1、专业八级-(无听力 2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complet
2、e a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you .fill in is (are)
3、both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Critical Reading Towards Critical WritingCritical writing depends on critical reading. Doing careful critical reading of sources and U U 1 /U /Uthem critically c
4、an help you to write your own analysis of this subject. Critical Reading: What Is It?A. To read critically is to U U 2 /U /Uabout how a text is argued.B. The key: Dont read looking only or primarily for information. Do read looking for U U 3 /U /Uabout the subject matter. How Do We Read Looking for
5、Ways of Thinking?A. Determine the U U 4 /U /Uor purpose of the text.B. Make some judgments about context.C. Distinguish the kinds of U U 5 /U /Uthe text employs.D. Examine the U U 6 /U /Uthe text employs.E. Assess the U U 7 /U /Uof an argument. Some Practical TipsA. Critical reading occurs after som
6、e U U 8 /U /Uof reading.B. Highlighting a text or taking notes from it Teach yourself to highlight argument. Dont let yourself foreground and isolate facts and examples.C. Paying attention to context is a fundamental critical move.D. Use the U U 9 /U /U critically.E Critical reading skills are also
7、U U 10 /U /Uskills. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TW
8、O.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).What is the woman? A. A Newsweek Magazines reporter. B. A brainpower expert. C. A doctor. D. An associate prof
9、essor of Tufts University.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is INCORRECT? A. Active people are likely to get Alzheimers disease. B. Exercise can improve peoples body function. C. Exercise can help grow new nerve cells. D. Exercise can help people fight disease.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Accordin
10、g to the interview, more new nerve cells mean A. the brain is growing. B. the new nerve cells are connecting. C. the new nerve cells are weaved. D. peoples brain will function better.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the interview, which of the following in INCORRECT? A. Exercising in your 30s will
11、make a difference. B. Starting exercising earlier will be better. C. Exercising can also benefit children. D. Exercising in your 50s will not make a difference.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The first thing the people who gets a diagnosis of breast cancer should do is A. to go out and start exercising. B. to
12、see her doctor. C. to get a medical team. D. to make a research.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 6 and 7
13、 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. （分数：3.00）(1).What has U. S. intelligence found about the new online al Qaeda magazine? A. The author is an American citizen. B. It covers interviews with refug
14、ees. C. They set the server at North Carolina. D. It inspires young people to join al Qaeda.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The mission of Islamic Thinker Society is to A. spread Islamic belief to the western world. B. realize the dream of ideal Islamic society. C. fight against violent political movement. D.
15、be the relay station for Islamic soldiers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. Among all the humanitarian goods, which of the following is the most urgent for delivery
16、? A. Food. B. Medicine. C. Construction materials. D. Medical materials.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions, Now listen to the news. （分数：2.00）(1).What does Apple CEO offer as the so
17、lution to the iPhone 4s reception problem? A. Free cases for the phone. B. Refunds of the phone. C. Free bumpers for the phone. D. Free antenna for the phone.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the most serious case of the reception problems mentioned in the news? A. Interference. B. Weakened reception. C.
18、 Lower voices. D. Dropped calls.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)How exercise affects body weight is one of the more intriguing and vexing issues in physiology. Exercise burns calories, no one doubts that, and so it should, in theory, produce weight loss, a f
19、act that has prompted countless people to undertake exercise programs to shed pounds. Without significantly changing their diets, few succeed. “Anecdotally, all of us have been cornered by people claiming to have spent hours each week walking. running, stair-stepping, etc., and are displeased with t
20、he results on the scale or in the mirror, “wrote Barry Braun. an associate professor of kinesiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.But a growing body of science suggests that exercise does have an important role in weight loss. That role, however, is different from what many people ex
21、pect and probably wish. The newest science suggests that exercise alone will not make you thin, but it may determine whether you stay thin, if you can achieve that state. Until recently, the bodily mechanisms involved were mysterious. But scientists are slowly teasing out exercises impact on metabol
22、ism, appetite and body composition , though the consequences of exercise can vary. Womens bodies, for instance, seem to react differently than mens bodies to the metabolic effects of exercise. None of which is a reason to abandon exercise as a weight-loss tool. You just have to understand what exerc
23、ise can and cannot do.“In general, exercise by itself is pretty useless for weight loss, “says Eric Ravussin, an expert on weight loss. Its especially useless because people often end up consuming more calories when they exercise. The mathematics of weight loss is, in fact, quite simple, involving o
24、nly subtraction. “Take in fewer calories than you burn, put yourself in negative energy balance, lose weight, “says Braun, who has been studying exercise and weight loss for years. The deficit in calories can result from cutting back your food intake or from increasing your energy output the amount
25、of exercise you complete or both. When researchers affiliated with the Pennington center had volunteers reduce their energy balance for a study by either cutting their calorie intakes by 25 percent or increasing their daily exercise by 12.5 percent and cutting their calories by 12.5 percent, everyon
26、e involved lost weight. They all lost about the same amount of weight too about a pound a week. But in the exercising group, the dose of exercise required was nearly an hour a day of moderate-intensity activity. What the federal government currently recommends for weight loss is “a lot more than wha
