1、大学英语四级综合-38 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneThere is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationship
2、s between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the prog
3、ress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. Wh
4、at scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwins theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produ
5、ced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serv
6、e people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic (人道主义的) if it is to lead to a better world.（分数：45.00）(1).The word “observable“(Line 3, Par（分数：9.00）A.1) means_A. remarkableB. outst
7、andingC. conspicuousD. visible(2).Which of the following may be representative of science?（分数：9.00）A.The improvement of peoples life.B.The theory of peoples life.C.Farming tools.D.Mass production.(3).According to the author, scientific theories_（分数：9.00）A.must be strictly objectiveB.usually take int
8、o consideration peoples likes and dislikesC.should conform to popular opinionsD.always appear in perfect and finished forms(4).The author states that technology itself_（分数：9.00）A.is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB.should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themse
9、lvesC.will lead to a better world if put to wise useD.will inevitably be for bad purpose(5).The tone of the author in this passage is_（分数：9.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.factualD.criticalPassage TwoIn the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events.
10、They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect
11、 how you deal with stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live u
12、nder stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness“. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy the articles said avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to fol
13、low. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many-like the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid. Moreover any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription 处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be compl
14、etely fiee of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable(脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity(逆境) . But what about human initiative and creativity? Many
15、come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.（分数：45.00）(1).The result of Holmes Rahes medical research tells us_（分数：9.00）A.the way you handle major
16、 events may cause stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stressD.how to cope with sudden changes in life(2).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows_（分数：9.00）A.how much pressure you are underB.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event c
17、an beD.how you can deal with life-changing events(3).The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _（分数：9.00）A.widespread concern over its hannful effectsB.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobs(
18、4).Why is “such simplistic advice“(Line 1, Par（分数：9.00）A.3) impossible to follow?A. No one can stay on the same job for long.B. No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C. People have to get married someday.D. You could be missing opportunities as well.(5).According to the passage people who
19、 have experienced ups and downs may become_（分数：9.00）A.nervous when faced with difficultiesB.physically and mentally strainedC.more capable of coping with adversityD.indifferent toward what happens to themPassage ThreeThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.
20、 An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure
21、 of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to make such
22、 personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends
23、into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision
24、to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the moral of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statist
25、ical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and
26、longevity.（分数：45.00）(1).The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _（分数：9.00）A.personal health choices help cure most illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could lead to poor h
27、ealth(2).To “live a completely sedentary life style“(Line 5, Par（分数：9.00）A.2) means _A. to live an inactive lifeB. to live a decent lifeC. to live a life with complete freedomD. to live a life of vice(3).Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _（分数：9.00）A.current medical know
28、ledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevityD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends(4).To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to
29、_（分数：9.00）A.improving the quality of ones lifeB.limiting ones personal health choiceC.deliberately ending ones lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior(5).According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on _（分数：9.00）A.personal decisionsB.laws of societyC.statistical evidenceD.op
30、inions of friendsPassage FourThe Docklands Light Railway(DLR) took just three years to build at a cost of 77 million. It is Londons first Light Rail System, but its route follows that of a number of older lines, which carried the nineteenth century railways through the crowded districts of the East
31、End.The section of the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar follows the line of one of Londons earliest railways, the London on board each vehicle, Train Captains, who are also fully qualified drivers, are equipped with two-way radios to maintain contact with central control. There are pass
32、enger lifts, and self-service ticket machines, at every station.（分数：45.00）(1).The passage tells us that Londons first Light Rail System _（分数：9.00）A.was constructed in the nineteenth centuryB.will be finished in three years timeC.follows some of the original linesD.took three years longer than expect
33、ed to complete(2).We learn from the passage that the London technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships;
34、 technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the trut
35、h within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwins theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more tha
36、n likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not ha
37、ve the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage fo
38、r themselves. Technology must be humanistic (人道主义的) if it is to lead to a better world.（分数：45.00）(1).The word “observable“(Line 3, Par（分数：9.00）A.1) means_A. remarkableB. outstandingC. conspicuousD. visible解析：语义题。结合文意可知，该词指自然界中“能看见的”现象。A(不平常的，出众的)、B(优秀的，突出的)、C(引人注意的)、D(看得见的，可观察到的)，所以 D 正确。(2).Which o
39、f the following may be representative of science?（分数：9.00）A.The improvement of peoples life.B.The theory of peoples life. C.Farming tools.D.Mass production.解析：细节题。文章第一段提出，科学是回答理论问题的方法，涉及发现事实及现象之间的联系，因此最有代表性的表述是 B，其他三项与技术有关。(3).According to the author, scientific theories_（分数：9.00）A.must be strictly
40、objective B.usually take into consideration peoples likes and dislikesC.should conform to popular opinionsD.always appear in perfect and finished forms解析：细节题。文章第三段第二句指出，科学家努力去理解宇宙，以最高的精确性和确定性认识真理，不能考虑自己或别人的喜好，也不能顾及大众关于事物适应性的意见，因此选 A。(4).The author states that technology itself_（分数：9.00）A.is responsi
41、ble for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB.should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC.will lead to a better world if put to wise use D.will inevitably be for bad purpose解析：细节题。作者指出，技术涉及人的问题，因此技术本身不能对污染和资源耗竭负责，故排除 A；技术也不能仅仅使想给自己谋福利的人受益，因此排除 B；D 项意思是技术不可避免会应用于坏的目的，表述绝对化，错
42、误；C 项符合题干意思。(5).The tone of the author in this passage is_（分数：9.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.factual D.critical解析：推断题。作者论述了科学与技术的区别，并把重点放在两者发展过程中的区别上，是一种对客观事实的分析判断，因此选 C。Passage TwoIn the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated
43、 the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal wi
44、th stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worr
45、ied over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness“. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy the articles said avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if str
46、essful events are dangerous, many-like the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid. Moreover any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription 处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely fiee of st
47、ress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable(脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity(逆境) . But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through per
48、iods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.（分数：45.00）(1).The result of Holmes Rahes medical research tells us_（分数：9.00）A.the way you handle major events may caus
49、e stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stress D.how to cope with sudden changes in life解析：细节题。文章第一段主要讲了 Holmes 和 Rahe 研究出一份测试表，此表显示，生活中的重大变化都会引起压力，这包括负面的事件和正面的事件，因此选 C。(2).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows_（分数：9.00）A.how much pressure you are under B.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing events解析：细节题。第一段第四句讲到，Homes-Rahe 测试只显示出你所受到的压力程度，因此 A 正确。
