1、雅思(学术类)模拟 73 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. APPLICATION FORMYears of Membership: Seven Type of I.D.: _1_ I.D. No.: _2_ Family Name: Black Other N
2、ames: Gavin Raymond D.O.B.: 22/01/1973 I.D. Expiry Date: _3_ Address: _4_ Meadowbank Class of Vehicle: _5_ Endorsements: None Convictions: _6_ (1993)（分数：0.50）(7).Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Membership Level Benefits 7 Bronze Silver Gold Sta
3、ndard Care 5% discount 7.5% discount 50% discount off 8 Insurance $10 off fee $20 off fee Free 9 Personal Loans 0.25% reduction * 0.5% reduction * 10 reduction * 1.25% reduction * * on applicable rate （分数：0.50）三、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TH
4、REE WORDS for each answer. Diners can eat inside the restaurant or in the 1.（分数：0.50）(2).Visitors can put on their swim suits and play in the 1.（分数：0.50）(3).The Cottage houses a museum, cinema room and 1.（分数：0.50）(4).The Garden Nursery is the place to buy plants, pots, garden sculptures and ornament
5、s including 1.（分数：0.50）(5).The Wood Crafting Shed is a great place to buy wooden products, especially 1 for the children.（分数：0.50）(6).The avocado fruit that is grown at Summerland is picked by 1.（分数：0.50）(7).Label the plan below. Choose your answers from the box below and write the letters A-H next
6、to questions 17-20. （分数：0.50）四、SECTION 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the sentences below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. In hydroculture, plants are grown with their roots in water so 1 is necessary for the upper part of the plant.（分数：0.50）(2).LECA is made from 1.（分数：0.50）(3).Label the
7、 diagram below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. （分数：0.50）(6).Which TWO kinds of produce are especially suited to the nutrient film technique? A. peas B. beans C. potatoes D. yams E. tomatoes（分数：0.50）(8).Which TWO materials can be used as a substratum? A. oxygen-rich solution B. coconut
8、 fibre C. mineral wool D. rock E. paper fibre（分数：0.50）(10).Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer. What do growers risk when moving from an old system to a new one?（分数：0.50）五、SECTION 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answ
9、er. Frederick was the name of the duke made famous in a well-known 1.（分数：0.50）(2).Frederick was aged 1 when he was sent to war.（分数：0.50）(3).His battles against the 1 ended in total disaster.（分数：0.50）(4).In 1798, George gave his son a 1 within the ranks of the military.（分数：0.50）(5).Frederick should n
10、ot be held wholly accountable for failing: the 1 of his fighters made victory difficult to achieve.（分数：0.50）(6).The people Frederick commanded were mostly old men, new conscripts or 1.（分数：0.50）(7).Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. The Grand Old Duke of York: - w
11、anted to enlist better types of _7_ - made the army better by bringing in chaplains, medics and _8_ - established a college for preparing army _9_ - established school in Chelsea for sons of soldiers - gave up the position of Commander-in-Chief in 1807 because of a _10_ - re-appointed later (in 1811
12、) by his brother (George IV) - died in 1827（分数：0.50）六、Reading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、READING PASSAGE 1(总题数：1，分数：6.50)Clutter Bugs BewareHaving an abundance of stuff is a symptom of 21st Century materialismpeople are conditioned by society to think that more is betterbut take heed: it can suck your e
13、nergy and your time. An unruly assortment of stuff littering your room or your home can be both annoying and unsettling. Precious items and anything with real sentimental value should be stored carefully, of course, but clutter such as old receipts, outdated invitations, catalogues, your collection
14、of trashy magazines and unwanted gifts should be disposed of. If you added up the time spent looking for misplaced objects or sifting through unnecessary papers to find what you need, what would that amount to? There is a lot to be said for the old adage: a place for everything and everything in its
15、 place. This ancient organising truism can help you get your life in order and be free from clutter forever. Firstly, develop a system with a restricted series of options. Put all incoming material into your “inbox“ at work, or whatever the equivalent is at home, then deal with the tasks one by one.
