1、大学英语四级真题 2009年 12月及答案解析(总分：121.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part I Writing (30 m(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of create a green campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园十分重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色环
2、境 3. 为了建设绿色校园我们应该（分数：15.00）_二、Part II Reading Comp(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid* Good grades and high test scores still mattera lotto many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the co
3、llege-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examing whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average
4、merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarship
5、s altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for exa
6、mple, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who dont meet need eligibility (资格) have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an importantrevenue-builder because many recipients still
7、pay enough tuition dollars over and above scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles. “Theyre trying to buy students,” says Skidmore Collleg
8、e economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has o
9、ffered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who dont meet need eligibility (资格) have been willing to pay
10、whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an importantrevenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious
11、schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles. “Theyre trying to buy students,” says Skidmore Colllege economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enro
12、ll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Reports ranking of the best liberal
13、arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $1 milion a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that dont need financial aid doesnt feel right any more.” Need-based ai
14、d remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased
15、212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the states public institutions. But in recent years, a growing chorus (异口同声) of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton
16、 and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that theres this destructive competition going on.” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing s
17、o, they would lose top students to their competitors. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption (豁免) from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. “This is a merry-go-round thats going very fas
18、t, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.” A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who dont qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to
19、 increase, the line between merit and need blurs. That is one reason Allegheny College doesnt plan to drop merit aid entirely. “We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Alleghenys vice president for enrol
20、lment. Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment (捐赠), meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. “Yeah,
21、were playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong points, too, he says, “The fact of the matter is, its not just about the lowest-income people. Its the average American middle-class family whos being priced out of the market.
22、” *A few words about merit-based aid: Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. Academic merit scholarships are based on students grades, GPA and overall academic performance during
23、 high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as
24、long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a tearcher as part of the qualification process. Athletic merit scholarships are meant for student that excel (突出) in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recomme
25、ndation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generall
26、y includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio （选辑） of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them da
27、ncing. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1上作答。（分数：10.00）(1).With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.offering students more merit-based aidB.revising their financial aid policies C.increasing the amount of financial aidD.changing their admission proces
28、ses解析：本题的题干关键词是 more and more，low-income students 和 pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段 (2).What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago? （分数：1.00）A.It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B.It added $2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C.It phased out its m
29、erit-based scholarships altogether.D.It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students. 解析：原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么？ 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称 Allegheny College in Meadville和 do，由此定位到原文第三段。 (3).The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.improve tea
30、ching qualityB.boost their enrollmentsC.attract good students D.increase their revenues解析： 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是。 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 rankings-conscious和 purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。 (4).Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believed -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.it doesnt pay to spend $1 milli
31、on a year to raise its rankingB.it gives students motivation to award academic achievementsC.its illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its studentsD.its not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition 解析：【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡?英泽相信。 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 Monica Inzer, dean of admission
32、 and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。 (5).In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to -|_|-. （分数：1.00）A.more government funding to collegesB.fierce competition among institutions C.the increasing number of top studentsD.schools improved financial situa
33、tions解析：【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为。 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 merit-based aid和 increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。 (6).What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird? （分数：1.00）A.They would like to see it reduced. B.They regard it as a necessary evil.C.They think it does more
34、 harm than good.D.They consider it unfair to middle-class families.解析：【原题译文】依大卫?莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么？ 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 David Laird，attitude，private colleges 和 merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。 (7).Why doesnt Allegheny College plan to drop merit entirely? （分数：1.00）A.Rising tuitions have made college unafford
35、able for middle-class families.B.With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C.Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it. D.Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.解析：【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金？ 【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和 d
36、rop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。 (8).Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：qualified）解析：【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续 -|_|-。 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships 和recipient，由此即可定位到原文 A few words about mer
37、it-based aid这一部分。(9).Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a refereewho -|_|- their exceptional athletic performance（分数：1.00）_正确答案：(recognizes )解析：【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有 -|_|-其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 athletic和 a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文 A few wo
38、rds about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。 (10).Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their 1 in aparticular artistic field.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：excellence）解析： 【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域 -|_|-的证明。【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence 和
39、show，由此可定位到原文 A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。 三、Part III Listening C(总题数：15，分数：15.00)2.Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation an
40、d the questions will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
41、2 上作答。（分数：1.00）A.Get some small change. B.Find a shopping center.C.Cash a check at a bank.D.Find a parking meter.解析： A) Get some small change. A）换取零钱。 B) Find a shopping center. B）找一个购物中心。C) Cash a check at a bank. C）在银行兑现支票。 D) Find a parking meter. D) 找一个停车计费器。【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接
42、找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。 【正确项分析】由but后的 money changer可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项 B (购物中心)和选项 D (停车) 二个场景，答案应在选项 A、C 当中。C 选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项 A。 A.Shopping with his son.B.Buying a gift for a child. C.Promoting a new product.D.Bargaining with a salesgirl.解析： A) Shopping wit
43、h his son. A) 与儿子一起购物。 B) Buying a gift for a child. B) 给孩子买礼物。 C) Promoting a new product. C) 促销新产品。 D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D) 与女售货员讨价还价。 【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与 11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项 C，因为只有 C选项是关于“出售”（促销），而其它选项都和“购买”有关；答案应在选项 A、B、D 中。 【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了 sug
44、gest，其后必有答案，女生提到 toy train和 brand，加上男生说的school boy，可确定答案为选项 B。 【干扰项分析】A 选项中的 son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项 D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。 【原文及译文】 M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like? W: Id suggest this toy train, sir. Its an excellent brand. Very popular all over the w
45、orld these days. Q: What is the man doing? 男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗？ 女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。 问题：男士正在做什么？ A.Taking photographs. B.Enhancing images.C.Mending cameras.D.Painting pictures.解析： A) Taking photographs. A) 拍照。 B) Enhancing images. B) 突显形象。 C) Mending cameras. C) 修理相机。 D) Painti
46、ng pictures. D) 画画。 【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项 D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到taking pictures（拍照），由此确定话题方向。 【正确项分析】女士说话中提到 taking pictures，与选项 A中的 taking photographs一致，答案为 A选项。 【原文及译文】 W: Do you let people know when youre taking pictures of them? M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person
47、 who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗？ 男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。 问题：讲话人在谈论什么？ A.He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B.He can provide little useful information.C.He will show the woman around Baltimore.D.He
48、will ask someone else to help the woman. 解析： A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. A) 他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。 B) He can provide little useful information. B) 他提供不了太多有用信息。 C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. C) 他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。 D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. D) 他将找其他人来帮助女士。 【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。 本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词 move to，provide，show around 和 ask。 【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用 but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为 B选项。 【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除 A选项。选项 C没有提
