1、职称英语卫生类 B 级真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I will not Utolerate/U that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. accept C. observe D. regulate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The law carries a Upenalty/U of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D.
2、obligation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.These products are Uinferior to/U those we bought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The organization was Ubold/U enough to face the press. A. pleased B. brave C. powerful D. sensible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The political
3、 situation in the region has Udeteriorated/U rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Most people find Urejection/U hard to accept. A. refusal B. excuse C. client D. destiny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Theyre Upetitioning/U for better facilities for the disabled on public tra
4、nsport. A. planning B. preparing C. looking D. requesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He said some Uharsh/U words about his brother. A. proper B. normal C. unkind D. unclear（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.I realized to my Uhorror/U that I had forgotten the present. A. fear B. limit C. power D. fool（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Ther
5、e was a Usimultaneous/U trial taking place in the next building. A. fair B. full C. public D. coexisting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He tried to Uassemble/U his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The doctors did not Ureveal/U the truth to him. A. hide B. handle C. establish D.
6、disclose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Prisoners were kept in the most Uappalling/U conditions. A. flexible B. reasonable C. terrible D. serious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We were attracted by the Ulure/U of quick money. A. amount B. tempt C. supply D. sum（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Shes extremely competent and Uindustrious/U
7、. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas, sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year, according to a recent research.
8、Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world, and contribute to excess body weight, which increases the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study, the researchers linked intake of sug
9、ar-sweetened beverages to 133,000 diabetes deaths, 44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths. Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries, rather than high-income countries.“In the U.S., our research shows
10、 that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,“ said Mr. Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions, Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths (38,000) related to the consumption of sug
11、ar-sweetened beverages in 2010. Japan, one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world, had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages, at about 10 deaths due to per million adults.“Because we were focused on deaths due to chron
12、ic diseases, our study focused on adults. Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,“ Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week
13、, from sugar-sweetened beverages, based on a 2,000-calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.（分数：7.00）(1).Sugar-sweetened sodas may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2
14、).Excess body weight increases the risk of developing diabetes. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages may link to high blood pressure. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).More deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in l
15、ow and middle-income countries. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Korea had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The study focused on the entire population. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not ment
16、ioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).It is advised that adults consume no more than 450 calories per week. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a d
17、angerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra L
18、eone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks li
19、ke SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specifi
20、c and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is
21、 devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every, organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more
22、severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infecti
23、ons. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Am I at risk of contracting the virus? B. Is the current outbreak the deadliest? C. How do I know if I have contracted the virus? D. What areas are currently affected? E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body? F. What caused the Ebola o
24、utbreak? Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. infected body fluids B. against the outbreak severity C. the mode of transmission D. the initial days of being infected E. three countries in West Africa F.
25、 within a wide range of days The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The Ebola virus transmits by contact with _.
26、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more t
27、o prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病).The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseasesthe leading causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States today, 7
28、of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.The causes are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing dise
29、ase by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices
30、.“Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said.The $15 million is designed
31、to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, c
32、linics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏试验) for
33、cervical cancer (宫颈癌), mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks.If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseas
34、es in the US? A. They account for 70% of all deaths. B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs. C. They often result in unhealthy lifestyles. D. They are largely preventable.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT _. A. better diet
35、 B. increased exercise C. less smoking D. more frequent hand washing（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean _. A. greater responsibility of the government B. less need for input into treatment C. higher costs of health care D. more lifestyl
36、e choices for people（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The purpose of the $15 million program is to _. A. promote disease prevention B. build more highways C. help poor communities D. wipe out chronic diseases（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly _. A. the death rates for all c
37、hronic diseases B. the kinds of cancer attacking people C. the incidence rate for cancer D. the death rate for cancer（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime
38、 activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only i
39、n the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wish
40、es. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freuds. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communi
41、cate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think
42、too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, migh
43、t dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show th
44、at the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern an
45、d traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldnt panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that
46、some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Sigmund Freud, dreams _. A. have no special meanings B. reflect peoples wishes C. have nothing to do with real life D. contain messages from God（分数：3.00）A
47、.B.C.D.(2).In Carl Jungs opinion, who is most likely to be a hero in his dream? A. A man who falls down from a tree. B. A man who has too high an opinion of himself. C. A man who thinks too little about himself. D. A man who is successful in real life.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true? A. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. B. Dreams can predict the future. C. Dreams didnt help one to understand oneself. D. In the past, people didnt believe that dreams involved emotions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “gender“ in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _
