1、大学英语四级真题 2008 年 12 月及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用。 2. 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题。 3. 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义。 B Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Thats enough, kids/BIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was e
2、njoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“Id watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child hed shoved,“ she says. “I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and
3、said, firmly, No, we dont push.“ What happened next was unexpected.“The boys mother ran toward me from across the park,“ Stella says. “I thought she was coming over to apologise, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child. All I did was let him know his behaviour was unaccepta
4、ble. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?“Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sisters house its
5、 encouraged. For her its about kids being kids: “If you cant do it at three, when can you do it?“Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunts house. But I find myself saying “no“ a lot when her kids are over at mine. Thats OK between sisters but becomes
6、 dangerous territory when youre talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids arent all raised the same,“ agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University. “But theres still an idea that theyre the property of the parents. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if youre sa
7、ying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then thats somehow a criticism of me.“In those circumstances, ifs difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought,“Id go to the child first,“ says Andrew Fuller, author of Trick). Kids. “Us
8、ually a quiet reminder that we dont do that here is enough. Kids have finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.“He points out that bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can brin
9、g its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. “Raise your concerns with the parents if theyre there and ask them to deal with it,“ she says.Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well
10、 as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: I know you will think Im silly but in my house I dont want.“When it comes to situations where youre caring for another child, White is straightforward: “Common sense must prevail. If things dont go well then ha
11、ve a chat.“Therere a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “Now you cant do it without feeling uneasy about it,“ White says.Men might also feel uneasy about dealing with other peoples children. “Men feel nervous,“ White says. “A new se
12、t of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.“For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone. “The rules are different now from when todays parents were growing up,“ he says. “Adults are scared of saying, Dont swear, or
13、 asking a child to stand up on a bus. Theyre worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out-either from older children, or their parents.“He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy(礼貌), and says that adults suffer from it as much as children.Mered
14、ith Fuller agrees. “A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.“Its about what Im doing and what I need,“ Andrew Fuller says. “The days when a kid came
15、home from school and said, I got into trouble, and dad said, You probably deserved it, are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.“This jumping to our childrens defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells“ feeling that surrounds our dealings with oth
16、er peoples children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, youre going to have to deal with the parent. Its admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,“ White says. “I suspect that it
17、s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school-better-educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.“White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. “Today we have a situation where, in many families, both parents work, so the
18、 amount of time children get from parents has diminished,“ she says.“Also, sometimes when we talk about being child-centred, its a way of talking about treating our children like commodities (商品). Were centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearan
19、ce and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.“One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchis intervention(干预) on her sons behalf ended in an undignifi
20、ed exchange of insulting words with the other boys mother.As Bianchi approached the park bench where shed been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he wa
21、s challenged.“Andrew Fuller doesnt believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other peoples kids. “Look at kids that arent your own as a potential minefield,“ he says. He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.（分数：70.00）(1).What did
22、 Stella Bianchi expect the young boys mother to do when she talked to him?（分数：7.00）A.Make an apology.B.Discipline her own boy.C.Come over to intervene.D.Take her own boy away.(2).What does the author say about dealing with other peoples children?（分数：7.00）A.Its important not to hurt them in any way.B
23、.Its no use trying to stop their wrongdoing.C.Its advisable to treat them as ones own kids.D.Its possible for one to get into lots of trouble.(3).According to Professor Naomi White of Monash University, when ones kids are criticised, their parents will probably feel（分数：7.00）A.discouragedB.puzzledC.h
24、urtD.overwhelmed(4).What should one do when seeing other peoples kids misbehave according to Andrew Fuller?（分数：7.00）A.Talk to them directly in a mild way.B.Simply leave them alone.C.Complain to their parents politely.D.Punish them lightly.(5).Due to the child-centric nature of our society, _.（分数：7.0
25、0）A.parents are worded when their kids swear at themB.people are reluctant to point our kids wrongdoingsC.people think it improper to criticize kids in publicD.many conflicts arise between parents and their kids(6).In a world where everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, _.（分数：7.00）A.
