1、翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 4及答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：25.00)England and France are separated by twenty-two miles of open sea at their closest point. 1 Attempts to swim the English Channel have been made by people of all ages and from various walks of life. Each swimmer is drawn to
2、 the famous channel for different reasons, but each has the same goalto conquer the channel. The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Mathew Webb, an Englishman, who swam breaststroke from Dover, England, to Calais, France. 2 Since then, over 3,700 people have made approximately 4,500 attemp
3、ts on the channel. Only 297 people, however, have successfully duplicated Webb“s remarkable achievement. Cold water, rough seas, strong currents, heavy winds and jellyfish are among the many reasons why the success rate is so low. Swimmers and escort crews must wait for periods of calm seas and ligh
4、t winds, lasting 10-20 hours. 3 Much to the frustration of the athletes and their coaches and crews, the weather may only cooperate a few days each year. Once in the channel, swimmers are always at the mercy of the elements since temperatures, winds and currents can change houdy. 4 Quite often, luck
5、 and good timing play as important a role in a swimmer“s success as proper physical training and mental preparation. Channel swimmers come in all ages, abilities and backgrounds. 5 But swimming the English Channel will always be the same to all its challengersan incredible adventure that tests the l
6、imit of human endurance, courage and perseverance.（分数：5.00）_By the eighteenth century, the rise of industrialism in the west was accompanied by a decline of religion that cannot be seen as an accidental concurrence. And from then on the trend accelerates. As the average man becomes more enabled to l
7、ive in comfortable houses, to escape most of the childhood diseases, to communicate rapidly through time and space, to move long distances with ease, his perception of Nature undergoes a startling alteration. 6 No longer does Nature seem quite so terrific and treacherous; for man is much less likely
8、 now to starve for want of food or perish from the heat or cold. His relation to the other animals and plants appears thickly veiled by air conditioning, frozen foods, automobiles and washing machines. 7 It has been said again and again that modern man“s comfortable life amidst the conveniences of t
9、echnology has caused him to suffer a spiritual death and to feel empty, without purpose and direction. And that may well be the case. But nevertheless a radical distinction must be made here: the need for transcendence experienced by most human beings prior to modern times was a very different one f
10、rom what is claimed to exist today. 8 For if the connection between the growth of industry and the decline of religion is a real one, the earlier spiritual lives appear as an escape from man“s vulnerable position in his battle with Nature. It was not that man“s sensitiveness to the idea of the good
11、and the beautiful was any more developed in past history; rather, his need to escape from an intolerable physical life was greater than ours. When I speak of man“s previous need for transcendence, I do not refer to the needs of great creative peopleartist, craftsmenwho can never be satisfied with th
12、e status. 9 I speak of the masses of people whose spiritual lives were necessary to make their physical lives endurable and who, had choice been possible, would certainly have preferred physical comforts over spirituality. This situation does not for the most part now exist: TV and toilet make the n
13、eed for God unnecessary. Man does not generally live in fear of Nature except when earthquake strikes, for he is mostly unaware of a connection with nature concealed by modern technology. 10 The present need for spiritual lives is based on sufficiency and not on deprivation, and it does not seek a h
14、aven in another world but rather a more beautiful version of this one. What I am concerned is what has happened as a result of the Industrial Revolution to man“s conception of his relationship with Nature.（分数：5.00）_This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn“t think so if you could hea
15、r what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every fi
16、eld. 11 The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some m
17、en talk, you“d think that women belonged to a different species! On the surface, the comments made by men about women“s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in day out. 12 This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that men f
18、eel for women. However much men sneer, at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let“s consider the matter of driving, for instance. 13 We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this i
19、s a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they f
20、requently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children. 14 Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can“t do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealousl
21、y guard their so-called “rights“. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven“t even been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational.
22、They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man“s ability to think clearly! The truth
23、 is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations.
24、 15 You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries.（分数：5.00）_The Internet, e-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. By the middle of the 21st century, cap
25、italist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights. Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business
26、 Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite the contrail.“ 16 The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “te
27、chnological renaissance“ say they are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. 17 And what“s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing. The techno gurus promised as that access would m
28、ake life more convenient and give us more time. 18 Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape. If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geograp
29、hic frontier, the dotcom generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. 19 Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour electronic
30、 trading markets, online banking services, all-night e-commerce, and 24-hour Internet news and entertainment all holler for our attention. Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the
31、hyperspeed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider, and reflect? Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. 20 If this new technology, revolution is only about hyperefficienc
32、y, then we risk losing something even more precious than timeour sense of what it means to be a caring human being.（分数：5.00）_The key position and role of women in the process of development is increasingly being recognized. Although the three great World Conferences of Women were more concerned with
33、 recognizing and compiling approaches to emancipation we can currently confirm a general sharpening of awareness. 21 It has become clear that the Third World cultures have been weakened in this respect by the methods of colonial education which are almost exclusively directed towards the male. Of th
34、e many criticisms of this situation let one voice be heard: “Development education groups and programs are very much male dominated and lack woman“s perspective.“ So, too, the hopes placed in vocational training as an aid to equality have been disappointed since this in its turn was to large extent
35、focused on male. 22 In these circumstances we should not be surprised that until now women have participated least in the educational processes which have been introduced. Only 20% attend primary school and the percentage of those who leave early is highest among girls. Because of the lack of basic
36、training only around 10% take part in Adult Education programs. Hence it is vitally important to secure a turning point by increasing the awareness of the need for education. The International Conference at Jomtien in 1990 provided the solution to this: “A more educated mother raises a healthier fam
37、ily. She has fewer and better-educated children. She is more productive at home and in the workplace and is better able to get further education.“ 23 Many problems in school are consequences of incorrect or improperly balanced nutrition combined with inadequate hygiene. Together these factors can le
38、ad to failure to keep pace in school. 24 Hence even primary education for girls should be directed towards the basic needs and necessities and provide answers which are as simple as possible. In rural districts such answers will be different from those given in urban areas. The education of girls an
39、d women must to a large degree be an education for the life they will lead, tailored to a woman“s position. In saying this we are in fact demanding that the education of women, like all educational work in the Third World, should be an integrated part of the community. Consequently there are many pa
40、rtners in this process school, family, small businesses, governmental and non-governmental organizations. The educational skill consists in keeping this interplay active in such a way that there is no deficiency in material content. 25 An important consequence of this is the awakening of the desire
41、to question, which, on the one band presses for further education and on the other hand for its practical application.（分数：5.00）_翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 4答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：25.00)England and France are separated by twenty-two miles of open sea at their closest point. 1 Att
42、empts to swim the English Channel have been made by people of all ages and from various walks of life. Each swimmer is drawn to the famous channel for different reasons, but each has the same goalto conquer the channel. The English Channel was first crossed in 1875 by Mathew Webb, an Englishman, who swam breaststroke from Dover, England, to Calais, France. 2 Since then, over 3,700 people have made approximately 4,500 attempts on the channel. On