16、 Either do them immediately or prioritise them into A, B or C tasks ensuring that the “A“ tasks take precedence over all others. Another simple tip: find a home for everything. Before you toss something down on the countertop or sofa, ask yourself, “Is that where it belongs?“ If it does not have a h
17、ome, designate a place for that object and use the same spot every time. Label boxes and containers, drawers and cupboards and, remember, procrastination is to be avoided at all costs. Stow belongings and equipment in their assigned places straight away. Get into the habitconcentrate your energy on
18、it until it becomes automatic. Clear off all flat surfaces like the desk in your office, the bench top in the kitchen or the bed in the bedroom. Be aware of transition stages, when you are moving from one task to another, and exploit this phase productively to clean and clear up. It is a good idea t
19、o have an evaluation now and then to review your organising system and make adjustments. Perhaps there is more to de-clutter or perhaps you need to rearrange items, for example, if they are stored in one room but you use them in another. Clutter is also categorized as anything that is not finished s
20、o, if you have incomplete projects, make time to get them over and done with. Once you are clutter-free and well-organised, your life may change for the better. Feng shui principles discourage the accumulation of clutter as “chi“ or energy cannot move freely around masses of material, causing stagna
21、tion and a breeding ground for negative energy. For harmony and productivity, chi has to be free flowing and unrestricted. (Interestingly, the word “clutter“ comes from an Old English word which means “to cause to become blocked or obscured“.) Apparently, hoarding creates excessive “yin“ energy whic
22、h interferes with the natural flow and causes imbalance. Some of the consequences of this are purported to be poor concentration, stress, resentfulness and a lowered immune system. Clutter is stuck energy that affects people on all levels: physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Clutter
23、traps people in the past. It also shapes their self-image and others“ perception of themperhaps as neglected, unworthy, disorganised or ignored, if it is true that your surroundings reflect your inner self, then cleaning up clutter must surely bring positive change into your life. Call it feng shui
24、or call it common sense: on a practical level, the accumulation of junk hinders cleaning and fosters dirt and bacteria. It creates chaos, obstructs new opportunities, takes up physical space and harms relationships in your life. So, why do people hoard? There have been many reasons posited as to why
25、 people collect and hang on to junk. Psychologists used to say it sprang from an impoverished childhood with a scarcity of food and material possessions but more recently it has been argued that it arises from an adolescence deprived of emotional support and comfort. Fear obviously has a great deal
26、to do with it, too: fear of not having enough; fear of letting go of the memories associated with the objects; or fear of loss of control or security. Perhaps egotism has a part to play in that people buy and accumulate material objects as a demonstration of their personal power. Others may do it as
27、 a form of self compensation to conceal unresolved emotional problems. Whatever the reason for it, it is said that clutter in your home and in your life is disempowering, that it undermines your energy, erodes your spirit and holds you in the past. It also thwarts financial prosperity. Aim for a har
28、monious and balanced flow of “chi“ in your home and you may reap the rewards of a cleaner, more attractive, safer and nurturing place that is not only more comfortable but will allow you to pursue more effectively and successfully your true goals in life. Clean up and enjoy better health, wealth and
29、 happiness.（分数：6.50）(1).Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to s
30、ay what the writer thinks about this Anything that causes untidiness in your dwelling should be thrown out.（分数：0.50）(2).The ancient saying “a place for everything and everything in its place“ is a good rule to follow in the 21st Century.（分数：0.50）(3).Organising systems should be limited to a set of n
31、o more than three options.（分数：0.50）(4).It is a good idea to identify individual items with tags.（分数：0.50）(5).Putting off things is a bad habit.（分数：0.50）(6).Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6-
32、8 on your answer sheet. Use 1 constructively as a time for tidying up.（分数：0.50）(7).Any management scheme for orderliness will benefit from an occasional 1.（分数：0.50）(8).Any unfinished undertaking may also be classified as 1.（分数：0.50）(9).Complete the summary below with words taken from Reading Passage
33、 1. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet. Feng shui is concerned with the flow of energy. There are many negative _9_ of unbalanced “chi“. Amassing a great deal of stuff holds people to the _10_ and affects their self image. It is a matter
