1、大学英语四级综合-完形填空(四)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped (1) sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is (2) under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these (3) , toxic (有毒的) substance
2、s can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are (4) or dangerous to the (5) . They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive, or radioactive (放 射性的). They can pollute the air or (6) fires or explosions. These wastes can als
3、o cause (7) problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is (8) to dispose (9) hazardous wastes in se- cured landfills (10) they cannot leak. A secured landfill is (11) on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to (12) the hazardous wastes in the pit.One kind of
4、hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, (13) a special disposal problem Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants (14) use radioactive (15) . Radioactive materials (16) off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm (17) tissues in p
5、lants and animals. Radioactive waste can (18) hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without (19) for at least (20) amount of time.（分数：20.00）A.byB.intoC.withD.ofA.buriedB.carriedC.discoveredD.burnedA.wastesB.landfillsC.layersD.garbageA.destructiveB.poisono
6、usC.smellyD.healthyA.landfillsB.animalsC.humansD.environmentA.makeB.leadC.causeD.takeA.lungB.healthC.livingD.waterA.kindB.unnecessaryC.dangerousD.importantA.toB.ofC.withD.byA.howB.whenC.whereD.whyA.locatedB.placedC.inhabitedD.pollutedA.helpB.keepC.remainD.guardA.putsB.causesC.leadsD.catchesA.thoseB.
7、thatC.whoD.whatA.signsB.energyC.tissuesD.materialsA.giveB.takeC.comeD.putA.livingB.livelyC.liveD.aliveA.holdB.remindC.becomeD.remainA.changeB.leakageC.leakedD.lossA.thatB.anC.oneD.theseFor many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. In (1) a job or ad- vancing in one, the ability to read and
8、 comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. But the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) read ers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency(缺乏，不足) lies (5) the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken indivi
9、dually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9)
10、you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization (发声法), sounding each word either or ally or mentallyas (11) reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar (or curtain) d
11、own the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch“ him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization (默读), practically impossible. At first (15) is sacri
12、ficed for speed. But when you leam to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved (17) some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was 172 words a
13、minute (19) the training, which was reasonably good, and now, amazingly, it is 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can get (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.（分数：20.00）A.applyingB.doingC.offeringD.gettingA.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedlyA.goodB.curiousC.poor
14、D.urgentA.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.customA.inB.toC.aboutD.downA.someB.a lotC.littleD.dullA.FortunatelyB.SimultaneouslyC.LogicallyD.UnfortunatelyA.reuseB.rereadC.rewriteD.reciteA.whatB.whichC.thatD.ifA.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measuresA.someoneB.oneC.heD.readerA.acceleratorB.actorC.amplifierD.observ
15、erA.thenB.asC.beyondD.thanA.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicatingA.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regressionA.butB.norC.orD.forA.beforeB.duringC.afterD.withoutA.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.ConsiderA.forB.inC.afterD.beforeA.alongB.overC.acrossD.throughShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly
16、 in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street (1) was always in the heart of a town. This street was (2) on both sides with many (3) businesses. Here, shoppers (4) into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, ha
17、rdware, and groceries. In addition, some shops offered (5) . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe- repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. (6) in the 1950s, a change began to take place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street (7) too few parking places were availabl
18、e (8) shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces (9) the city limits. Open space is (10) their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got (11) the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, (12) as
19、a collection of small new stores away from (13) city centers. (14) by hundreds of flee parking space, customers were drawn away from (15) areas to outlying malls. And the growing (16) of shopping centres led in turn to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores. (17) the late 1970s, many shopp
20、ing malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the (18) of one stop shopping, malls were (19) into landscaped parks, (20) benches, fountains and outdoor entertainment.（分数：20.00）A.whichB.whatC.whereD.whenA.builtB.designedC.intendedD.linedA.largeB.variousC.sorted
21、D.meltedA.enteredB.wanderedC.walkedD.hikedA.drinksB.foodC.cosmeticsD.servicesA.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.ButA.whileB.whenC.thoughD.althoughA.inB.toC.onD.aboutA.overB.fromC.outD.outsideA.whichB.whatC.whoD.whenA.whenB.whileC.sinceD.thenA.startedB.foundedC.establishedD.organizedA.pollutedB.crowde
22、dC.remoteD.metropolisA.DelightedB.SurprisedC.AttractedD.EnjoyedA.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtownA.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.likingA.ByB.DuringC.InD.TowardsA.cheapnessB.convenienceC.readinessD.handinessA.modifiedB.transmittedC.transformedD.transactedA.becauseB.andC.withD.providedPeople of Bur
23、lington are being dis- turbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of higher educa- tion are in the bell tower of the church and have made (1) their minds to (2) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run day and night (3) the narrow High Stre
24、et.“They not (4) make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are (5) damage to our houses and shops of historical (6) ,“ said John Norris, one of the protesters.“If we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,“ said Jean Lacey, a biology student, why dont they build a new road that goes round the
25、 town? Burlington isnt much more than a (7) village. Its streets were never (8) for heavy traffic.Harry Fields also studying (9) said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to (10) the government officials to realize what everybody was having to (11) .“Most of them dont (12) here anyway,“ he
26、said, “they come in for meetings and that the Town Hall is soundproof, so they probably dont (13) . Its high time they (14) the problem.“ The fourth student, Liza Vernum, said she thought the public were (15) on their side, and even if they werent they soon would be.I asked if they were (16) that th
27、e police might come to (17) them from ringing the bell.“Not really,“ she said, “actually we are (18) bell ringers. I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church. There is no (19) against practising.“I (20) the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.（分数：20.00）A.upB.onC.overD.toA.
