1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 104及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Module(总题数：10，分数：80.00)1.Reading Module (60 minutes)_You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The Connection between Culture and ThoughtA The worlds population has surpassed 7 billion and contin
2、ues to grow. Across the globe, humans have many differences. These differences can be influenced by factors such as geography, climate, politics, nationality, and many more. Culture is one such aspect that can change the way people behave.B Your culture may influence your clothing, your language, an
3、d many aspects of your life. But is culture influential enough to change the way an individual thinks? It has long been believed that people from different cultures would think differently. For example, a young boy from a farm would talk about cows while a boy from New York will talk about cars. If
4、two young children from different countries are asked about their thoughts about a painting, they would answer differently because of their cultural backgrounds.C In recent years, there has been new research that changed this long-held belief; However, this new research is not the first to explore t
5、he idea that culture can change the way we think. Earlier research has provided valuable insight to the question. One of the earliest research projects was carried out in the Soviet Union. This project was designed to find out whether culture would affect peoples way of thought processing. The resea
6、rchers focused on how living environment and nationality might influence how people think. The experiment led by Bessett aimed to question such awareness of cognitive psychology. Bessett conducted several versions of the experiment to test different cognitive processes.D One experiment led by Besset
7、t and Masuku showed an animated video picturing a big fish swimming among smaller fish and other sea creatures. Subjects were asked to describe the scene. The Japanese participants tended to focus on the aquatic background, such as the plants and colour of the water, as well as the relationship betw
8、een the big and small fish. American participants tended to focus on individual fishes, mainly the larger, more unique looking fish. The experiment suggested that members of Eastern cultures focus more on the overall picture, while members of Western culture focus more on the individuals.E In anothe
9、r experiment performed by Bessett and Choi, the subjects were presented with some very convincing evidence for a position. Both the Korean and the American showed strong support. And after they were given some evidence opposing the position, the Korean started to modified or decreased their support.
10、 However, the American began to give more support to the former argument. This project suggested that in Korean culture, support for arguments is based on context. Ideas and conclusions are changeable and flexible, so an individual may be more willing to change his or her mind. For Americans, they w
11、ere less willing to change their original conclusion.F Bessett and Ara devised an experiment to test the thought processing of both oriental and occidental worlds. Test subject was given an argument “All animals with furs hibernate. Rabbit has fur. Therefore, rabbit hibernate“. People from the easte
12、rn world questioned the argument as not being logical, because in their knowledge some furry animals just dont hibernate. But the American think the statement is right. They assume the logic deduction is based on a correct argument, thus the conclusion is right since the logic is right.G From these
13、early experiments in the Soviet Union, one might conclude that our original premise that culture can impact the way we thinkwas still correct. However, recent research criticises this view, as well as Bessetts early experiments. Though these experiments changed the original belief on thought process
14、ing, how much does it result from all factors needs further discussion. Fischer thinks Bessetts experiments provide valuable information because his research only provides qualitative descriptions, not results from controlled environment. Chang partly agrees with him, because there are some social f
15、actors that might influence the results.H Another criticism of Bessetts experiments is that culture was studied as a sub-factor of nationality. The experiments assumed that culture would be the same among all members of a nationality. For example, every American that participated in the experiments
16、could be assumed to have the same culture. In reality, culture is much more complicated than nationality. These early experiments did not control for other factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and regional differences in culture. All of these factors could have a big effect o
17、n the individuals response.I A third criticism of Bessetts experiment is that the content itself should have been more abstract, such as a puzzle or an IQ test. With objective content, such as nature and animals, people from different countries of the world might have different pre-conceived ideas a
18、bout these animals. Prior knowledge based on geographic location would further complicate the results. A test that is more abstract, or more quantitative, would provide a more controlled study of how cognitive processing works for different groups of people.J The research on cultures effect on cogni
19、tive processing still goes on today, and while some criticisms exist of Bessetts early studies, the projects still provide valuable insight. It is important for future research projects to control carefully for the variables, such as culture. Something like culture is complex and difficult to define
20、. It can also be influenced by many other variables, such as geography or education styles. When studying a variable like culture, it is critical that the researcher create a clear definition for what isand what is notconsidered culture.K Another important aspect of modern research is the ethical im
21、pact of the research. A researcher must consider carefully whether the results of the research will negatively impact any of the groups involved. In an increasingly globalised job economy, generalisations made about nationalities can be harmful to prospective employees. This information could also i
22、mpact the way tests and university admissions standards are designed, which would potentially favor one group or create a disadvantage for another. When conducting any research about culture and nationality, researchers should consider all possible effects, positive or negative, that their conclusio
23、ns may have when published for the world to see.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has eleven paragraphs, A-K.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.（分数：10.00）(1).All people have the sam
24、e reaction to a certain point of view.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Qualitative descriptions are valuable in exploring thought processing.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Different cultures will affect the description of the same scene.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).We thought of young people as widely different at different geograp
25、hical locations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Eastern people are less likely to stick to their argument.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Look at the following statements (Questions 6-9) and the list of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-C.Write the correct letter, A-C, in boxes 6-9 on your a
