1、大学英语四级真题 2010 年 12 月及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目
2、前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? . （分数：15.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather
3、than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It
4、is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these
5、 ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to b
6、etter housing and the children were assessed for ADHDattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A study in Sweden indicat
7、ed that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire sch
8、ool. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the s
9、ocial hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with it
10、s harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the ch
11、ildren themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs
12、 rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in fin
13、ding that quality. In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal So
14、ciety for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. We tend to look on nature con
15、servation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammal
16、s (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk
17、 through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural
18、 world Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open spa
19、ce. In the garden, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside wit
20、h a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildne
21、ss in your life. Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It la
22、sts forever, after all. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。 （分数：10.00）(1).What is the authors profound belief? （分数：1.00）A.People instinctively seek nature in different ways.B.People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C.People have quite different perceptions of nature.D.People must make more efforts to s
23、tudy nature.(2).What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays? （分数：1.00）A.Personal freedom.B.Things that are natural.C.Urban surroundings.D.Things that are purchased.(3).What does a study in Sweden show? （分数：1.00）A.The natural environment can help children learn better.B.More ac
24、cess to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C.A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D.Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.(4).Children who have chances to explore natural areas -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.tend to develop a strong love for scienceB.are more
25、 likely to fantasise about wildlifeC.tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD.are less likely to be involved in bullying(5).What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? （分数：1.00）A.Find more effective drugs for them.B.Provide more green spaces for them.C.Place them under more per
26、sonal care.D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.(6). In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? （分数：1.00）A.They look on life optimistically.B.They are able to live longer.C.They enjoy a life of better qualityD.They become good-humoured.(7).Dr William Bird suggests i
27、n his study that -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.humanity and nature are complementary to each otherB.wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in peopleC.access to nature contributes to the reduction of violenceD.it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged(8). It is extremely harmful to think that human
28、ity and the natural world can be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).The author believes that we would not be so civilised without 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek 1 with the natural world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Listening Compr
29、ehens(总题数：1，分数：8.00)（分数：8.00）A.The man should visit the museumsB.The beach resort is a good choice.C.She cant stand the hot weather.D.She enjoys staying in Washington.A.Her new responsibilities in the company.B.What her job prospects are.C.What the customers feedback is.D.The directors opinion of he
30、r work.A.Combine her training with dieting.B.Repeat the training every three days.C.Avoid excessive physical training.D.Include weightlifting in the program.A.When she will return home.B.Whether she can go by herself.C.Whether she can travel by air.D.When she will completely recover.A.The woman know
31、s how to deal with the police.B.The woman had been fined many times before.C.The woman had violated traffic regulations.D.The woman is good at finding excuses.A.Switch off the refrigerator for a while.B.Have someone repair the refrigerator.C.Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.D.Buy a refrigerator o
32、f better quality.A.He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.B.He has got enough money to buy a house.C.He can finally do what he has dreamed of.D.He is moving into a bigger apartment.A.She is black and blue all over.B.She has to go to see a doctor.C.She stayed away from work for a few days.D.She
33、 got hurt in an accident yesterday.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：7.00)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：3.00）A.She was a bank manager.B.She was a victim of the robbery.C.She was a defence lawyer.D.She was a witness to the crime.A.A tall man with dark hair and a moustach
34、e.B.A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.C.A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.D.A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.A.Identify the suspect from pictures.B.Have her photo taken for their files.C.Go upstairs to sign some document.D.Verify the record of what she had said.Questi
35、ons 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：4.00）A.By reading a newspaper adB.By listening to the morning news.C.By seeing a commercial on TV.D.By calling an employment service.A.She could improve her foreign languages.B.She could work close to her family.C.She could travel ov
36、erseas frequently.D.She could use her previous experiences.A.Taking management courses.B.Working as a secretary.C.Teaching English at a university.D.Studying for a degree in French.A.Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.B.Read the advertisement again for more details.C.Send in a written appl
37、ication as soon as possible.D.Get to know the candidates on the short list.五、Directions: In this (总题数：3，分数：9.00)Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：3.00）A.They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.B.They do not realize the danger they are in.C
38、.They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.D.They mistake the firefighters for monsters.A.He travels all over America to help put out fires.B.He often teaches children what to do during a fire.C.He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.D.He provides oxygen masks to children free of char
39、ge.A.He saved the life of his brother choking on food.B.He rescued a student from a big fire.C.He is very good at public speaking.D.He gives informative talks to young children.A.Firefighters play an important role in America.B.Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.C.Carelessness can result
40、 in tragedies.D.Informative speeches can save lives.Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：3.00）A.To satisfy the needs of their family.B.To fully realize their potential.C.To make money for early retirement.D.To gain a sense of their personal worth.A.They ma
41、y have to continue to work in old age.B.They may regret the time they wasted.C.They may have nobody to depend on in the future.D.They may have fewer job opportunities.A.Making wise use of your time.B.Enjoying yourself while you can.C.Saving as much as you can.D.Working hard and playing hard.Passage
42、Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：3.00）A.Hardworking students being accused of cheating.B.Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.C.Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.D.Junior employees being made to work overtime.A.Forbidding students to t
43、ake food out of the restaurant.B.Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.C.Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.D.Allowing only two students to enter at a time.A.He was taken to the manager.B.He was asked to leave.C.He was closely watchedD.He was overcharged.六、Section C(总题
44、数：1，分数：11.00)Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) 1 our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) 2their heritage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) 3, colleges, busine
45、ss, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the timeor talking to them in writing in online (39) 4 rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) 5 than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) 6 to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) 7 and discuss their
46、 classroom assignments and to (43) 8 them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) 9. Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) 10. No matter what the content of the message, its r
47、eal point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.” (46) 11, but only in the success of human relationships. （分数：11.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：0.00)八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Questions 47 to 56 are based on th
48、e following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research tha
