1、剑桥雅思考试第 13 版第三套真题及答案解析(总分：115.00，做题时间：175 分钟)一、LISTENING(总题数：2，分数：20.00)SECTION 3（分数：10）(1).There are four questions belowChoose the correct letter, A, B or C.What first inspired Jim to choose this project?（分数：1）A.textiles displayed in an exhibitionB.a book about a botanic gardenC.carpets he saw on
2、holiday(2).Jim eventually decided to do a practical investigation which involved（分数：1）A.using a range of dyes with different fibres.B.applying different dyes to one type of fibre.C.testing one dye and a range of fibres.(3).When doing his experiments, Jim was surprised by（分数：1）A.how much natural mate
3、rial was needed to make the dye.B.the fact that dyes were widely available on the internetC.the time that he had to leave the fabric in the dye.(4).What problem did Jim have with using tartrazine as a fabric dye?（分数：1）A.It caused a slight allergic reaction.B.It was not a permanent dye on cotton.C.It
4、 was ineffective when used on nylon.(5).There are five questions belowWhat problem is identified with each of the following natural dyes7Choose six answers from the box and write the correct letter, AH, ProblemsA It is expensive.B The colour is too strong.C The colour is not long-lasting.D It is ver
5、y poisonous.E It can damage the fabric.F The colour may be unexpected.G It is unsuitable for some fabrics.H It is not generally available.turmeric（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).beetroot（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).Tyrian purple（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).logwood（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).cochineal（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).metal oxide（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION
6、 4 Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.The sleepy lizard (tiliqua rugosa)Description They are common in Western and South Australia They are brown, but recognisable by their blue 【A1】_ They are relatively large Their diet consists mainly of 【A2】_ Their main predators are lar
7、ge birds and【A3】_Navigation study One study found that lizards can use the【A4】_to help them navigateObservations in the wild Observations show that these lizards keep the same 【A5】_for several yearsWhat people want Possible reasons:- to improve the survival of their young(but little 【A6】_ has been n
8、oted between parents and children)- to provide 【A7】_ for female lizardsTracking study- A study was carried out using GPS systems attached to the 【A8】_ of the lizards- This provided information on the lizards location and even the number of 【A9】_ taken一 It appeared that the lizards were trying to avo
9、id one another- This may be in order to reduce chances of 【A10】_（分数：10）(1).【A1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【A2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【A3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【A4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【A5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【A6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【A7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【A8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).【A9】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).【A10】（分数：1）填空项 1:_二、READING(总题数：3，分
10、数：40.00)READING PASSAGE 1The coconut palmFor millennia, the coconut has been central to the lives of Polynesian and Asian peoples. In the western world, on the other hand, coconuts have always been exotic and unusual, sometimes rare. The Italian merchant traveller Marco Polo apparently saw coconuts
11、in South Asia in the late 13th century, and among the mid-14th-century travel writings of Sir John Mandeville there is mention of great Notes of Ynde (great Nuts of India). Today, images of palm-fringed tropical beaches are cliches in the west to sell holidays, chocolate bars, fizzy drinks and even
12、romance.Typically, we envisage coconuts as brown cannonballs that, when opened, provide sweet white flesh. But we see only part of the fruit and none of the plant from which they come. The coconut palm has a smooth, slender, grey trunk, up to 30 metres tall. This is an important source of timber for
13、 building houses, and is increasingly being used as a replacement for endangered hardwoods in the furniture construction industry. The trunk is surmounted by a rosette of leaves, each of which may be up to six metres long. The leaves have hard veins in their centres which, in many parts of the world
14、, are used as brushes after the green part of the leaf has been stripped away. Immature coconut flowers are tightly clustered together among the leaves at the top of the trunk. The flower stems may be tapped for their sap to produce a drink, and the sap can also be reduced by boiling to produce a ty
15、pe of sugar used for cooking.Coconut palms produce as many as seventy fruits per year, weighing more than a kilogram each. The wall of the fruit has three layers: a waterproof outer layer, a fibrous middle layer and a hard, inner layer. The thick fibrous middle layer produces coconut fibre, coir，whi
