1、中石油职称英语真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)I1.German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the worlds ten-largest languages _ population. （分数：1.00）A.in place ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by way of2.Four score and seven years ago our fathers _ on this continent a new nation.（分数：1.00）A.b
2、rought outB.brought forthC.brought aboutD.brought up3.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.（分数：1.00）A.set upB.catch upC.shut upD.pull up4.There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not hot, and winters are brisk _ freezing. （分数：1.00）A.in spite ofB.o
3、ther thanC.rather thanD.regardless of5.After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there （分数：1.00）A.in turnB.for goodC.as usualD.at most6.Generous public funding of basic science would _ considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and securit
4、y. （分数：1.00）A.result fromB.lie inC.lead toD.figure out7.Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said.（分数：1.00）A.noticeB.warningC.observationD.attention8.Our company decided to _ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. （分数：1.00）A.destroyB.forb
5、iddenC.assumeD.cancel9.Well visit Australia next year _ we have enough money.（分数：1.00）A.providedB.unlessC.untilD.lest10.Scientists are _ about the formation of coal.（分数：1.00）A.confidentialB.conferC.confidentD.conform11.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of every citizen to
6、 freedom of choice in religion. （分数：1.00）A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably12.The Great Wall is a famous tourist _ , drawing millions of visitors every year.（分数：1.00）A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement13.Purchasing the new production line will be a _ deal for the corpo
7、ration.（分数：1.00）A.profitableB.tremendousC.forcefulD.favorite14.He felt a bit _ because her life seemed completely out of balance.（分数：1.00）A.depressedB.suppressC.thoughtfulD.weakness15.Some people wait for_ to come knocking. Some people sought it out.（分数：1.00）A.necessityB.opportunityC.realityD.probab
8、ility16.Some younger workers assume older workers cant keep _ with fast-changing technology and business pressures. （分数：1.00）A.paceB.stepC.progressD.touch17.If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for _ and forming a new plan of action. （分数：1.00）A.resultB.solutionsC.responseD.s
9、ettlement18.The lead pencil is the simplest, most _ and least expensive of all writing instruments. （分数：1.00）A.adaptableB.comfortableC.convenientD.standard19.Now insurance companies are near the top of the _ of the biggest business in the United States. （分数：1.00）A.chartB.formC.listD.table20.Sales-pr
10、omotion methods, to be effective, should be _ with local preference.（分数：1.00）A.consistentB.continuousC.considerateD.continualII21.The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and _ to keep his head clear.（分数：1.00）A.triedB.tryingC.being triedD.was tried22.Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he
11、 _ to see you.（分数：1.00）A.cameB.would comeC.had comeD.would have come23.With all the things she needed she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour. （分数：1.00）A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.to have bought24.I appreciated _ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago. （分数：1.0
12、0）A.having been givenB.having givenC.to have been givenD.to have given25.He has won the first place, _ is clear from the expressions on his face. （分数：1.00）A.thatB.asC.whatD.when26.Only later _ what a terrible thing had happened. （分数：1.00）A.they have realizedB.did they realizeC.they realizedD.they re
13、alize27._ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar. （分数：1.00）A.TrackedB.To trackC.Being trackedD.The tracking of28.I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has _ to take us all.（分数：1.00）A.very small a carB.too small a carC.a too small carD.such a small car29.He
14、 is taller than _ （分数：1.00）A.any other boy in the classB.any boy in the classC.all boys in the classD.you and me as well as the class30.Physics as well as other subjects _ a science. （分数：1.00）A.wasB.isC.areD.belong to31.“I always get confused about tipping in this country.“ “Usually you _ to leave 1
15、5 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi drivers expect 10 or 15 percent, too.“ （分数：1.00）A.oughtB.shouldC.mightD.can32._ millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way. （分数：1.00）A.It is estimated thatB.An estimate thatC.That is estimatedD.That the estimate33.As resident of Texas,
16、 Dennis _ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938. （分数：1.00）A.when electedB.electedC.who was electedD.was elected34.The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets _ they are able to make about twenty different sounds. （分数：1.00）A.will be keptB.are to be keptC.sh
17、all keepD.shall have kept35. Green _ have the power to make food from substances found in the air and soil. （分数：1.00）A.only plantsB.plants aloneC.the only plantsD.plants are alone36.China and America are separated by _（分数：1.00）A.Pacific OceanB.a Pacific OceanC.the Pacific OceanD.Pacific Oceans37. “I
18、 dont like your attitude.“ “I dont care _（分数：1.00）A.if or not you like itB.whether you like it or notC.do you like it or notD.you like it or not38._ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather.（分数：1.00）A.WhereB.HowC.WheneverD.While39.Many live in Hawaii, more than _ of whose people
19、 boast on Asian or Polynesian heritage. （分数：1.00）A.two-thirdsB.two-thirdC.second-thirdD.two-three40.It is the earths 40 mile deep crust with _ we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. （分数：1.00）A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whom三、III(总题数：5，分数：20.00)Scientists now believe that many, if not all, l
