1、公共英语三级-318 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)(1).At what time did the basketball match start last Saturday?（分数：1.00）A.At 8:45.B.At 9:15.C.At 8:15.D.At 9:45.(2).What did the man mean?（分数：1.00）A.He never does assignments early.B.He has finished it.C.
2、Hell finish it in a few minutes.D.Hell finish it in a few hours.(3).What did the woman do?（分数：1.00）A.She got a new job.B.She asked the man to help her.C.She helped the man.D.She did nothing.(4).What does the woman tell the man must do?（分数：1.00）A.Read part of the book.B.Read only one chapter of the b
3、ook.C.Read another book.D.Read the whole book.(5).What is Johnsons occupation now?（分数：1.00）A.He is a salesman.B.He is a newspaperman.C.He is a manager.D.He is a secretary.(1).What has the man bought for his wife?（分数：1.00）A.Tennis shoes.B.Some clothes.C.Nothing yet.D.Music records.(2).What does the m
4、an say about Judy?（分数：1.00）A.Hes surprised she chose that agency.B.He wonders why shes still kept her job.C.He doesnt know when her classes started.D.He doubts she makes much money now.(3).What does the woman mean?（分数：1.00）A.Hed better speak to her at once.B.He can have a long talk with her.C.He mus
5、t wait for a long time.D.He can talk to her a few minutes later.(4).Where are the man and woman?（分数：1.00）A.They are in a temple.B.They are in a museum.C.They are on a mountain.D.They are on a tower.(5).What does Lisa not like about her new apartment?（分数：1.00）A.Its too close to the supermarket.B.She
6、cant see the beautiful view of the city.C.It was damaged in a fire.D.Its too high in case of a fire.三、Part B(总题数：4，分数：15.00)(1).Where does the conversation most probably take place?（分数：1.00）A.In a library.B.In a department store.C.In a drug store.D.In a video rental store.(2).How much does it cost f
7、or the new movie?（分数：1.00）A.$2.00.B.$2.50.C.$3.50.D.$5.00.(3).How many movies does the customer get in this conversation?（分数：1.00）A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.(1).Why did the woman talk to the professor?（分数：1.00）A.She wants him to recommend books.B.She wants to apply to graduate study.C.She wants to take an adva
8、nced course.D.She wants him to give her a good grade.(2).At what stage is the woman in her studies?（分数：1.00）A.She is a junior.B.She is a senior.C.She is a graduate student.D.She is a teaching assistant.(3).What is the professors first reply to the womans request?（分数：1.00）A.He does not intend to offe
9、r the course.B.He does not think the course will interest her.C.He never accepts undergraduates in his course.D.He thinks the course will be too difficult for her.(4).What does the woman say to persuade the professor to help her?（分数：1.00）A.She is unusually well prepared.B.She wants to take an easy c
10、ourse.C.She needs additional credits in the subject.D.She wants to read a book in this field.(1).What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?（分数：1.00）A.Job security.B.Good labor relations.C.Challenging work.D.Attractive wages and benefits.(2).What does the speaker say about jo
11、bs in the computer era?（分数：1.00）A.Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B.More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C.Computers will change the nature of many jobs.D.Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.(3).What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?（分数：1.00）A.Offer the
12、m chances of promotion.B.Improve their working conditions.C.Encourage them to compete with each other.D.Give them responsibilities as part of a team.(4).Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?（分数：1.00）A.They will not bring real benefits to the staff.B.They con
13、cern a small number of people only.C.They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.D.They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.(1).What does the story tell us about the old woman?（分数：1.00）A.She was found stealing in a bookstore.B.She caught someone in the act of stealing.C.She admitted having
14、 stolen something.D.She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.(2).What was said to have been stolen?（分数：1.00）A.A book.B.$ 3000.C.A handbag.D.A Christmas card.(3).What happened to Ms White after she was taken back to the store?（分数：1.00）A.She was questioned by the police.B.She was shut in a small r
15、oom for 20 minutes.C.She was insulted by the shoppers around her.D.She was body-searched by the store manager.(4).What was then the attitude of the department store in this legal case?（分数：1.00）A.They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B.They regretted having wrongly accuse
16、d her of stealing.C.They still suspected that she was a thief.D.They agreed to pay her $3000 damages.四、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The conception of poverty and what to (26) about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the (27) were supposed to be at the bottom o
17、f the economic ladder as a result of the “law of (28) of the fittest“. Society was (29) as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own. (30) persons outside a household (orphans, the (31) elderly, and the crippled) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary exp
18、edient. Although it was (32) that “the poor will always be with us“, the individual was expected to improve himself (33) acts of his own will. Charity was thought to be the (34) of idleness. By keeping wages low, labourers would be (35) to work harder.At about the turn of the century, the beginning
19、of concern about natural (36) brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. There was a potentially dangerous class in (37) of disease and disorder. The “poor“ were (38) as different from “paupers“. Paupers were individuals well (39) to being on the low end of the socioeconomic (40) . Wit
20、hout shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a “ (41) “ life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack of wealth, (42) has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for the riches or of adopting the
21、 middle-class work ethic of surviving. In (43) , the worthy poor struggled to (44) their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industrial (45) , widowhood and so on.（分数：20.00）A.findB.doC.workD.dealA.inefficientB.invalidC.ineffectiveD.inaccessibleA.secureB.rescueC.resto