26、its easy for people to become impatientB.its important to be friendly to everybodyC.its different to create a code of conductD.its hard for people to admire each other(7).How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?（分数：7.00）A.Theyd question the teachers.B.Theyd tell the
27、kids to calm down.C.Theyd charge up to the school.D.Theyd put the blame on their kids.(8).Professor White believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Professor White, todays parents treat their children as something they _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(1
28、0).Andrew Fuller suggests that, when kids behave inappropriately, people should not _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.Only true friendship can last long.B.She keeps in regular touch with her classmat
29、es.C.Letter writing is going out of style.D.She has lost contact with most of her old friends.A.A painter.B.A porter.C.A mechanic.D.A carpenter.A.Look for a place near her office.B.Make inquiries elsewhere.C.Find a new job down the street.D.Rent the $600 apartment.A.He prefers to wear jeans with a l
30、arger waist.B.He has gained some weight lately.C.He has been extremely busy recently.D.He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.A.The woman possesses a natural talent for art.B.He isnt good at abstract thinking.C.Women have a better artistic taste than men.D.He doesnt like abstract paintings.A.
31、She couldnt have left her notebook in the library.B.She may have put her notebook amid the journals.C.She should have made careful notes while doing reading.D.She shouldnt have read his notes without his knowing it.A.She wants to get some sleep.B.She has a literature class to attend.C.She needs time
32、 to write a paper.D.She is troubled by her sleep problem.A.He is confident he will get the job.B.It isnt easy to find a qualified sales manager.C.His chance of getting the job is slim.D.The interview didnt go as well as he expected.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just hear
33、d./B（分数：21.00）A.He can manage his time more flexibly.B.He can concentrate on his own projects.C.He can renew contact with his old friends.D.He can learn to do administrative work.A.Reading its ads in the newspapers.B.Contacting its manager.C.Calling its personnel department.D.Searching its website.A
34、.To cut down its production expenses.B.To improve its administrative efficiency.C.To solve the problem of staff shortage.D.To utilize its retired employees resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Buy a tractor.B.See a piece of property.C.Fix a house
35、.D.Sign a business contract.A.It is only forty miles from where they live.B.It was bought at a price lower than expected.C.It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.D.It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.A.Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B.It may not be big enough for raising corn.C
36、.Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.D.Raising potatoes will be more profitable.A.Finances.B.Equipment.C.Labor.D.Profits.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.To introduce the chief of the citys police force.B.T
37、o address the issue of community security.C.To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest.D.To explain the functions of the city council.A.He has distinguished himself in city management.B.He completed his higher education abroad.C.He is head of the International Police Force.D.He holds a masters de
38、gree in criminology.A.To coordinate work among police departments.B.To help the residents in times of emergency.C.To get police officers closer to the local people.D.To enable the police to take prompt action.A.Popular.B.Effective.C.Discouraging.D.Controversial:BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are bas
39、ed on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.People differ greatly in their ability to communicate.B.Most public languages are inherently vague.C.There are numerous languages in existence.D.Big gaps exist between private and public languages.A.It is a sign of human intelligence.B.It is someth
40、ing we are born with.C.It improves with constant practice.D.It varies from person to person.A.How private languages are developed.B.How people create their languages.C.How different languages are related.D.How children learn to use language.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage y
41、ou have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She was a tailor.B.She was an educator.C.She was an engineer.D.She was a public speaker.A.Basing them on science-fiction movies.B.Adjusting them to different audiences.C.Including interesting examples in them.D.Focusing on the latest progress in space science.A.Wheth
42、er spacemen carry weapons.B.How NASA trains its spacemen.C.How spacesuits protect spacemen.D.What spacemen eat and drink.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the U(36) /U will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been
43、high in multicultural industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new U(37) /U has appeared on the world U(38) /U-rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few U(39) /U. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, U(40) /U and auto theft are clearly rising, U(41) /U in ea
44、stern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the United Kingdom.What is driving this crime U(42) /U? There are no simple answers. Still, therere certain conditions U(43) /U with rising crime: increasing heterogeneity(混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism,
45、 higher immigration, democratization of governments, U(44) /UThese conditions are increasing observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece, U(45) /UMulticulturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
46、but it can. also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and U(46) /U （分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)A bookless life is an incomplete life.
47、 Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural U(47) /U for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers mm U(48) /U to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to U(49) /U from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find
