1、翻译二级笔译实务 2007 年 11 月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Compulsory Tr(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94. Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nation
2、s toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94. Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century“s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like
3、 John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson. Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to preve
4、nt boom times from exploding into high inflation. In Professor Friedman“s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work. The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the suppl
5、y of moneya monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in
6、 Economic Science in 1976. Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist. “Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,“ Be
7、n S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.“ Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term
8、point of view, it“s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public“s view.“ Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or c
9、o-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series. （分数：30.00）_三、Part B Choice of Two(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Topic 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)2.PANAMA CITY: Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in t
10、he 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems. The government of President Martin Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to
11、 generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal“s customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt-ridden country to borrow even more. The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic
12、 ends of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide. The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing toll
13、s and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025. There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal. “It“s incomparable in the hemisphere,“ said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country“s vice president and foreign secretary. “It“s in our heart, part of our soul.“ Public opinion polls
14、 indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read “Yes for our children,“ while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs. “The canal needs you,“ television and radio ads implore. “It will mean more boats, and that
15、means more jobs,“ said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatn, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal. The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in P
16、anama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty. But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government“s estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt. “The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer,“ said Jos Felix Castillo, 62, a hig
17、h school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City“s streets to protest the measure on Friday. Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs. “We aren“t talking about
18、 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal,“ he said. “It“s exactly the opposite.“ （分数：30.00）_五、Topic 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section Chinese-En(总题数：2，分数：40.00)3.旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。 20 世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围内迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类活动和社会
19、进步发生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。 在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。 （分数：20.00）_4.从 1979 到 2004 年实行改革开放这 27 年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。经济每年增长 9.4%，居民消费每年增长 7%，进出口每年增长 16.7%。2004 年国民经济总产值达 1.6494 万亿美元，进出口总额达 1.1548万亿美元。我们已经基本上建立了社会主义市场经济。我们的生产力和综合国力在不断提高。社会各项事业蓬勃发展，人民生活实现了从温饱到
20、小康这一历史性的飞跃。 如何在全球化加快的新形势下，从中国的实际出发，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，保持持续、快速、和谐和全面社会经济发展，是值得我们密切关注的重大战略问题。经过多年的实践和探索，我们找到了一条既符合中国实际和时代发展趋势又反映人民愿望的发展道路。这就是具有中国特色的社会主义道路。我们将沿着这条道路坚定不移地奋勇前进。 （分数：20.00）_翻译二级笔译实务 2007 年 11 月答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Compulsory Tr(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Milt
21、on Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94. Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He wa
22、s 94. Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century“s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson. Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to t
23、he hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation. In Professor Friedman“s view, government had the opposite obligation: to kee
24、p its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work. The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of moneya monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achieve
25、ment, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976. Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on governme
26、nt. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist. “Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,“ Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary m
