hard work and a limited knowledge of English.D.Asian culture and the American educational system.(3).Few Asian-American students major in human
39、 sciences mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.their English is not good enoughB.they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areasC.there is a wide difference between Asian and Western culturesD.they know little about American culture and society(4).Why do the two “explanations“ (Line 1, Pa
40、ra. 3) worry Asian Americans?（分数：2.00）A.They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general.B.People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success.C.Asian Americans would be a threat to other minorities.D.American academic achievements have taken on
41、 too strong an Asian character.(5).The authors tone in this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.sympatheticB.doubtfulC.criticalD.objectiveThe struggle against malnutrition (营养不良) and hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the outcome been more in doubt. Malnutrition tortures
42、 an estimated 400 million to 1.5 billion of the worlds poor. Even in the rich U.S., poverty means malnutrition for an estimated ten to twenty million. Hardest hit are children, whose growing bodies demand two and a half times more protein, than those of adults. Nutrition experts estimate that 70 per
43、cent of the children in low-income countries are affected. Badly-shaped bodies tell the sad story of malnutrition. Medical science identifies two major types of malnutrition which usually occur in combination. The first, kwashiorkor, is typified by the bloated (肿胀的 ) look, the opposite of what we as
44、sociate with starvation. Accumulated fluids pushing against wasted muscles account for the plumpness (丰满) of hands, feet, belly and face. Caused by an acute lack of protein, kwashiorkor can bring brain damage, irritability, loss of appetite and so on. On the other hand, stick limbs, a bloated belly,
45、 wide eyes, and the stretched-skin face of an old person mark victims of marasmus, a word taken from the Greek “to waste away“. Lacking calcium (钙) as well as protein, sufferers may weigh only half as much as normal. With fat gone, the skin hangs or draws tight over bones. Children, whose growing bo
46、dies require large amounts of protein, suffer in greatest numbers, but perhaps only three percent of all child victims suffer the extreme stages described. Scientists are working hard to develop new weapons against malnutrition and starvation. But two thirds of the human population of 3.9 billion li
47、ve in the poorest countries which also have the highest birth rates. Thus, of the 74 million people added to the population each year, four out of five will be born in a have-not countrya country unable to supply its peoples nutritional needs.（分数：10.00）(1).Malnutrition is_.（分数：2.00）A.not as serious as beforeB.still as serious as beforeC.more serious than beforeD.inclined to be less serious(2).The phrase “waste away“ (Line 2, Para. 3) means _.（分数：2.00）A.bec
