1、大学英语四级综合-51 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 4(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneBetween now(June) and Labor Day, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the suns rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it. With each hour, the suns ultr
2、aviolet radiation produces irreversible(不可逆的) damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be det
3、ected this year in the United States, and almost all of them can be blamed on overexposure to the sun. Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat.For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe. Sunburn, of co
4、urse, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers in the dermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration of the dermis deprives the epidermis of nutrition and caus
5、es it to become thin and dry. Cancer is UVs final insult. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA. Enzymes work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutan
6、t(突变的) DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer maybe avoided with a good dose of common sense. People with fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special danger spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, nose, lo
7、wer lip and the ears. People who have already developed precancerous lesions(损害) or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others.Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should us
8、e a good sun screen. These lotions and salves contain chemicals, such as para-aminobenzoic acid, that block out the burning UV-B radiation while permitting the tanning rays to reach the skin.（分数：45.00）(1).According to the passage, overexposure to the sun may result in _（分数：9.00）A.the wrinkles that c
9、annot be seenB.the skin cancerC.all kinds of sacrificesD.healthful beauty(2).The word “deity“ (Line 1, Par（分数：9.00）A.2) refers to _A. something mysteriousB. the skin cancerC. the sunD. overexposure to the sun(3).Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?（分数：9.00）A.Sunbu
10、rn.B.The loss of skin elasticity.C.Dryness of epidermis.D.The deterioration of dermis.(4).Why does the repair process of the DNA may finally fail?（分数：9.00）A.Because shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA.B.Because the DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.C.Because enzymes work to
11、 rearrange the DNA into a new order.D.Because the patient is exposed to UV from time to tim(5).The last paragraph of the passage mainly discusses（分数：9.00）A.the treatment of the skin cancerB.the prevention of the skin cancerC.the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to developD.the lotions t
12、hat work best in fighting against the skin cancerPassage TwoFilm has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presen
13、ts its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel
14、 and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imi
15、tation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other no visual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in“ by our imagination that we ca
16、nnot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra ef
17、fort. And the fact that we do not generally “read“ films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used i
18、n literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story.Dividing film into
19、 its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional,
20、 dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.（分数：45.00）(1
21、).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：9.00）A.The uniqueness of film.B.The importance of film analysis.C.How to identify the techniques a fihn uses.D.The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.(2).Why is it not handy to study film?（分数：9.00）A.Because screenplay is not as well wr
22、itten as literary works.B.Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay.C.Because a film is too complicated.D.Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.(3).From the third paragraph we learn that _（分数：9.00）A.the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be
23、applied to the analysis of the filmB.a good film and a good story have many elements in commonC.we should not pay extra effort to study filmsD.using the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis(4).Why cant we divide film into various elements for analysis?（分数：9.00）A.Becau
24、se these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.B.Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyze them.C.Because film elements are too complicated.D.Because films need not to be analyzed in detail.(5).Wha
25、t does the word “it“ refer to in the last sentence of the passage?（分数：9.00）A.The analytical method.B.The fragmenting technique.C.Ease.D.ConveniencPassage ThreeLegends about King Arthur have existed since the 6th century. Stories of the man and his doings have grown far beyond anything that could be
26、regarded as factual history. Here are some of the highlights.Arthur was born as a result of the wizardry of Merlin, who arranged all adulterous liaisons between Arthurs father, King Uther Pendragon, and his lover, a married duchess. Merlin agreed to do this only if the lovers allowed him to bring up
27、 the child born of the affair. When Uther Pendragon died some years later, there was confusion in the kingdom about who should inherit the throne. Merlin arranged a pageant(盛会) where many knights came to try their luck at pulling a sword out of a stone. Whoever successfully extracted the blade, was
28、the rightful king. After many a brave knight had tried and failed, Merlin presented the young Arthur who, to everyones surprise, easily pulled out the sword.As King Arthur established the knightly fellowship of the Round Table at his castle of Camelot, so appear all the other chivalrous knights asso
