1、职称英语(综合类)9 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.It took me a whole hour to (solve) the problem.（分数：-1.00）A.work atB.work onC.work outD.work over2.Navajo Indians create sand paintings by arranging grains of sand, ground-up minerals, and seeds of various colors into (designs).（分数：-1.00）A.mapsB.ritualsC.patte
2、rnsD.rows3.The project for developing local industries was (evaluated) for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution.（分数：-1.00）A.assessedB.comparedC.measuredD.weighed4.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was (contaminated).（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.dangerou
3、sC.divertedD.polluted5.The town is (famous) for its magnificent church towers.（分数：-1.00）A.knownB.contemporaryC.specializedD.specified6.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote to7.He had been (forced) to
4、give up much of his time to housework.（分数：-1.00）A.compelledB.demandedC.determinedD.required8.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation9.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.happened10.The initial appearance of
5、 the silver three-cent piece (coincided with) the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851 .（分数：-1.00）A.collided withB.was similar toC.was equipped withD.occurred at the same time11.The (first) talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.（分数：-1.00）A.primaryB.origin
6、alC.initialD.primitive12.(Subsequent) events proved the man to be right.（分数：-1.00）A.earlierB.laterC.previousD.recent13.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating14.A seismograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the
7、 ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument15.The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.slowB.noisyC.suddenD.jumpyInterferon For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is provin
8、g to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire
9、world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug
10、 is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so potent that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multi
11、plication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group
12、of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 perc
13、ent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.98）(1).Antibiotics
14、kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is that it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting viruses, bacteria, a
15、nd tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experiments with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were treated with interfero
16、n survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy cells to grow.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minu
17、tes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“
18、 courses have a “pacing“some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed i
19、f you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as y
20、ou possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central id
21、eas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading
22、 Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Your Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes o
23、r half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D
24、.Bathing In the Sea Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quite the light-hearted amusement that it is today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍) , no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to
25、be done in an orderly and extremely polite manner. Mixed bathing was not allowed anywhere. Men and women each had their separate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water. Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but
26、women were obliged to wear thick, cumbersome woolen garments that covered them completely from head to foot. These satisfied the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming. Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while
27、 in bathing attire(浴衣). They had to wait their turn for a bathing machine, a sort of wooden cabin on wheels which was drawn right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖) stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until sh
28、e was actually in the sea, There was a bathing woman in attendance, part of whose duty was to dip, in other words, to seize the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in t
29、he hands of the gentle. But most bathing women were the reverse of gentle, and to be dipped by them must have been a strenuous form of exercise. （分数：-1.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fles
30、hC.it made it easier to swimD.it covered them from head to foot(2).The bathing machine was used _.（分数：-0.20）A.so that the horses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the bather could hide from the seaC.so that the bather could swim in the seaD.so that the bather could be screened (掩蔽) until she w
31、as in the sea(3).A bathing-womans job was to_ .（分数：-0.20）A.attend to the bathing machineB.dip the attendantC.force the bather to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were_.（分数：-0.20）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.r
32、oughD.strenuous(5).A suitable title for this passage would be_.（分数：-0.20）A.Sea Bathing Through the AgesB.Bathing Clothes Through the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun BathingBiotechnology Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings
33、realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented(发酵) in wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt(酸乳酶) or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt(麦芽) and hops(啤酒花
34、) began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy(多乳的) bread rather than a firm, thin cracker they were acting as fledgling(缺乏经验的) biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost
35、 by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. What then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic (治疗的) drugs. Still others envisio
36、n (想象) the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious(有养分的) and naturally pest-resistant (有抵抗力的) to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits (引发) almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. In its purest form, the ter
37、m “biotechnology“ refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough(生面团) and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells to make cheeses and yogurts and
38、 as they bred their strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of these organisms and their cell
39、products gains us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms. Using the techniques of gene splicing(叠接) and recombine DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA can be taken from one organism
40、and placed into the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules cows can produce more milk or the same amount of feed, and we can synthesize the rapeutic molecules that have never before existed. （分数：-1.00）(1).The human beings began to
41、 use biotechnology_.（分数：-0.20）A.when they could walk on their feetB.before they could plant their own cropsC.after they realized that they could raise their own animalsD.as soon as scientists began their studies on biotechnology(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an applicati
42、on of biotechnology?（分数：-0.20）A.People made beer by fermenting solutions of malt and hops.B.Bakers used flour and sugar to make a firm, thin cracker which is delicious.C.Workers converted milk into cheese.D.Animal breeders mated appropriate pairs of animals to magnify their traits.(3).The term“ biot
43、echnology“ may bring different things to mind except_.（分数：-0.20）A.new types of animalsB.crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistantC.stronger and more productive offspring of animalsD.rapidly growing world population(4).The sentence “This question elicits.“(para. 2) means _.（分数：-0.20
44、）A.people have different responses to the question “ What is biotechnology“B.the question “What is biotechnology“ has been posed to many peopleC.responses to the question “What is biotechnology“ should be made on the spotD.only these who are asked the question “what is biotechnology“ can answer it(5
45、).Biotechnology enables us _.（分数：-0.20）A.to change the DNA of human beingsB.to produce more milk by increasing the number of cowsC.to increase the functions of various cells and organismsD.to find new human moleculesStress Level Tied to Education Level People with less education suffer fewer stressf
46、ul days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day facto
47、rs that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high
48、 school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have down
49、ward turns in their health.“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. “If something happens every day, maybe it