27、t many people would be able or willing to do,“ Ravussin says.At the same time, as many people have found after starting a new exercise regimen, working out can have a significant effect on appetite. The mechanisms that control appetite and energy balance in the human body are elegantly calibrated. “
28、The body aims for homeostasis, “ Braun says. It likes to remain at whatever weight its used to. So even small changes in energy balance can produce rapid changes in certain hormones associated with appetite, particularly acylated ghrelin, which is known to increase the desire for food, as well as in
29、sulin and leptin, hormones that affect how the body burns fuel.The effects of exercise on the appetite and energy systems, however, are by no means consistent. In one study presented last year at the annual conference of the American College of Sports Medicine, when healthy young men ran for an hour
30、 and a half on a treadmill at a fairly high intensity, their blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin fell, and food held little appeal for the rest of that day. Exercise blunted their appetites. A study that Braun oversaw had a slightly different outcome. In it, 18 overweight men and women walked o
31、n treadmills in multiple sessions while either eating enough that day to replace the calories burned during exercise or not. Afterward, the men displayed little or no changes in their energy-regulating hormones or their appetites, much as in the other study. But the women uniformly had increased blo
32、od concentrations of acylated ghrelin and decreased concentrations of insulin after the sessions in which they had eaten less than they had burned. Their bodies were directing them to replace the lost calories. In physiological terms, the results “are consistent with the paradigm that mechanisms to
33、maintain body fat are more effective in women, “Braun and his colleagues wrote. In practical terms, the results are scientific proof that life is unfair. Female bodies, inspired almost certainly“ by a biological need to maintain energy stores for reproduction, “Braun says, fight hard to hold on to e
34、very ounce of fat. Exercise for many women increases the desire to eat.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the text that A. going on diet will definitely lead to weight loss. B. the theory of exercise burning calories is challenged. C. it is often disappointing to lose weight by doing exercise. D. most p
35、eople tend to spend hours walking, running, etc.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “teasing out“ in Paragraph 2 probably means succeeding in A. testing out something that is unknown. B. learning information that is hidden. C. making use of information that is hidden. D. putting effort into something th
36、at is unknown.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements may be CORRECT about exercise A. The more exercise you do, the more weight you will lose. B. The dose of exercise recommended now might be reduced. C. Moderate-intensity activities are the best exercise for dieters. D. Dieters shou
37、ld take various forms of exercise to lose weight.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _ can give you an appetite. A. increased blood concentrations of insulin B. decreased blood concentrations of insulin C. decreased blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin D. increased bloo
38、d concentrations of acylated ghrelin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is probably A. Exercise and Weight Loss. B. Weighing the Evidence on Exercise. C. Effect of Exercise on Men and Women. D. Calories, Exercise and Weight Loss.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The spectacu
39、lar collapse of so many big financial firms during the crisis of 2008 has provided new evidence for the belief that stockmarket capitalism is dangerously short-termist. After all, shareholders in publicly traded financial institutions cheered them on as they boosted their short-term profits and shar
40、e prices by taking risky bets with enormous amounts of borrowed money. Those bets, it turns out, did terrible damage in the longer term, to the firms and their shareholders as well as to the economy as a whole. Shareholders can no longer with a straight face cite the efficient-market hypothesis as e
41、vidence that rising share prices are always evidence of better prospects, rather than of an unsustainable bubble.If the stockmarket can get wildly out of whack in tile short run, companies and investors that base their decisions solely on passing movements in share prices should not be surprised if
42、they pay a penalty over the long term. But what can be done to encourage a longer-term perspective? One idea that is increasingly touted as a solution is to give those investors who keep hold of their shares for a decent length of time more say over the management of a company than mere interlopers
43、hoping to make a quick buck. Shareholders of longer tenure could get extra voting rights, say, or new ones could be barred from voting for a spell.An advisory committee in the Netherlands has proposed loyalty bonuses for long-term shareholders, such as increased dividends or additional voting rights
44、 after holding a share for four years. Likewise, Britains minister for financial services, Paul Myners, has suggested that short-term holders of shares should have inferior voting rights.The theory behind these proposals is that those who hold shares longer are more likely to behave like owners than
45、 those who trade frequently to bet on short-term movements in prices. Disenfranchising the punters would not only give investors an incentive to hang onto their shares for longer, the argument runs, but would also encourage those with voting rights to use them, as they would know their votes would b
46、e more likely to count in board elections and so forth.Would it work? Happily, an experiment in dual classes of shareholders has long been under way in France, where shares often gain double voting rights after being held for a specified period - usually two years, although sometimes as long as ten.
47、 A recent paper, “Disclosure and Minority Expropriation: A Study of French Listed Firms“, by Chiraz Ben Ali, an economist at the University of Paris Dauphine, found that the main impact of the dual-class structure was to increase the exploitation of minority shareholders (which tended to own the sha
48、res with weaker voting rights) by the controlling majority. Accounting practices, for example, tend to be much less transparent. Admittedly, Frances feeble safeguards for minority shareholders may be partly responsible for this result but at the very least that suggests that extra voting rights are no cure-all.Equally, there is some evidence, albeit not conc