27、onetary economics would be difficult to overstate.“ Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it“s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he h
28、as already had on the American public“s view.“ Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television
29、 series. （分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：著名经济学家米尔顿弗里德曼今天在旧金山去世，享年 94 岁。米尔顿弗里德曼生前住在旧金山，是第二次世界大战后“自由市场经济”教父，曾大力倡导各国减少政府干预，强调市场个体责任。 保守派和自由派经济学家都一致认为曾获诺贝尔奖的弗里德曼是 20 世纪最具影响力的经济学家之一，与约翰梅纳德凯恩斯和保罗萨缪尔森比肩齐名。 第二次世界大战后，弗里德曼高举经济保守主义的大旗，向凯恩斯理论发起挑战。凯恩斯勋爵是英国经济学家，主张在资本主义国家中政府有责任帮助摆脱经济衰退，防止经济过热引发高通胀。当时，凯恩斯的理论被奉若神明。 弗里德曼教授认为，政府
30、的职责与凯恩斯理论恰恰相反，即政府不应干预经济，而应让自由市场自行运转，无为而治。 在弗里德曼看来，政府唯一可用的干预杠杆就是控制货币供应。在 20 世纪 50 年代他认同这一货币学派观点时，这一观点早已不受推崇。之后，弗里德曼取得了一项重大成就，准确预测出了所谓滞涨的出现，即失业率不断攀升与通货膨胀不断加剧两种现象同时发生，这在当时是一种前所未有的现象。他因此获得了1976 年的诺贝尔经济学奖。 弗里德曼的同事们称，像弗里德曼这样对经济学界和政府都能产生重大影响的人可谓凤毛麟角。弗里德曼从未在政府部门任职，但是他却常常作为顾问和专家成为政府的座上宾。 关联储主席本伯南克今天在悼词中称：“米尔
31、顿弗里德曼在经济学界无出其右，堪称翘楚，他对当代货币经济学的直接和间接影响之大，难以言表。” 前美联储主席艾伦格林斯潘周二接受采访时谈到了弗里德曼，他说：“从更长远的角度来看，能够真正产生深远影响的是他的学术成就，不过必须指出，他对美国大众舆论已经产生了深刻影响。” 弗里德曼阐释观点时能做到深入浅出、浅显易懂，也正因如此，他编著或合著了十几本书，在 1966 年至1983 年期间担任新闻周刊的专栏作家，甚至成为公共电视系列节目的明星嘉宾。三、Part B Choice of Two(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Topic 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)2.PANAMA CITY: Vo
32、ters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems. The government of President Martin Torrijos has billed the referendum as histor
33、ic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal“s customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt-ridden country to borrow even mor
34、e. The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide. The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency
35、 that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025. There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal. “It“s incomparable in the hemisphere,“ said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country“s vice president and for
36、eign secretary. “It“s in our heart, part of our soul.“ Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read “Yes for our children,“ while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs. “The canal needs
37、you,“ television and radio ads implore. “It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs,“ said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatn, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal. The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expa
38、nsion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty. But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government“s estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt. “The poor contin
39、ue to suffer while the rich get richer,“ said Jos Felix Castillo, 62, a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City“s streets to protest the measure on Friday. Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through t
40、he waterway goes to education and social programs. “We aren“t talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal,“ he said. “It“s exactly the opposite.“ （分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：巴拿马市：巴拿马周日将就巴拿马运河改造计划举行全民公投，这将是巴拿马运河开通 92 年以来最大规模的一次改造，项目预计斥资 52.5 亿美元，旨在缓解交通压力的同时，扩宽航道，提高可通行船舶吨位。 巴拿马总统马丁托里霍斯(Mar
41、tin Torrijos)称此次公投具有重要历史意义。今年巴拿马运河将创收约14 亿美元，托里霍斯政府称改造后运河的通行能力有望翻番。而批评人士则称，运河扩建的主要受益者将是运河使用者而非巴拿马人民，同时，运河扩建成本将会激增，迫使早已债台高筑的巴拿马进一步举债。按照项目设计，到 2015 年前，将分别在运河的太平洋和大西洋两端建造第三组水闸。运河现在的水闸仅为 33 米宽，很多大型船只无法通行，改造项目竣工后，可通行现代大型集装箱船、邮轮和油轮。 负责巴拿马运河运营的自治机构巴拿马运河管理局称，将通过提高通行费来收回项目成本，运河改造后的年创收能力到 2025 年将达 60 亿美元。 巴拿马
42、人对运河可谓情有独钟/有强烈的运河情结。 巴拿马副总统兼外长萨穆埃尔莱维斯纳瓦罗说：“在这个半球，巴拿马运河是无与伦比的，它已扎根人民心中、融入巴拿马民族之魂。” 舆论调查显示，运河扩建计划将以压倒性优势获得通过。在巴拿马到处都张贴有写着“为子孙后代投下赞成票(运河扩建，利在千秋)”的绿色和白色的标语，数以万计的广告牌和车尾贴上也都大肆宣扬运河扩建对增加就业的影响。 广播电视广告词也采取温情攻势，“运河需要你”。 在运河补给水库加通湖两岸的努埃沃普罗维登斯(Nuevo Provedencia)骑马放牛的达玛斯克波兰科(Damasco Polanco)说：“运河扩建后会有更多的船只通行，会带来更
43、多的就业机会。” 运河现有工作人员 8000 人，扩建后将会新增 4 万个就业岗位。巴拿马失业率为 9.5%，贫困率为 40%。 但是，批评人士担心运河扩建最终成本可能超出政府预估成本一倍，致使腐败滋生，债务失控。 周五约 3000 人走上巴拿马市街头抗议运河扩建，何塞费利克斯卡斯蒂略(Jos Felix Castillo)也参加了抗议游行。现年 62 岁的卡斯蒂略是一名中学教师，他说：“运河扩建后富人将变得更加富有，而穷人将继续生活在水深火热之中。” 副总统兼外长莱维斯纳瓦罗称，运河通行费收入中有一部分用于教育和社会各项事业。 “40%的高贫困率不能归咎于运河，”他说道，“恰恰相反(，正因为
44、贫困率如此之高，所以才要扩建运河)。”五、Topic 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section Chinese-En(总题数：2，分数：40.00)3.旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。 20 世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围内迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类活动和社会进步发生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。 在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路
45、”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：译文一 Tourism represents a kind of popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and outdoor exercise, and it has been developing all along with the progress of the times. Since the middle of the 20th century, modem tourism has been gr
46、owing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been obviously raised. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, frien
47、dship and further exchanges and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries. From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health. In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of “appreciating the landscape through sightseeing“. Ancient People also proposed to “travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books“, which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and phy
