1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 294 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension_2.Section A_Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday. A medical
2、study of 14,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when they were 2the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer. “This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term 3effect on cancer risk in adulthood,“ Dr. Maria Maynard of th
3、e Medical Research Council in London said. All of the adults in the study had filled in a food 4during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in 5and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July
4、 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been 6. In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was 7with a lower death rate from all causes. Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic 8that can lead to the development
5、of cancer. The scientists also studied the 9of vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any 10that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit. A. impact B. efficiency C. associated D. insert E. protective F. furthermore G. decent H. diagnosed I. damage J. young K. inv
6、entory L. rural M. nearly N. evidence O. grab（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.Section B_Things You Cant Say in Canada A) Attacking our sacred cows (things or people that cannot be criticized) may turn you into one looked down upon by all othersbut it
7、can also be a lot of fun. Every culture has its unacknowledged taboosthe things you are forbidden to say or do in polite company, the accepted truths you are not allowed to doubt. You might think that a liberal, open-minded country like Canada would be free of such taboos, but youd be wrong. In spit
8、e of our belief in our own civilized tolerance, some things are simply not open to debate. If you try, youre bound to shock the neighbors. B) Its risky to question the wisdom of the tribe. You might get stoned. On the other hand, some people might walk secretly up to you afterwards and tell you that
9、 they secretly agree. So heres a challenge to a few of our nations most widely held beliefs. You say these things in public at your own danger. I will be elaborating on these points over the months to come. Feel free to stone me or secretly agreeor, even better, add to the list. At the very least, t
10、heyre sure to start a good dinner-party fight. C) Margaret Atwood writes some really awful books. The queen of Canadian literature dominates the literary world like a giant. Nobody has won more awards than she has, and nobody is more feared. There is no such a thing as a bad review of a Margaret Atw
11、ood book in Canada Thats too bad, because many of her books are tedious and unreadable, full of unpleasant characters and plot filled with torture. Why will no one say so? Because were grateful that she has put us on the global map. And because if they do, theyll never work in this country again. D)
12、 Recycling is a waste of time and money. Once upon a time it was easy to put out the trash. Today, the Garbage Gestapo rules our lives. Every household has become a mini version of the village dump, and every one of us has become a garbage picker, carefully separating our organic waste from our bott
13、les and papers, and worrying about where our different kinds of garbage are supposed to go. Dont try to sort a wine bottle into the wrong bag! The trash police will punish you. The truth about recycling is that its a giant waste of dollars and doesnt help the environment. But dont tell your kids. Th
14、ey wont believe you. Theyve been brainwashed. E) Only private enterprise can save public health care. Tommy Douglas, the CBCs Greatest Canadian, brought us universal health care. But even his plan didnt originally pay for everybodys minor diseases, such as ingrown toenails. His primary goal was to m
15、ake sure nobody faced financial ruin if they got sick. Today we have a system where controlling costs is more important than treating patients, and where ideology is disabling us. In some places, including Toronto, people go blind waiting for cataract (白内障) surgery. The government could restore thei
16、r sight tomorrow simply by sending them to a private clinic instead of to a hospital. The cost to the government would be exactly the same. But in Canada, “private“ is a dirty word, and so the government would rather you go blind. Poor Tommy would be spinning in his grave. F) David Suzuki is bad for
17、 the environment. From global warming to farmed salmon and genetically modified crops, David Suzuki has just one message: The end is near. He is our homegrown prophet of doom, who can predict what will happen in the future. He advocates the essential wickedness of the human race. Like a modern Savon
18、arola, he warns that unless we cast our material possessions into the bonfire, were all going to hell. The trouble with this predicting vision is that people are starting to isolate from the environment. And our hugely expensive investment in the unworkable Kyoto treaty, which Mr. Suzuki tells us do
19、esnt go nearly far enough, will wipe out more practical measures to cut smog and clean up our waste sites. G) A national daycare program wont do a thing to help poor kids. Cheap national daycare! Who could be against it? Its supposed to give kids a better start in life, and nobody can object to that
20、. But in Quebec, where the program started, universal daycare has turned out to be nothing more than a giant (and extremely costly) subsidy for relatively well-off middle-class parents. Few poor parents use the system. No doubt convenient daycare is a gift sent by god for many people. But so far the
21、re is no definitive evidence that kids who go to daycare go on to do better in school or in life. So if we want to invest billions in helping kids, why are we spending it on the kids who need help the least? H) Group of Seven artists are overexposed genre (类型) painters. I like A.Y. Jackson as much a
22、s you do. His paintings remind me of when I went to summer camp. I grew up with a reproduction of The West Wind hanging in our living room. (That was by Tom Thomson, who wasnt really a member of Group of Seven, but never mind.) Group of Seven were the first artists to depict the wild Canadian landsc
23、ape, and they were bold young rebels in their time. But that time was 80 years ago. Today their work is the essence of bourgeois picture-postcard artthe kind of art its safe to take your mother to see. Enough, already. Maybe its time we moved on. I) The United States is the greatest force for ever t
24、he world has ever known. Of all the shocking things you can say around the dinner table, this is the most shocking one. After all, America-criticizing is part of our national identity. At best, we see our neighbor as a well-intentioned but arrogant and wrong-doing bully (欺负弱小者) that throws its weigh
25、t around too much. At worst, we see our neighbor as one of the most evil nations in the world. And yet, right now, hundreds of millions of people in desperately poor parts of the world are being liberated from millennia of suffering and serfdom. Why? Because of the United States, which has spread it
26、s idea of economic freedomand its purchasing poweraround the world.（分数：20.00）(1).David Suzuki believes that “the end is near“, and he is regarded as a local prophet of doom.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).In Quebec, the national daycare system is seldom used by poor parents.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Thanks to the Uni
27、ted States, desperately poor parts of the world are being liberated from millennia of suffering and serfdom.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Margaret Atwood has been regarded as the queen of Canadian Literature.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Criticizing the United States is the Canadas national identity.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6)
28、.Almost everyone in Canada becomes a garbage picker and carefully sorts out different kinds of garbage.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The Kyoto treaty was aimed at solving pollution problems.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Canada is a country that is liberal and open-minded.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).As “private“ is regarded as
29、a dirty word, the government isnt willing to send patients to a private clinic.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Group of Seven were the first artists to depict the wild Canadian landscape.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Section C_In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ough
30、t not to pay more than they have to for a given service. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip. A paper analyzing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 dif
31、ferent restaurants shows that the relationship between larger tips and better service was very weak Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become establ
32、ished; it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, free ti
33、pping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers co-author, countries in which people are more outgoi
34、ng, sociable or neurotic (神经质的) tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. “And,“ says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.
35、“ Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tipa measure of their introversion (内向) and lack of neuroses, no doubt. While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually encourage
36、 the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry of mean tippers that service people should “just be paid a decent wage“ may actually make economic sense.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can understand that Americans _.（分数：2.00）A.are reluctant to give tips, but t
37、hey still do soB.like to give tips to service people to help them financiallyC.are willing to give tips because they love the practiceD.are giving fewer and fewer tips(2).We can learn from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.tips are voluntary in AmericaB.tipping is rare in many Asian countriesC.p
38、eople dont tip in EuropeD.tipping is now popular in Iceland(3).Based on Michael Lynns theory, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Nervous people do not usually tip.B.American people are anxious.C.Icelanders dont like to show off.D.People will ignore you if you tip badly.(4).Michael Lynn is mos
39、t probably _.（分数：2.00）A.an economistB.a writerC.a psychologistD.a sociologist(5).What does the author think about the relationship between service and tip?（分数：2.00）A.Bigger tips bring about better service.B.Good service should be rewarded with tips.C.Tips are effective in improving service.D.Tips ca
40、nnot help prompt better service.Its 10 pm. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does. The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once doctors arrive, the chip will also be able to tell them which drugs are not suitable for little Johnny or Janie. At the
41、hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history. And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chipthe one embedded in your hand. To some, this may sound unbelieva
42、ble. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly patients. It could be used as credit cards and people wont have to carry wallets anymore. On the other hand, some are already wonderin
43、g what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty. “Any technology of this kind could result in abuse of personal privacy,“ says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “If a kid can be tracked, do you want other people to be able to t
44、rack your kid? Its a double-edged sword.“ Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Florida, says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded (编码) with bits of i
45、nformation and embedded in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip gives the data. Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips, which give information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chipssuch as the proposed Digital Angel of the f
46、uturewill give out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips. In addition to technical problems, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy
47、issues would have to be cleared as well.（分数：10.00）(1).By using the example in the first two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that _.（分数：2.00）A.chips are usually used to locate lost childrenB.chips are more convenient than credit cardsC.chips will soon be useful in many aspects of daily livesD.chips will bring out the issue of abuse of personal privacy(2).What is the attitude of Lee Tien towards the chips?（分数：2.00）A.Negative.B.Indiff