34、 of fact that a build-up of mess creates _11_ but on another level it generates _12_ . People hoard junk for all sorts of reasonsmost of them psychological, such as fear, egotism or even as a kind of _13_ , covering up various issues in their lives that have never been cleared up.（分数：0.50）八、READING
35、PASSAGE 2(总题数：1，分数：6.50)FLUORIDATION OFPUBLIC WATER SUPPLIESWater fluoridation is the process of releasing small amounts of fluoride into the public water supply as a way to reduce dental health problems. The process of reducing tooth decay through fluoridation is clearly understood, and research co
36、nfirms water fluoridation“s effect on limiting instances of tooth decay. Nevertheless, fluoride is not harmless in all quantities. At levels moderately above those desired, it can result in something known as fluorosis, and at very high levels acute fluoride poisoning can occur. Fluoride“s function
37、is to intervene in the demineralisation mechanism of tooth decay. Demineralisation is a process that begins when sugary carbohydrates are eaten, and organic acids are subsequently generated by bacteria within the dental plaque. When a certain level of acidity is produced (pH in the oral cavity dips
38、below 5.5), the acids waste away the main component of tooth enamel, a substance known as carbonated hydroxyapatite. If this erosion persists for months and years without adequate remineralisation, then tooth decay occurs, and dental cavities form. Fluoride can greatly assist the mouth with the remi
39、neralisation of decaying enamel. Fluoridation creates fluoride ions in saliva that can restore some of the lost mineral content from enamel after sugary acids have left the oral cavity. When these ions exist in plaque fluid alongside dissolved carbonated hydroxyapatite, and the pH is higher than 4.5
40、, a fluorapatite veneer covers the dental enamel. This veneer has the benefit of being more acid-resistant than the tooth“s hydroxyapatite, and is formed more quickly than by the natural remineralisation mechanism. Blood plasma transports any fluoride that has been ingested to calcium-rich areas suc
41、h as the teeth, supporting dental infrastructure from the inside as well. The U.S. Center for Disease Control has listed fluoridation of the water supply as one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. While tooth decay is rarely a threat to mortality, it is one of the most pr
42、evalent chronic diseases globally and affects 60-90 percent of children across industrialised countries. Research suggests that the presence of fluoride in saliva at all times (but in small quantities) is the single most effective preventative measure of tooth decay. Water fluoridation is perfectly
43、geared towards helping to ensure this. Drinking water is the largest source of fluoride for people globally, and evidence demonstrates its efficacy in reducing cavities, particularly among poorer households without regular access to dentists. Although not considered to be an essential ingredient (a
44、substance necessary to perpetuate human life and biological development), fluoride can be considered a nutrient that counteracts harmful processes from lifestyle or environmental factors. Nevertheless, in doses higher than those desirable, a side effect known as dental fluorosis can occur. Its prima
45、ry symptomspale streaking across the incisorsare considered a cosmetic problem for many people. The key risk period for developing fluorosis is ages one to four, with any likelihood of getting it having depleted by age eight. Young children are therefore encouraged to have their fluoride ingestion m
46、onitoredreduction of fluoride in infant formula and children“s toothpaste has assisted this process. Far more serious than mild dental fluorosis, however, yet much rarer, is a condition known as acute fluoride poisoning. This does not happen very often, as it is unlikely that most people would ever
47、come into contact with large amounts of fluoride. When it does happen, it is typically a consequence of water technicians accidentally allowing excess amounts of fluoride into the system, which is then ingested by an unsuspecting public. In one of the worst instances of fluoride poisoning, 262 peopl
48、e became ill and one person died in Alaska in 1992. During 2010 in Asheboro, North Carolina, 60 gallons of fluoride were released into the water supply in 90 minutes; this amount was intended for release over a 24-hour period. These incidents highlight the importance of careful monitoring to ensure
49、public safety. Not everyone supports water fluoridation. Paul Connett, a chemistry professor from St. Lawrence University, has listed many reasons to oppose the practice. Firstly, he suggests, studies that have tracked the effects of discontinuing fluoridation in communities from Canada, Germany, Cuba and Finland have found that instances of dental decay actually dropped considerably as a result of halting the practice. Secondly, Connett finds that once water supplies are fluoridated it is i
