1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 The Lost Art of Listening “Why wont he even l
2、isten to my idea?“ “Why am I cut off before I provide the whole story?“ How many times have you been frustrated by someone not listening to what you have to say? How many times have you frustrated others by not listening to them? We tend to think that listening is the same as hearing; but listening
3、is the art of being alert to the problems of the person you are with. Problems caused by not listening can be serious, not only at work, but also with family and friends. Many times we jump in to say whats on our minds before weve even acknowledged what the other person has said, short circuiting th
4、e possibility of mutual understanding. Speaking without listening, hearing without understanding. In fact were often baffled and dismayed by the feeling of being left sitting around in the dark. Good managers are good listeners Effective managers are proactive (主动的 ) listeners. They dont wait for me
5、mbers of their staff to come to them; they make an active effort to find out what people think and feel by asking them. The manager who meets frequently with staff members keeps informed and, even more importantly, communicates interest in the people themselves. An open-door policy allows access, bu
6、t it doesnt substitute for an active campaign of reaching out and listening to people. The manager who doesnt ask questions communicates that he or she doesnt care. And if he or she doesnt listen, the message is “Im not there for you.“ Even if a manager decides not to follow a subordinates suggestio
7、n, listening with sincere interest conveys respect and makes the employee feel appreciated. Communicating by memo or e-mail however witty or informal is not substitute for personal contact, because it closes off the chance to listen. Simply going through the motions of meeting with people doesnt wor
8、k either. The fake listener doesnt fool anyone. Poor eye contact, shuffling feet, busy hands, and meaningless replies, like “Thats interesting“ and “Is that right?“ give them away. The insincere listeners lack of interest in the conversation betrays a larger problem: lack of interest in the person w
9、ith whom the listener is communicating. Most people dont listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply. Even at work, where performance takes priority over relationships, listening carefully to understand the other persons point of view before you even think about replyi
10、ng is the key to productive communication. Effective managers develop a routine in which communication time is an integral part of the job. They meet with their staff and ask questions. They dont react before gathering all the facts. If they dont know what their people are thinking and feeling, they
11、 ask and they listen. What if your boss doesnt listen? When we dont feel heard by our superiors, few of us give up right away. We write memos, we ask to meet with them, we try to communicate our needs and convey our points of view. Then we give up. Frequently, we complain to our coworkers and our fa
12、mily and friends. Venting feelings of frustration with third parties rather than addressing conflicts at their source can take on epidemic proportions in work settings. Sometimes it takes the form of gossip, running down someone whos not present. But, some of you might be thinking, my boss really is
13、 insensitive. Ive tried to talk to him, and he just doesnt listen. The mistake people make in trying to get through to unreceptive superiors is the same mistake most of us make in dealing with the difficult people in our lives: we try to change them. And when that doesnt work, we give up. Instead, s
14、tart by examining your own expectations. What do you want and how are you programmed to go about getting it? Are you expecting to have your personal needs met at work? Do you work hard and wait patiently for the boss to tell you that youre doing a great job, like a good little boy or girl? Be carefu
15、l Listening is important at work because it enables people to understand each other, get along and get the job done. But dont get too personal. Dont let your compassion allow someone to talk about dieir personal problems, which is interfering with work. This may be happening if youre the only person
16、 he talks to. A good supervisor keeps channels of communication open and keeps them focused on the task at hand by asking for frequent feedback about how things are going (on the job). “What do you like and dislike so far about working here?“ “Is there anything you think we should change to make thi
17、ngs smoother?“ Remember that it can be intimidating for subordinates to give criticism or make suggestions. If you want them to feel safe enough to open up, reassure them that you appreciate their ideas. “Im glad you spoke up.“ “Thanks for letting me know.“ “I didnt realize. Im glad you told me.“ Li
18、stening to the people we work with isnt the same as becoming friends with them. Many people worry that if we allow ourselves to get personal at the workplace, things might get sticky. But those who think that effective teamwork isnt about listening (its about getting things done) are wrong. Without
19、being heard we are diminished, as workers and as people. Keep in mind the difference between dissent (异议 ) and defiance (挑衅 ). Defiance means attacking the other persons position and making him wrong. Dissent means having the courage to stand up for what you think and feel. Its the difference betwee
20、n saying “Youre wrong“ and “This is how I feel.“ Clearly, a dissenting message is much easier to hear than a defiant one. The listener is more willing and interested in hearing a dissenters objection. Someone who hears a defiant objection will tend to either ignore the comment or be rudely counter-d
21、efiant. This is a common problem that tends to increase barriers between people, something you dont want in a work environment where teamwork is necessary. Careful listening is difficult and takes practice to improve. Try harder to understand the other persons perspective. 1 Effective managers make
22、an active effort to _. （ A） keep informed of what a staff member thinks （ B） keep his staff members informed of new policies （ C） keep his staff members interested to communicate （ D） let his staff members come to him 2 When a manager adopts open-door policy, he_. （ A） actively reaches out and liste