20、iving things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons. One of the most remarkable of natures living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with t
21、he overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crabs shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple respon
22、se by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crabs shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy. Yet another startling fact wa
23、s revealed: the crabs shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhy
24、thm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides. Birds also have built-in time
25、pieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day. But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to
26、indicate that the timing of remm flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the “clocks“ in migratory birds to undergo a kind of “winding“ in preparation for their spring remm and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock “ticks“
27、, certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will mn, and hence when the “alarm“ will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops-to be re-wound again the next fall. Scientist
28、s are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset, speeded up or slowed down-all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S. Department of Agricultures research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing
29、 or lessening the hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growth off and on like an electric switch. New knowledge about natures living clocks has practical applications. For man, too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with
30、 the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with the clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating way our bodies work. （分数：4.00）(1).Although scientists know that
31、the number of hours of daylight controls the actions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factor because（分数：1.00）A.the fiddler crabs shell reached the darkest color at the same time in Cape Cod, Massachusetts and its neighboring islandB.the fiddler crab continued to change colo
32、r in the darkC.plants will not grow without sunlightD.all of the above(2).From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur most spectacularly _ （分数：1.00）A.in the higher orders of living thingsB.in the lower orders of living thingsC.in birds and animalsD.in man(3).Scientists have lear
33、ned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmical activities of （分数：1.00）A.migrating birdsB.growing plantsC.body cellsD.fiddler crabs(4).This article is basically _（分数：1.00）A.informationalB.entertainingC.inspirationalD.controversialQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: There ar
34、e several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily liv
35、es. Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits: Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker is going to say. Or his subject couldnt interest you less. You mm off your earsand who knows what you
36、 may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subject may come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk? Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you, so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong. If you let the words enter y
37、our mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try. Memory Test Listening: S
38、ome people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try to memorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, rep
39、eating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later. Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speakers words on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking
40、. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary-and you may be surprised to find out how often it isnt if you concentrate fully on listening-try to jot down only a memory-jogging word or two. Or put the main ideas on paper a
41、fter the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later. Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that
42、a person who dresses or speaks like that cant have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? Its the old story: you cant judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out. So there are the forces-some within ourselves, some out
43、side-that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits. （分数：4.00）(1).The author suggests that it is a serious mistake（分数：1.00）A.to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond
44、youB.to stop listening when the speakers voice is not clearC.to look away from the speakerD.to do anything physical while listening(2).The author advises against（分数：1.00）A.taking notesB.trying to remember details rather than main ideasC.listening too intentlyD.reviewing the material after the speech
45、 is finished(3).Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from it that （分数：1.00）A.he should never choose a controversial topicB.he should speak as quickly as possibleC.humor is a necessary part of a good speechD.his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not a
46、ttract unfavorable attention(4).A person with several bad listening habits would be considered _ by Dr. Nichols （分数：1.00）A.hopelessB.normalC.a difficult caseD.lazyQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or p
47、etroleum-a dark, thick ooze from the earth-had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a proc
48、ess of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by Ei. Drake,
49、a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drakes Folly.“ But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold“ all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush
