1、职称英语卫生类 A级真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项（第 115题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg. （分数：1.00）A.controlB.easyC.experienceD.suffer2.Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded. （分数：1.00）A.offerB.provide
2、C.modernizeD.fund3.She moves from one (exotic) location to another. （分数：1.00）A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper4.Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again. （分数：1.00）A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract5.The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France. （分数：1.00）A.refreshedB.st
3、oredC.blockedD.erased6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. （分数：1.00）A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy7.Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality. （分数：1.00）A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan8. Her comments about men
4、 are (utterly) ridiculous completely. （分数：1.00）A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly9.The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. （分数：1.00）A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now10.We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling. （分数：1.00）A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11.Wh
5、en I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a (peep) look. （分数：1.00）A.chanceB.visitC.lookD.try12.He has been granted (asylum) in France. （分数：1.00）A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license13.He was (weary) of the constant battle between them. （分数：1.00）A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid14.Newb
6、orn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice. （分数：1.00）A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement. （分数：1.00）A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Mind-Body Connections Norman Cou
7、sins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldnt move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（强直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of sur
8、viving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse. Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for ones health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laught
9、er and see if that might improve his condition. He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing an
10、d thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and la
11、ughed until he felt better. Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally hi
12、s condition improved so much that he could go back to work. Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didnt believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions
13、 do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies. （分数：7.00）(1).Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.N
14、ot mentioned(2).Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3). Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousinss disease. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Cousins started watching movies because he was bored. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
15、 mentioned(5).Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7). When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第
16、三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症） 1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals betwee
17、n the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present. 2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and
18、the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most co
19、mmon form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent. 3 In the primary progres
20、sive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis. 4 The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the p
21、atients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible. 5 The cause of the disease is uncl
22、ear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children a
23、nd in elderly people. 23. Paragraph 1_ 24. Paragraph 2 _ 25. Paragraph 3_ 26. Paragraph 4_ A. The cause of MS B. The relapsing form of MS C. The treatment for MS D. The primary progressive form of MS E. The definition of MS F. The development of MS 27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells bet
24、ween the body and _ 28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by _ 29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having _ 30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than _ A. relatives of MS patients B. the elderly people C. the disease D. the prog
25、ressive form E. the brain F. life expectancy （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第四部分：阅读理解（第 3145题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one count
26、ry resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and t
27、hey did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gros
28、s Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the
29、king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）. GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in
30、a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educat
31、ed and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his
32、son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many
33、 countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles
34、of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. （分数：15.00）(1).Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? （分数：3.00）A.A president.B.A buddist preist.C.A general.D.A king.(2).A
35、part from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? （分数：3.00）A.To make its populaton grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs.(3).A country shows its progress with GNP by （分数：3.00）A.selling more produc
36、ts.B.spending more money.C.spending less money.D.providing more jobs.(4).According to GNH, people are happier if they （分数：3.00）A.have new tecnology.B.can change their religion.C.have a good, stable government.D.have more money.(5).Today, many countries are （分数：3.00）A.using the principles of GNH to m
37、easure their progress.B.woking together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.第二篇 Caffeine Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming ca
38、ffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤） skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet
39、radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宫内膜的) cancer - that is, canc
40、er of the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee
41、or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化） and liver cancer. While many of caffeines undesirable effects, such as elevated h
42、eart rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness an
43、d helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏头痛) and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines(抗组胺药). Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fat
44、igue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-
45、boosting sports drinks. People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimu
46、latory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in ones diet. （分数：15.00）(1).Drinking coffee o
47、r tea may help （分数：3.00）A.lower the incidence of being overweight.B.lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.C.increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.D.increase the incidence of liver cancer.(2).Caffeine is used to （分数：3.00）A.reduce high blood pressure.B.relieve headaches.C.cure liver c
48、ancer.D.treat skin cancer.(3).Some athletes use caffeine to （分数：3.00）A.improve their speed.B.increase their endurance.C.maintain their alertness.D.relax their muscles.(4). Caffeine withdrawal symptoms （分数：3.00）A.can become an ongoing problem.B.may last as long as a week.C.are weight loss and mental
49、disorder.D.are usually short-lived.(5).Drinking three cups of coffee a day （分数：3.00）A.may not be recommended by most doctors.B.is harmful to healthy people.C.will probably not cause problems.D.may benefit sensitive people.第三篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Thos