28、changeB.repairC.ringD.shakeA.acrossB.throughC.onD.inA.wellB.onceC.hardlyD.onlyA.doingB.raisingC.puttingD.producingA.sceneB.periodC.interestD.senseA.prettyB.quietC.largeD.modemA.testedB.meantC.keptD.thoughtA.mathsB.chemistryC.EnglishD.biology(10).A force C makeB let D beg（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.standB.acc
29、eptC.knowD.shareA.shopB.liveC.comeD.studyA.notifyB.mentionC.fearD.noticeA.realizedB.realizeC.realizingD.realizesA.hardlyB.unwillinglyC.mostlyD.usuallyA.surprisedB.afraidC.pleasedD.determinedA.seizeB.fightC.catchD.stopA.properB.experiencedC.hopefulD.seriousA.pointB.causeC.needD.lawA.leftB.foundC.reac
30、hedD.passed大学英语四级综合-完形填空(四)答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped (1) sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is (2) under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these (3) , toxic (有毒的)
31、 substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are (4) or dangerous to the (5) . They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive, or radioactive (放 射性的). They can pollute the air or (6) fires or explosions. These wast
32、es can also cause (7) problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is (8) to dispose (9) hazardous wastes in se- cured landfills (10) they cannot leak. A secured landfill is (11) on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to (12) the hazardous wastes in the pit.On
33、e kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, (13) a special disposal problem Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants (14) use radioactive (15) . Radioactive materials (16) off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm (17) ti
34、ssues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can (18) hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without (19) for at least (20) amount of time.（分数：20.00）A.byB.into C.withD.of解析：解析 惯用搭配题。结合句意“所有的垃圾都倒_垃圾清理场”可知，空格处应填入表示“进入”的词，选项中只有 into 有此意，故选 B。A.buried B.carr
35、iedC.discoveredD.burned解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上下文及空格后的 under layers of dirt(在土层下)可知，buried(被掩埋)正确；carried(被运送)，discovered(被发现)，burned(被烧毁)均不符合句意。A.wastesB.landfills C.layersD.garbage解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于原词复现，上文中已出现了 landfills，结合句意可知，B 正确。A.destructive B.poisonousC.smellyD.healthy解析：解析 词义辨析题。空格处应填的形容词与其后的 dangerou
36、s 都是用来描述 hazardous wastes(有害垃圾)的，故可首先排除选项 D。而本句意为“对有不好的影响”，与之相匹配的只有 A(破坏性的，有害的)，be destructive to“对有害”。A.landfillsB.animalsC.humansD.environment 解析：解析 词义辨析题。解答本题需结合下文，即 They can pollute the airThese wastes can also causeproblems for humans and animals，由此可知，危险垃圾会对环境产生危害，所以 D 正确。A.makeB.leadC.cause D.