26、nswer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of Researchers A Bessett However, this new research is not the first to explore the idea that culture can change the way we think. Earlier research has provided valuable insight to the question. One of the earliest research projects was carri
27、ed out in the Soviet Union. This project was designed to find out whether culture would affect peoples way of thought processing. The researchers focused on how living environment and nationality might influence how people think. The experiment led by Bessett aimed to question such awareness of cogn
28、itive psychology. Bessett conducted several versions of the experiment to test different cognitive processes.D One experiment led by Bessett and Masuku showed an animated video picturing a big fish swimming among smaller fish and other sea creatures. Subjects were asked to describe the scene. The Ja
29、panese participants tended to focus on the aquatic background, such as the plants and colour of the water, as well as the relationship between the big and small fish. American participants tended to focus on individual fishes, mainly the larger, more unique looking fish. The experiment suggested tha
30、t members of Eastern cultures focus more on the overall picture, while members of Western culture focus more on the individuals.E In another experiment performed by Bessett and Choi, the subjects were presented with some very convincing evidence for a position. Both the Korean and the American showe
31、d strong support. And after they were given some evidence opposing the position, the Korean started to modified or decreased their support. However, the American began to give more support to the former argument. This project suggested that in Korean culture, support for arguments is based on contex
32、t. Ideas and conclusions are changeable and flexible, so an individual may be more willing to change his or her mind. For Americans, they were less willing to change their original conclusion.F Bessett and Ara devised an experiment to test the thought processing of both oriental and occidental world
33、s. Test subject was given an argument “All animals with furs hibernate. Rabbit has fur. Therefore, rabbit hibernate“. People from the eastern world questioned the argument as not being logical, because in their knowledge some furry animals just dont hibernate. But the American think the statement is
34、 right. They assume the logic deduction is based on a correct argument, thus the conclusion is right since the logic is right.G From these early experiments in the Soviet Union, one might conclude that our original premise that culture can impact the way we thinkwas still correct. However, recent re
35、search criticises this view, as well as Bessetts early experiments. Though these experiments changed the original belief on thought processing, how much does it result from all factors needs further discussion. Fischer thinks Bessetts experiments provide valuable information because his research onl
36、y provides qualitative descriptions, not results from controlled environment. Chang partly agrees with him, because there are some social factors that might influence the results.H Another criticism of Bessetts experiments is that culture was studied as a sub-factor of nationality. The experiments a
37、ssumed that culture would be the same among all members of a nationality. For example, every American that participated in the experiments could be assumed to have the same culture. In reality, culture is much more complicated than nationality. These early experiments did not control for other facto
38、rs, such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and regional differences in culture. All of these factors could have a big effect on the individuals response.I A third criticism of Bessetts experiment is that the content itself should have been more abstract, such as a puzzle or an IQ test.
39、With objective content, such as nature and animals, people from different countries of the world might have different pre-conceived ideas about these animals. Prior knowledge based on geographic location would further complicate the results. A test that is more abstract, or more quantitative, would
40、provide a more controlled study of how cognitive processing works for different groups of people.J The research on cultures effect on cognitive processing still goes on today, and while some criticisms exist of Bessetts early studies, the projects still provide valuable insight. It is important for
41、future research projects to control carefully for the variables, such as culture. Something like culture is complex and difficult to define. It can also be influenced by many other variables, such as geography or education styles. When studying a variable like culture, it is critical that the resear
42、cher create a clear definition for what isand what is notconsidered culture.K Another important aspect of modern research is the ethical impact of the research. A researcher must consider carefully whether the results of the research will negatively impact any of the groups involved. In an increasin
43、gly globalised job economy, generalisations made about nationalities can be harmful to prospective employees. This information could also impact the way tests and university admissions standards are designed, which would potentially favor one group or create a disadvantage for another. When conducti
44、ng any research about culture and nationality, researchers should consider all possible effects, positive or negative, that their conclusions may have when published for the world to see.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has eleven paragraphs, A-K.Which paragraph contains the following information?Writ
45、e the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.（分数：10.00）(1).All people have the same reaction to a certain point of view.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：E）解析：解析：题干说：人们对某个观点有相同的反应。根据题干关键词“same reaction”定位到原 文 E段第 1句，即在 Bessett和 Choi的实验中“the subjects
46、 were presented with some very convincing evidence for a positionBoth the Korean and the American showed strong support”这句是说给被试者(韩国人和美国人)提供一个有证据支撑的观点，结果 他们都强烈支持此观点，与题干描述相符。因此，本题的答案为 E。(2).Qualitative descriptions are valuable in exploring thought processing.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：G）解析：解析：题干说：定性
47、描述对于探讨思维存在价值。根据题干关键词“qualitative description” 定位到原文 G段中间“Fischer thinks Bessetts experiments provide valuable informa tion because his research only provides”这句是说该研究者认为巴西特的实验存在有 价值的信息，因为其提供了定性描述，与题干描述相符。因此，本题的答案为 G。(3).Different cultures will affect the description of the same scene.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
48、 （正确答案：正确答案：D）解析：解析：题干说：不同文化会影响人们对同一场景的描述。根据题干关键词“different cul tures”和“same scene”定位到原文 D段，该段研究人员展示了一个场景，要求被试 者进行描述。原文提到日本人更倾向描述水中的环境而美国人则倾向讨论单个的鱼。 日本人和美国人属于不同文化的群体，并且对同一场景产生了不同的看法。因此， 本题的答案为 D。(4).We thought of young people as widely different at different geographical locations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （
49、正确答案：正确答案：B）解析：解析：题干说：我们认为来自不同地理区域的年轻人会有很大不同。通过题干关键词“young people”定位到 B段“For example，a young boy from a farm would talk about cows while a boy from New York will talk about carsIf two young children”，作者列举了农 场小孩和纽约小孩更倾向于讨论的话题，并说明不同文化的人想法不同。因此，本 题的答案为 B。(5).Eastern people are less likely to stick to their argument.（分数：2.00）填空