23、ns to the staff （ B） doesnt care what his staffs think about （ C） only gives access to his staff to talk to him （ D） will follow a subordinates suggestion 3 What larger problem does the insincere listeners lack of interest in the conversation betray? （ A） Lack of interest in the person with whom the
24、 listener is communicating. （ B） Lack of interest in the person who likes to talk with others. （ C） Lack of respect for the person whos involved in the conversation. （ D） Lack of respect for the person whos being talked about in the conversation. 4 The key to productive communication is to _. （ A） l
25、isten with the intent to understand （ B） listen with the intent to reply （ C） think carefully about the relationships （ D） care about the listeners performance 5 When we dont feel heard by our superiors, most of us wont _. （ A） write memos （ B） ask to meet with them （ C） express our needs and opinio
26、ns （ D） give up immediately 6 It is not allowed to talk about personal problems at work, because_. （ A） it is harmful to decision-making （ B） it is harmful to mental health （ C） it interferes with work （ D） it interferes with your life 7 The saying “This is how I feel“ can be classified as_. （ A） an
27、 objective message （ B） a biased message （ C） a dissenting message （ D） a defiant message 8 Personal contact can never be replaced by communicating by _ which might be witty and informal. 9 If an employee wants to communicate with an unreceptive boss, he should start by examining his own expectation
28、s rather than trying to_. 10 A good supervisor frequently asks for feedback about how things are going so that he can _ 10 What is pop culture? Well, pop is【 11】 for popular. The beginning of pop culture can often be related to popular movies, television shows, music stars and sports figures. Pop cu
29、lture is also improved by business and【 12】 The most common examples of American pop culture【 13】 among high school and college students.【 14】 set by famous people quickly become part of young peoples lifestyles. American pop culture has spread around the world. One major reason for its【 15】 is that
30、 English is a worldwide language. English is the language of diplomacy, international business and communication. Since language and culture go together, learning English means becoming【 16】 of English-speaking cultures. Also, America is a world leader in movies, music and magazines. The kind of Ame
31、rican culture communicated in those【 17】 is pop culture. Finally, pop culture is easy to【 18】 and to export. For that reason, it is easy to “sell“ to the world. Many people consider that American pop culture is what America is all about. Does pop culture【 19】 the true culture of America? Yes and no.
32、 Pop culture does express a part of American society 【 20】 urban young people that pay much attention to the media. But American pop culture is not fixed and ever-changing. It is a man-made and superficial picture of America. If you want to learn about real American culture, youll have to go a littl
33、e farther than McDonalds. A. trends B. immediately C. reflect D. advertising E. orderly F. aware G. short H. media I. especially J. opponents K. package L. appear M. inspiring N. utmost O. popularity 11 【 11】 12 【 12】 13 【 13】 14 【 14】 15 【 15】 16 【 16】 17 【 17】 18 【 18】 19 【 19】 20 【 20】 20 Many of
34、 the people who appear most often and most gloriously in history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated th
35、e length of the year; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest
36、countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a sava
37、ge is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized
38、 people ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but, because it has won, it had been in the right. For that is
39、 what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. 21 The author thinks that the conquerors and generals and soldiers _. （ A） only appear glorious in history books （ B） are greater than any other people （ C） are not as great as depicted in history books （ D） do not really help civilizati
40、on forward 22 As is indicated in the passage, the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier is put on the highest pillars in the great cities of the world mainly because _. （ A） people respect them very much （ B） they fought bravely to protect their cities （ C） people think they fought too bru
41、tally （ D） they conquered many cities and countries 23 What is the writers attitude towards the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries? （ A） Positive. （ B） Critical. （ C） Ironic. （ D） Respectful. 24 The author says that civilized people_. （ A） should not have any quarrels to set
42、tle （ B） should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle （ C） should settle their quarrels without fighting （ D） should settle their quarrels by killing the other side 25 The meaning of the last sentence is that _. （ A） those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong （ B）
43、only those who are powerful should go to war （ C） those who are right should fight against those who are wrong （ D） in a war only those who are powerful will win 25 “Opinion“ is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would
44、 probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,“ and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,“ are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothe
45、rs opinion is likely to be branded intolerant. Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “what do you think of the new Ford cars?“ And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.
46、“ In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.“ But consider this very different use of the term.
47、 A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not show their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation. Most
48、of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence. Is everyone entitled to hi
49、s opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others. 26 What do we learn about opinions from the passage? （ A） Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion. （ B） Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion. （ C） Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions. （ D） Casual use of the word “opinion“ often brings about quarrels. 2
