1、公共英语(五级)1 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Perhaps there are far 【B1】 wives than I imagine who take it for 【B2】 that housework is neither satisfying nor even important once the basic demands of hygiene and feeding have been 【B3】 But home and family is the one realm in 【B
2、4】 it is really difficult to shake free of ones upbringing and 【B5】 new values. My parents house was impeccably kept; cleanliness was a moral and social virtue, and personal untidiness, visibly old clothes, or long male hair provoked biting jocularity. If that 【B6】 been all, maybe I could have adapt
3、ed myself 【B7】 housework on an easy-going, utilitarian basis, refusing the moral overtones 【B8】 still believing in it as something constructive 【B9】 it is part of creating a home. But at the same time my mother 【B10】 to resent doing it, called it drudgery, and convinced me that it wasnt a fit activi
4、ty for an intelligent being. I was the only child, and once I was at school there was no 【B11】 why she should have continued 【B12】 her will to remain housebound, unless, as I suspect, my father would not hear of her having a job of her own. I can now begin to 【B13】 why a woman in a small suburban ho
5、use, with no infants to look after, who does not 【B14】 reading because she has not had much of an education, and who is intelligent 【B15】 to find neighborly chit-chat boring, should carry the pursuit of microscopic specks of dust to the 【B16】 of fanaticism in an 【B17】 to fill hours and salvage her s
6、elf-respect. My parents had not even the status-seeking impetus to send me to university that Joes had; my mother 【B18】 me to be “a nice quiet person who wouldnt be 【B19】 in a crowd“ , and it was feared that university education 【B20】 in ingratitude (independence). （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Evolutionary theories. The Belgian George Lemaitre proposed the idea that about 20,000 million years ago all the matter in the universe enough, he es
8、timated, to make up a hundred thousand million galaxies was all concentrated in one small mass, which he called the “primeval atom“. This primeval atom exploded for some reasons, sending its matter out in all directions, and as the expansion slowed down, a steady state resulted, at which time the ga
9、laxies formed. Something then upset the balance and the universe started expanding again, and this is the state in which the universe is now. There are variations on this theory: it may be that there was no steady state. However, basically, evolutionary theories take it that the universe was formed
10、in one place at one point in time and has been expanding ever since. Will the universe continue to expand? It may be that the universe will continue to expand for ever, but some astronomers believe that the expansion will slow down and finally stop. Thereafter the universe will start to contract unt
11、il all the matter in it is once again concentrated at one point. Possibly the universe may oscillate for ever in this fashion, expanding to its maximum and then contracting over again. The steady-state theory. Developed at Cambridge by Hoyle, Gold and Bodi, the steady-state theory maintains that the
12、 universe as a whole has always looked the same and always will. As the galaxies expand away from each other, new material is formed in some ways between the galaxies and makes up new galaxies to take place of those which have receded. Thus the general distribution of galaxies remains the same. How
13、matter could be formed in this way is hard to see, but no harder than seeing why it should all form in one place at one time. How can we decide which of these theories is closer to the truth? The method is in principle quite simple. Since the very distant galaxies are thousands of millions of light
14、years away, then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years ago. If the evolutionary theory is correct, the galaxies were closer together in the past than they are now, and so distant galaxies ought to appear to be closer together than nearer ones. According to the steady-state t
15、heory there should be no difference. The evidence seems to suggest that there is a difference, that the galaxies were closer together than they are now, and so the evolutionary theory is partially confirmed and the steady-state theory in its original form at least must be rejected. （分数：1.00）(1).What
16、 do both theories assume to be true?（分数：0.20）A.That new material is continually being formed.B.That, in time, the universe will contract.C.That the universe is expanding at present.D.That“ a big bang“ started the expansion.(2).According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed_.（分数：0.20）A.during a
17、pause in the expansion of the universeB.at the time of the primeval explosionC.and will continue to form foreverD.about 20,000 million years ago(3).What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?（分数：0.20）A.It concerns the place and time of the formation of matter.B.It is whether th
18、e universe will continue to expand or not.C.It is the current state of the universe.D.The variations on evolutionary theories cause the difference.(4).According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge_.（分数：0.20）A.the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggestedB.it is hard to see how matter
19、 could be formed in this wayC.the expansion of the universe is not a real oneD.new material is continually being created(5).We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because_.（分数：0.20）A.they were closer together thenB.the universe has always looked as the sameC.their light takes so long to
20、 reach usD.they have travelled such a long wayAn industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services; for instance, electricity supply water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widene
21、d to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger. It is this interdependency of the economic system which makes the power
22、 of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55% of Britain workers belong to unions, co
23、mpared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britains unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels
24、difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have not many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in n
25、ew trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their mem
26、bers disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions members are threatened or destroyed. The printings of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain have frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have prob
27、lems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even app
28、ointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of shop stewards in many unions, “shop stewards“ being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level. （分数：1.00）(1).Why is the question of trade union power important in Britain?（分数：0.20）A.Because
29、 its economy is very interdependent.B.Because unions have been established a long time.C.Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.D.Because there are many essential services.(2).Why is it difficult to improve the procedures for fixing wage levels?（分数：0.20）A.Because some industries hav
30、e no unions.B.Because unions are not organized according to industries.C.Because only 55% of workers belong to unions.D.Because some unions are too powerful.(3).Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to_.（分数：0.20）A.change as industries changeB.get new members to join
31、C.learn new technologiesD.bargain for high enough wages(4).Disagreements arise between unions because some of them_.（分数：0.20）A.try to win over members of other unionsB.ignore agreementsC.protect their own members at the expense of othersD.take over other unions jobs(5).What basic problems are we tol
32、d most trade unions face?（分数：0.20）A.They are not equal in size or influence.B.They are not organized efficiently.C.They are less powerful than employers organization.D.They do not have enough members.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his
33、success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and
34、 literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for you
35、ng men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,“ said Donald Morrison, Professor of marketing and management science. “ But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the
36、 answer a lot more is: It depends. “ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. , has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard
37、Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “ extremely disappointing“ and said “ MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part o
38、f a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs. “ The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the
39、 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash against the antibusiness values of the 1960s and by the womens movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often
40、 know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “ They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,“ said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. （分数：1.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the gene
41、ral attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：0.20）A.Scornful.B.Appreciative.C.Envious.D.Realistic.(2).It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_.（分数：0.20）A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC
42、.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work(3).What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?（分数：0.20）A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.Th
43、ey are not good at dealing with people.(4).From the passage we know that most MB As_.（分数：0.20）A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations
44、 about their future(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.20）A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.三、Part B Directions:
45、 I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Grown-ups, as any child will tell you, are monstrous hypocrites, especially when it comes to television. It is to take their minds off their own telly-addiction that adults are so keen to hear and talk about the latest report on the effects of programs on children. Surely all that n
46、onsense they watch must be desensitizing them, making them vicious, shallow, acquisitive, less responsible and generally sloppy about life and death. But no, not a scrap of convincing evidence from the sociologists and experts in the psyches of children. For many years now parents, teachers and news
47、paper editors have been disappointed by the various studies, and sociologists are beginning to fall into disrepute for failing to come up with the desired results. The latest report, “ Popular TV and Schoolchildren“ , perhaps more attuned to the authoritarian times in which we live, assumes greater
48、moral leadership and hands out laurels and wooden spoons to TV shows and asserts, as educators should, the importance of having values. The kids, on the other hand, will no be switching off Kenny Everett now they have been told how sexist and trivial he is. (As if they didnt know! ) 66. ( ) The nation has lived with the box for more than 30 years now and has passed from total infatuation revived temporarily by the advent of colour to the present casual
