1、职称英语综合类 C 级模拟 74 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.（分数：1.00）A.endedB.abandonedC.builtD.strengthen2.I seldom watch TV.（分数：1.00）A.rarelyB.frequentlyC.normallyD.occasionally3.The dentist has decided to take out the
2、girl“s bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.digB.drawC.pullD.extract4.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends6.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavo
3、rC.temptationD.consumption7.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect8.You look smart in the new suit.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.brave9.He hasn“t the funds to carry out his design.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.keepC.changeD.implement10.I was astonis
4、hed at the news of his escape.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amountedC.amazedD.approached11.It“s almost 5 o“clock,time to quit .（分数：1.00）A.increaseB.stopC.continueD.keep12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.（分数：1.00）A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried13.The weather is a constant subject of conversati
5、on in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.tideD.topic14.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.complet
6、ely二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government,
7、 it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great nat
8、ural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surro
9、unding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust“s “Country House Scheme“. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about
10、one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five h
11、undred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastli
12、ne, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and impor
13、tant organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultur
14、al heritage.（分数：7.00）(1).The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).British people“s dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been increasing.（分
15、数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Trust“s “Country House Scheme“ provides an easy access for the public to 150 old houses or so.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).A project which is
16、to fortify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not be approved by the National Trust.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The public may enter in a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food an
17、d beverage.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)English and English Community1. There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make
18、 up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊), a village, or a city
19、. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. 3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to th
20、e English speech community. For convenience (方便), we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on. 4. Learning a second lan
21、guage extends one“s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional (虚构的) lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides anoth
22、er means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Threat Posed by English B. Definition of a Speech Community C. Benefits of Learning a Second Language D. Advantages of Learning Chinese E. Two Groups
23、 of the English Speech Community F. A Widely Used Language（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of 1. A. a second language B. the same language C. the same speech community D. any other language E. n
24、ational boundaries F. a part of one“s heritage（分数：1.00）(6).The boundaries of a speech community may be different from 1 .（分数：1.00）(7).People who live in different places may belong to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Many people learn English as 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pool WatchSw
25、immers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company
26、has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard“s pager. In trials at a pool in
27、 Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this re
28、liably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around.“ says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its
29、field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position,the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer
30、and so the system follows its trajectory. To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software“s “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning.
31、 Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool“s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer“s location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially
32、opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools, and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works
33、 and can save lives,“ he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).AI means the same as（分数：3.00）A.an image.B.an idea.C.anyone in the water.D.artificial intelligence.(2).What is
34、 required of AI software to save a life?（分数：3.00）A.It must be able to swim.B.It must keep walking round the pool.C.It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D.It can save a life within a few months.(3).How does Poseidon save a life?（分数：3.00）A.He plunges into the pool.B.It alerts the lifeguar
35、d.C.He cries for help.D.It rushes to the pool.(4).Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He runs.B.He invented the clockwork radio.C.He was once an entertainer.D.He runs a company.(5).The word “considered“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“thou
36、ght“.B.“rated“.C.“regarded“.D.“believed“.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable. Can
37、building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists? Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to gro
38、und zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and searching for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged,
39、 but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage, “said M. Bruneau, Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to
40、 why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks.“ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate i
41、n startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used
42、 to be part of that building“, explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.“ The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing systems in one of the adjace
43、nt buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance.“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads i
44、n the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse“, said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.“ A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many
45、 buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer
46、these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.“（分数：15.00）(1).The question raised in the first paragraph is one _.（分数：3.00）A.that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB.that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC.that was never thought of before th
47、e terrorist attackD.that terrorists are eager to find a solution to(2).The project funded by the National Science Foundation _.（分数：3.00）A.was first proposed by some engineers at UBB.took about two days to completeC.was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD.was to find out why som
48、e buildings could survive the blasts(3).The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker _.（分数：3.00）A.was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB.was part of the World Trade CenterC.was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD.damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the
49、World Trade Center(4).A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that _.（分数：3.00）A.floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamagedB.some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC.simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD.floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris(5).What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant designB.blast engineering can borrow tec