16、ch has numerous uses and is particularly important in manufacturing ropes. The woody innermost layer, the shell, with its three prominent eyes，surrounds the seed. An important product obtained from the shell is charcoal, which is widely used in various industries as well as in the home as a cooking
17、fuel. When broken in half, the shells are also used as bowls in many parts of Asia.Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed. Initially, the endosperm is a sweetish liquid, coconut water, which is enjoyed as a drink, but also provides the hormones which encourage o
18、ther plants to grow more rapidly and produce higher yields. As the fruit matures, the coconut water gradually solidifies to form the brilliant white, fat-rich, edible flesh or meat. Dried coconut flesh, copra，is made into coconut oil and coconut milk, which are widely used in cooking in different pa
19、rts of the world, as well as in cosmetics. A derivative of coconut fat, glycerine, acquired strategic importance in a quite different sphere, as Alfred Nobel introduced the world to his nitroglycerine-based invention: dynamite.Their biology would appear to make coconuts the great maritime voyagers a
20、nd coastal colonizers of the plant world. The large, energy-rich fruits are able to float in water and tolerate salt, but cannot remain viable indefinitely; studies suggest after about 110 days at sea they are no longer able to germinate. Literally cast onto desert island shores, with little more th
21、an sand to grow in and exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun, coconut seeds are able to germinate and root. The air pocket in the seed, created as the endosperm solidifies, protects the embryo. In addition, the fibrous fruit wall that helped it to float during the voyage stores moisture that
22、 can be taken up by the roots of the coconut seedling as it starts to grow.There have been centuries of academic debate over the origins of the coconut. There were no coconut palms in West Africa, the Caribbean or the east coast of the Americas before the voyages of the European explorers Vasco da G
23、ama and Columbus in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. 16th century trade and human migration patterns reveal that Arab traders and European sailors are likely to have moved coconuts from South and Southeast Asia to Africa and then across the Atlantic to the east coast of America. But the origi
24、n of coconuts discovered along the west coast of America by 16th century sailors has been the subject of centuries of discussion. Two diametrically opposed origins have been proposed: that they came from Asia, or that they were native to America. Both suggestions have problems.丨 n Asia, there is a l
25、arge degree of coconut diversity and evidence of millennia of human use 一 but there are no relatives growing in the wild. In America, there are close coconut relatives, but no evidence that coconuts are indigenous. These problems have led to the intriguing suggestion that coconuts originated on cora
26、l islands in the Pacific and were dispersed from there.（分数：13）(1).There are eight questions belowComplete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.THE COCONUT PALMPart Description Usestrunk up to 30 metres timber for houses and the making of【B1】_leaves up to 6 metres lon
27、g to make brushesflowers at the top of the trunk s stems provide sap, used as a drink or a source of 【B2】_fruits outer layer middle layer (coir used for 【B3】_ ， etc.inner layer (shell)a source of 【B4】_(when halved) for 【B5】_coconut watera drinka source of 【B6】_for other plantscoconut fleshoil and mi
28、lk for cooking and【B7】_glycerine (an ingredient in【B8】_【B1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【B2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【B3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【B4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【B5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【B6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【B7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【B8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).There are five questions belowDo the following statements agree with the info
29、rmation given in Reading Passage 1?on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisCoconut seeds need shade in order to germinate.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).Coconuts were probably transpo
30、rted to Asia from America in the 16th century.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(11).Coconuts found on the wes coast of America were a different type from those found on the east coast.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(12).All the coconuts found in Asia are cultivated varieties.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(13).Coconuts are cultivated in different ways in
31、 America and the Pacific.（分数：1）填空项 1:_READING PASSAGE 2How baby talk gives infant brains a boost A The typical way of talking to a baby 一 high-pitched, exaggerated and repetitious 一 is a source of fascination for linguists who hope to understand how baby talk impacts on learning. Most babies start d
32、eveloping their hearing while still in the womb, prompting some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies. Some research even suggests that infants are listening to adult speech as early as 10 weeks before being born, gathering the basic building blocks of their familys nativ
33、e tongue.B Early language exposure seems to have benefits to the brain for instance, studies suggest that babies raised in bilingual homes are better at learning how to mentally prioritize information. So how does the sweet if sometimes absurd sound of infantdirected speech influence a babys develop
34、ment? Here are some recent studies that explore the science behind baby talk.C Fathers dont use baby talk as often or in the same ways as mothers - and thats perfectly OK, according to a new study. Mark Van Dam of Washington State University at Spokane and colleagues equipped parents with recording
35、devices and speech-recognition software to study the way they interacted with their youngsters during a normal day. We found that moms do exactly what youd expect and whats been described many times over, Van Dam explains. But we found that dads arent doing the same thing. Dads didnt raise their pit
36、ch or fundamental frequency when they talked to kids.，Their role may be rooted in what is called the bridge hypothesis, which dates back to 1975. It suggests that fathers use less familial language to provide their children with a bridge to the kind of speech theyll hear in public. The idea is that
37、a kid gets to practice a certain kind of speech with mom and another kind of speech with dad, so the kid then has a wider repertoire of kinds of speech to practice, says VanDam.D Scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut collected thousands of 30-second conversat
38、ions between parents and their babies, fitting 26 children with audio-recording vests that captured language and sound during a typical eight-hour day. The study found that the more baby talk parents used, the more their youngsters began to babble. And when researchers saw the same babies at age two
39、, they found that frequent baby talk had dramatically boosted vocabulary, regardless of socioeconomic status. Those children who listened to a lot of baby talk were talking more than the babies that listened to more adult talk or standard speech,，says Nairan Ramfrez-Esparza of the University of Conn
40、ecticut. We also found that it really matters whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context, she adds. The more parents use baby talk one-on-one, the more babies babble, and the more they babble, the more words they produce later in life.E Another study suggests that parents might want to pair t
41、heir youngsters up so they can babble more with their own kind. Researchers from McGill University and Universite du Quebec a Montreal found that babies seem to like listening to each other rather than to adults - which may be why baby talk is such a universal tool among parents. They played repeati
42、ng vowel sounds made by a special synthesizing device that mimicked sounds made by either an adult woman or another baby. This way, only the impact of the auditory cues was observed. The team then measured how long each type of sound held the infants attention. They found that the infant sounds held
43、 babies attention nearly 40 percent longer. The baby noises also induced more reactions in the listening infants, like smiling or lip moving, which approximates sound making. The team theorizes that this attraction to other infant sounds could help launch the learning process that leads to speech. I
44、t may be some property of the sound that is just drawing their attention, says study co-author Linda Polka. Or maybe they are really interested in that particular type of sound because they are starting to focus on their own ability to make sounds. We are speculating here but it might catch their at
45、tention because they recognize it as a sound they could possibly make.F In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a total of 57 babies from two slightly different age groups - seven months and eleven and a half months - were played a number of syllables from both their
46、 native language (English) and a non-native tongue (Spanish). The infants were placed in a brainactivation scanner that recorded activity in a brain region known to guide the motor movements that produce speech. The results suggest that listening to baby talk prompts infant brains to start practicin
47、g their language skills. Finding activation in motor areas of the brain when infants are simply listening is significant, because it means the baby brain is engaged in trying to talk back right from the start, and suggests that seven-month-olds brains are already trying to figure out how to make the right movements that will produce words, says co-author Patricia Kuhl. Another interesting finding was that while the seven-month-olds responded to all speech sounds regardless of language, the brains of the older infa