22、reD.survivalA.definedB.estimatedC.conceivedD.guessedA.PityB.NeedyC.ShabbyD.GreedyA.childlessB.childlyC.childlikeD.childishA.agreedB.disagreedC.assentedD.consentedA.throughB.byC.withD.onA.nurseB.evilC.patientD.wardA.promotedB.admiredC.encouragedD.excitedA.resourceB.sourceC.originD.resourcesA.respects
23、B.termsC.regardsD.viewsA.seenB.noticedC.watchedD.predictedA.admittedB.adjustedC.appliedD.adaptedA.measureB.scaleC.standardD.scalesA.poorB.betterC.humbleD.miserableA.itB.whatC.thatD.whichA.analogyB.contrastC.comparisonD.contraryA.increaseB.enrichC.improveD.developA.accidentsB.disastersC.incidentD.eve
24、nt五、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personality development. If a theory cant explain the differences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even ide
25、ntical twins brought up in the same home have different personalities.Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet, Ladan, the more outspoken of the pair, told journalists, “We are two completely separate individuals
26、. We have different world views. We have different lifestyles. We think very differently about issues. “ Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities?Self-organized systems in insects can provide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized systern. No s
27、upervisor tells the ants what to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it becomes less likely that another ant will attempt that job because it no longer needs doing. The result is what economists call “division of labor“.Self
28、-organization also produces division of labor in human groups. Each individual looks for something to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. If one position is occupied, the individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, beca
29、use once theyve chosen different specialties, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen.Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions and comments to one twin t
30、han the other perhaps by chance first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more often will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twi
31、n and one quieter one like Ladan and Laleh Bijani.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer we learn that identical twins _.（分数：2.00）A.differ in personalityB.differ in appearanceC.have the same lifestyleD.have the same outlook(2).The ant colony is perceived to be self-organized because _.（分数：2.00）A.each
32、 ant has the duty to help others on a jobB.each ant instinctively fulfills a different taskC.a particular group of ants does a particular jobD.a leading ant monitors the work of working ants(3).It is said in the text that the working style of ants is characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.shifting rolesB.wor
33、king shiftsC.division of laborD.collective efforts(4).It can be inferred that the twins differences have much to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.their chosen lifestylesB.their respective responsibilitiesC.either physical or psychological factorsD.influences from inside and outside(5).The purpose of the text is
34、 to _.（分数：2.00）A.entertainB.persuadeC.informD.argue八、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stress
35、ful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great
36、 cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but todays ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fe
37、ar of crime around them.As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys ou
38、tside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they
39、 cause widespread loneliness and destroy the communitys concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the m
40、ore successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.Present day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the
41、human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are
42、drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the enviroment,
43、and to retain familiar landmarks.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _.（分数：2.00）A.in need of helpB.naturally aggressiveC.likely to commit crimeD.anxious to succeed(2).The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities becau
44、se _.（分数：2.00）A.criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsB.people do not communicate with their neighborsC.people feel anonymous thereD.the trappings of success are attractive to criminals(3).According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?（分数：2.00）A.Cr
45、ime.B.Finding somewhere to live.C.Social isolation.D.Drugs and alcoholism.(4).The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they _.（分数：2.00）A.dislike having to travel far to workB.dont like the idea of living in the suburbsC.have been forced by circumstances to do soD.have turned aga
46、inst society(5).Architectural changes have affected city life by _.（分数：2.00）A.giving the individual a say in planningB.dispersing long-established communitiesC.forcing people to live on top of each otherD.making people move to the suburbs九、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are at least two causes of anxie
47、ty: conflict and stress. As an example of the former, we can rarely predict the precise consequences of what we do, but we are awarded (or cursed) with the intellectual capacity to anticipate the advantages and disadvantages which may arise for any action we may be contemplating. Very commonly we ar
48、e faced with a choice between several courses of action, all of which we have reasons for or against. This state of affairs in psychological jargon, multiple approach-avoidance conflict accounts for a great deal of our worrying: worrying, that is, about what to do.The other major source of worry is
49、the dreadful things which may happen or have happened to us or to those we care for. Among the most stressful of these are death, illness, loss of work, money problems, marital problems and retirement. Such worries have a rational basis, but we are curiously irrational in the way we pursue them. For example, fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly and it does not seem to be reduced by any sort of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. It is equally surprising t
