1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 64（无答案）一、Reading Module (60 minutes)0 Part OneA Air pollution is increasingly becoming the focus of government and citizen concern around the globe. From Mexico City and New York, to Singapore and Tokyo, new solutions to this old problem are being proposed, trialled and implemented with e
2、ver increasing speed. It is feared that unless pollution reduction measures are able to keep pace with the continued pressures of urban growth, air quality in many of the worlds major cities will deteriorate beyond reason.B Action is being taken along several fronts: through new legislation, improve
3、d enforcement and innovative technology. In Los Angeles, state regulations are forcing manufacturers to try to sell ever cleaner cars: their first of the cleanest, titled Zero Emission Vehicles, have to be available soon, since they are intended to make up 2 per cent of sales in 1997. Local authorit
4、ies in London ore campaigning to be allowed to enforce anti-pollution lows themselves; at present only the police have the power ro do so, but they tend to be busy elsewhere. In Singapore, renting out toad space to users is the way of the future.C When Britains Royal Automobile Club monitored the ex
5、hausts of 60,000 vehicles, it found that 12 per cent of them produced more than half the total pollution. Older cars were the worst offenders; though a sizeable number of quire new cars were also identified as gross polluters, they were simply badly tuned. California has developed a scheme to get th
6、ese gross polluters off the streets: they offer a flat $700 for any old, run-down vehicle driven in by its owner. The aim is to remove the heaviest-polluting, most decrepit vehicles from the roads.D As part of a European Union environmental programme, a London council is resting an infra-red spectro
7、meter from the University of Denver in Colorado. It gauges the pollution from a passing vehicle - more useful than the annual stationary rest that is the British standard today - by bouncing a beam through the exhaust and measuring what gets blocked. The councils next step may be to link the system
8、to a computerised video camera able to read number plates automatically.E The effort to clean up cars may do little to cut pollution if nothing is done about the tendency to drive them more. Los Angeles has some of the worlds cleanest cars - far better than those of Europe - bur the total number of
9、miles those cars drive continues to grow. One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people who share the same destination share the use of one car. However, the average number of people in a car on the freeway in Los Angeles, which is 1.3, has been falling steadily. Increasing
10、 it would be an effective way of reducing emissions as well as easing congestion. The trouble is, Los Angelenos seem to like being alone in their cars.F Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they wish to visit a certain part of the city. Electronic innovations
11、make possible increasing sophisrication: rates can vary according to road conditions, time of day and so on. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with a city-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as they pass certain points. Such road-pricing, however, can be co
12、ntroversial. When the local government in Cambridge, England, considered introducing Singaporean Techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successful opposition. Part TwoThe scope of the problem facing the worlds cities is immense. In 1992, the United Nations Environmental Programme and the World He
13、alth Organisation(WHO)concluded that all of a sample of twenty megacities - places likely to have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000 - already exceeded the level the WHO deems healthy in at least one major pollutant. Two-thirds of them exceeded the guidelines for two, seven for three
14、 or more.Of the six pollutants monitored by the WHO - carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, lead and particulate matter - it is this last category that is attracting the most attention from health researchers. PM10, a sub-category of particulate matter measuring ten-millionths of
15、 a metre across, has been implicated in Thousands of deaths a year in Britain alone. Research being conducted in two counties of Southern California is reaching similarly disturbing conclusions concerning this little-understood pollutant.A world-wide rise in allergies, particularly asthma, over the
16、post four decades is now said to be linked with increased air pollution. The lungs and brains of children who grow up in polluted air offer further evidence of its destructive power. The old and ill, however, are the most vulnerable to the acute effects of heavily polluted stagnant air. It can actua
17、lly hasten death, as it did in December 1991 when a cloud of exhaust fumes lingered over the city of London for over a week.The United Nations has estimated that in the year 2000 there will be twenty-four mega-cities and a further eighty-five cities of more than three million people. The pressure on
18、 public officials, corporations and urban citizens to reverse established trends in air pollution is likely to grow in proportion with the growth of cities themselves. Progress is being made. The question, though, remains the same: Will change happen quickly enough?Questions 1-5Look at the following
19、 solutions(Questions 1-5)and locations. Match each solution with one location.Write the appropriate locations in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any location more than once.SOLUTIONSLOCATIONSSingaporeTokyoLondonNew YorkMexico CityCambridgeLos Angeles1 Manufacturers must sell cleaner c
20、ars.2 Authorities want to have power to enforce anti-pollution laws.3 Drivers will be charged according to the roads they use.4 Moving vehicles will be monitored for their exhaust emissions.5 Commuters are encouraged to share their vehicles with others.5 Do the following statements reflect the claim
21、s of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement reflects the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this6 According to British research, a mere twe
22、lve per cent of vehicles tested produced over fifty per cent of total pollution produced by the sample group.7 It is currently possible to measure the pollution coming from individual vehicles whilst they are moving.8 Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they trave
23、l by car.9 Car-pooling has steadily become more popular in Los Angeles in recent years.10 Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge, England.11 How many pollutants currently exceed WHO guidelines in all megacities studied?（A）one（B） two（C） three（D
24、）seven12 Which pollutant is currently the subject of urgent research?（A）nitrogen dioxide（B） ozone（C） lead（D）particulate matter13 Which of the following groups of people are the most severely affected by intense air pollution?（A）allergy sufferers（B） children（C） the old and ill（D）asthma sufferers13 VO
25、TES FOR WOMEN The suffragette movement, which campaigned for votes for women in the early twentieth century, is most commonly associated with the Pankhurst family and militant acts of varying degrees of violence. The Museum of London has drawn on its archive collection to convey a fresh picture with
26、 its exhibitionThe Purple, White and Green: Suffragettes in London 1906 14.The name is a reference to the colour scheme that the Womens Social and Political Union(WSPU)created to give the movement a uniform, nationwide image. By doing so, it became one of the first groups to project a corporate iden
27、tity, and it is this advanced marketing strategy, along with the other organisational and commercial achievements of the WSPU, to which the exhibition is devoted.Formed in 1903 by the political campaigner Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia, the WSPU began an educated camp
28、aign to put womens suffrage on the political agenda. New Zealand, Australia and parts of the United States had already enfranchised women, and growing numbers of their British counterparts wanted the same opportunity.With their slogan Deeds not words, and the introduction of the colour scheme, the W
29、SPU soon brought the movement the cohesion and focus it had previously lacked. Membership grew rapidly as women deserted the many other, less directed, groups and joined it. By 1906 the WSPU headquarters, called the Womens Press Shop, had been established in Charing Cross Road and in spite of limite
30、d communications(no radio or television, and minimal use of the telephone)the message had spread around the country, with members and branch officers stretching to as far away as Scotland.The newspapers produced by the WSPU, first Votes for Women and later The Suffragette, played a vital role in thi
31、s communication. Both were sold throughout the country and proved an invaluable way of informing members of meetings, marches, fund-raising events and the latest news and views on the movement.Equally importantly for a rising political group, the newspaper returned a profit. This was partly because
32、advertising space was bought in the paper by large department stores such as Selfridges, and jewellers such as Mappin WSPU members on a self-proclaimed monster march, wearing their official uniforms of a white frock decorated with purple, white and green accessories; women selling The Suffragette at
33、 street corners, or chalking up pavements with details of a forthcoming meeting.Windows display postcards and greeting cards designed by women artists for the movement, and the quality of the artwork indicates the wealth of resources the WSPU could call on from its talented members.Visitors can watc
34、h a short film made up of old newsreels and cinema material which clearly reveals the political mood of the day towards the suffragettes. The programme begins with a short film devised by the antis those opposed to women having the vote -depicting a suffragette as a fierce harridan bullying her poor
35、, abused husband. Original newsreel footage shows the suffragette Emily Wilding Davison throwing herself under King George Vs horse at a famous racecourse.Although the exhibition officially charts the years 1906 to 1914, graphic display boards outlining the bills of enfranchisement of 1918 and 1928,
36、 which gave the adult female populace of Britain the vote, show what was achieved. It demonstrates how advanced the suffragettes were in their thinking, in the marketing of their campaign, and in their work as shrewd and skilful image-builders. It also conveys a sense of the energy and ability the s
37、uffragettes brought to their fight for freedom and equality. And it illustrates the intelligence employed by women who were at that time deemed by several politicians to have brains too small to know how to vote.14 What is the main aspect of the suffragette movements work to which the exhibition at
38、the Museum of London is devoted?（A）the role of the Pankhurst family in the suffrage movement（B） the violence of the movements political campaign（C） the success of the movements corporate image（D）the movements co-operation with suffrage groups overseas15 Why was the WSPU more successful than other su
39、ffrage groups?（A）Its leaders were much better educated.（B） It received funding from movements abroad.（C） It had access to new technology.（D）It had a clear purpose and direction.16 Choose TWO letters A-E and write them in box 16 on your answer sheet.In which TWO of the following years were laws passe
40、d allowing British women to vote?A 1906B 1909C 1914D 1918E 192816 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 17-19 on your answer sheet.Three ways in which the WSPU raised money:the newspapers: mainly through selling【R1
41、7】_merchandising activities: selling a large variety of goods produced in their【 R18】_additional fund-raising activities: for example,【R19】_17 【R17 】18 【R18 】19 【R19 】19 Do the following statements reflect the situation as described by the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 20-26 on your answer sh
42、eet writeYES if the statement reflects the situation as described by the writerNO if the statement contradicts the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to know what the situation is from the passageExample AnswerThe WSPU was founded in 1906 by Emmeline Pankhurst. NO20 In 190women in Australia were st
43、ill not allowed to vote.21 The main organs of communication for the WSPU were its two newspapers.22 The work of the WSPU was mainly confined to London and the south.23 The WSPUs newspapers were mainly devoted to society news and gossip.24 The Womans Exhibition in 190met with great opposition from Pa
44、rliament.25 The Museum of London exhibition includes some of the goods sold by the movement.26 The opponents of the suffragettes made films opposing the movement.27 Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 27 on your answer sheet.The writer of the article finds the exhibition to beA mis
45、leading.B exceptional.C disappointing.D informative.27 Measuring Organisational PerformanceThere is clear-cut evidence that, for a period of at least one year, supervision which increases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significant increases in production. However, such short-term i
46、ncreases are obtained only at a substantial and serious cost to the organisation.To what extent can a manager make an impressive earnings record over a short period of one to three years by exploiting the companys investment in the human organisation in his plant or division? To what extent will the
47、 quality of his organisation suffer if he does so? The following is a description of an important study conducted by the Institute for Social Research designed to answer these questions.The study covered 500 clerical employees in four parallel divisions. Each division was organised in exactly the sa
48、me way, used the same technology, did exactly the same kind of work, and had employees of comparable aptitudes.Productivity in all four of the divisions depended on the number of clerks involved. The work entailed the processing of accounts and generating of invoices. Although the volume of work was
49、 considerable, the nature of the business was such that it could only be processed as it came along. Consequently, the only way in which productivity could be increased was to change the size of the work group.The four divisions were assigned to two experimental programmes on a random basis. Each programme was assigned at random a division that had been historically high in productivity and a division that had been below average in productivity. No attempt was made to place a division in the programme that would best fit its ha