29、ciated with the king. The knights of the Round Table spent much of their time on the quest for the Holy Grail(圣杯).The Grail is the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, which was allegedly brought to Britain, then somehow lost. It is notoriously hard to get hold of, as finding it requires an almost
30、superhuman degree of moral purity. At last it was the true gentleman Sir Galahad who eventually found it and set off to return it to its rightful place in the Holy Land.Arthurs death is a matter of some debate. According to legend, one of Arthurs less intelligent moves was his decision to marry the
31、Lady Guinevere, who fell in love with Sir Lancelot, and their adultery led to war among the knights of the Round Table, culminating in the Battle of Catalan and Arthurs mortal wound. After the Battle of Catalan the wounded king was taken to the mysterious isle of Avalon ruled by his sister Morgan Le
32、 Faye. She, being skilled in the arts of witchcraft and healing, was apparently meant to cure him. But evidently Arthur thought he had little chance, because he gave his sword, Excalibur, to Sir Bedivere to return to the Lady of the Lake, an enigmatic(谜一般的) character from whom Arthur had originally
33、received the blade. Bedivere hurled the sword over the water, where a spooky(幽灵般的) hand appeared from the lake to catch it, waved it around for a while and then carried it down to the murky depths where, who knows, perhaps it still lies. As for Arthur, we can only conclude that his sister wasnt such
34、 a good doctor.（分数：45.00）(1).The passage is mainly about _（分数：9.00）A.a brief history of King ArthurB.the story of the Round Table KnightsC.a legendary life of King ArthurD.the death of King Arthur(2).Arthur became the king because _（分数：9.00）A.he was the old kings only sonB.he was supported by many b
35、rave knightsC.he was the strongest man in the kingdomD.he pulled the sword from the stone(3).Who found the Holy Grail and retumed it to the Holy Land?（分数：9.00）A.King Arthur.B.Sir Galahad.C.Sir Lancelot.D.The Round Table knights(4).Arthurs sword, Excalibur, was returned to _（分数：9.00）A.his queenB.the
36、person who gave it to himC.Merlin, his adopted fatherD.his sister(5).Arthur died because_（分数：9.00）A.his sister couldnt heal his mortal woundB.his sister refused to cure himC.he didnt want to live any longerD.he lost his ExcaliburPassage FourMany critics of the current welfare system argue that exist
37、ing welfare regulations lead to family instability. They believe that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband-and-wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set
38、 of families that can eligibly get such grants would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The answer to this question depends on the relative importance of three types of po
39、tential welfare recipients. The first is the “cheater-the husband who is reported to have abandoned his family, but in fact disappears only when the social worker is in the neighborhood. The second consists of a loving husband and devoted father who, sensing his own inadequacy as a family supporter,
40、 leaves so that his wife and children may enjoy the relative benefit provided by public assistance. There is very little evidence that these two types are significant.The third type is the unhappily married couple, who remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, bec
41、ause of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits ofmaniage. This group is large. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of t
42、he marriage. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal process has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by so
43、ciety, such as division of property, and child support.Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners social-economic group. Expected income exerts pressure
44、s on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government-subsidized AFDC payments, it reduces the costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard, of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of f
45、amily instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providing a system of gove
46、rnment-subsidized payments.（分数：45.00）(1).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（分数：9.00）A.Welfare restrictions do not contribute to low-income family instability.B.The most significant kind of welfare recipients is not the “cheating“ father.C.The divorce rate is bound t
47、o fall when welfare benefits are cut.D.Government welfare payments lead directly to growing divorce rat(2).The tone of the passage can best be described as _（分数：9.00）A.confident and optimisticB.scientific and objectiveC.discouraged and alarmedD.polite and sensitive(3).With which of the following sta
48、tements about marriage would the author most likely agree?（分数：9.00）A.Marriage is largely shaped by powerful but impersonal economic and social forces.B.Marriage has a greater value to higher income groups.C.Society has no interest in encouraging people to remain married to one another.D.Marriage wil
49、l gradually give way to other forms of social organization.(4).The passage would most likely be found in a _（分数：9.00）A.basic economics textB.book on the history of welfareC.religious literature on the importance of marriageD.scholarly journal devoted to public policy questions(5).The word “breach“(Line 10, Par（分数：9.00）A.4) most probably means _A. a leapB. to violateC. a breaking upD. misunderstanding大学英语四级综合-51 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 4(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneBetween now(June) and Labor Day, millions of American