37、take解析：解析 词义辨析题。cause 意为“导致，引起”，结合句意“他们可能污染空气或_火灾或爆炸”可知，C 正确；make fire 意为“点火”，排除；lead 有“领导，带领”之意，在意为“导致”之意时，需和 to 连用，排除；take 意为“获得”，排除。A.lungB.health C.livingD.water解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由于空格后的内容为人和动物，所以结合选项可知，B 正确；其他选项较片面，故排除。A.kindB.unnecessaryC.dangerousD.important 解析：解析 词义辨析题。结合上文可知，For these reasons 指的是危
38、险垃圾的危害，由此可以推断，安全掩埋危险垃圾是非常重要的，故选 D。A.toB.of C.withD.by解析：解析 惯用搭配题。dispose of 惯用搭配，意为“处理，解决”，故选 B。A.howB.whenC.where D.why解析：解析 语法结构题。本句为定语从句，先行词为 landfills，在从句中作地点状语，故选 C。A.located B.placedC.inhabitedD.polluted解析：解析 词义辨析题。原句意为“安全可靠的垃圾填埋场位于黏土地”，故选 A(使坐落于，位于)。place(放置)一般用来指较小的物品，inhabit(居住于，栖息)一般指人、动物或
39、思想，均排除。A.helpB.keep C.remainD.guard解析：解析 词义辨析题。空格后的 wastes 为所填词的宾语，故可先排除不及物动词 remain。选项A、D 无论是在语义还是语法上均说不通，故选 B。keep 在此意为“使不泄露”的意思。A.putsB.causesC.leads D.catches解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于同义复现，上句提到 radioactive waste(放射性废物)需要专门处理，本句仍是关于 radioactive waste 的叙述，故选 C。A.thoseB.that C.whoD.what解析：解析 语法结构题。此句为限制性定语从句
40、，先行词为 industries and nuclear power plants，空格处应填入的内容在从句中作主语，所以 B 正确。A.signsB.energyC.tissuesD.materials 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于原词复现，由下句的 Radioactive materials 可知，D 正确。A.give B.takeC.comeD.put解析：解析 惯用搭配题。give off 为“发出”，take off 意为“拿掉；取消；脱衣；起飞”，come off 意为“脱落；举行；成功”，put off 意为“推迟”，结合句意可知，A 正确。A.living B.livel
41、yC.liveD.alive解析：解析 词义辨析题。living 意为“活的，起作用的”，living，lively，live 和 alive 的区别参见以下考点归纳。alive 意为“活着的，存在的”，在句中常作表语、宾语补足语，作定语时必须后置。例如：all men alive 所有活着的人| The fish mom bought yesterday is still alive妈妈昨天买的鱼还活着。living 意为“活着的，活的”，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。living 主要指在某个时候是活着的，而 alive 指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时
42、，只能用alive；作比喻义(如“活像”，“活生生的”等)解时，要用 living，作表语时可以与 alive 互换。例如：We found the wounded animal alive(作宾语补足语，不用 living)我们发现受伤的动物还活着。| Lucy is the living image of her grandmother(比喻义，不用 alive)露西长得活像她祖母。live 意为“活的，有活力的；现场直播的”，表“活的”时一般用于动物。通常只作前置定语，例如：This is alive fish这是条活鱼。lively 意为“生动的，活泼的，热烈的”，常用作表语或定语。例
43、如：He told a very lively story他给我们讲了一个生动的故事。A.holdB.remindC.becomeD.remain 解析：解析 词义辨析题。hold 意为“保持，占据”，侧重于保持某一位置或某种状况；remind 意为“提醒”；become 意为“变成”；remain 意为“保持；剩余”，侧重于“仍然处于(某种状态)，保持不变”；结合句意可知，D 正确。A.changeB.leakage C.leakedD.loss解析：解析 词义辨析题。change 意为“改变，改造”，leakage 意为“泄露”，leaked 意为“被泄露的”，loss 意为“损失，遗失”
44、，结合句意可知，B 正确。A.that B.anC.oneD.these解析：解析 语法结构题。句中 that 作替代词，that amount of time 指代上文提到的 over 100 years，所以 A 正确。指示代词 that 的用法：that 和 those 通常用作指示代词，也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语，分别等于the one 和 the ones。that 也可替代不可数名词，但是 the one 则不能。that 作替代词，除了电话中可指人(例如：Who is that?)外，通常只能指物，不能指人。those 作替代词，既可指物，也可指人。For
45、many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. In (1) a job or ad- vancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. But the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) read ers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and n
46、ever get over them. The main deficiency(缺乏，不足) lies (5) the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads
47、 one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization (发声法), sounding each word either or ally or mentallyas (11) reads.To
48、 overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch“ him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,
49、 (14) word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization (默读), practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you leam to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved (17) some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was 172 words a minute (19) the training, which was reasonably good, and now, amazingly, it is 1,378
