1、专业八级-486 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)IntroductionLinguistics has both practical and philosophical motivations. So both the first and second editions of this text were directed toward students of many (1) . This third edition continues and
2、further develops this approach.We have aimed to dispel a number of myths about language and to discuss the various aspects of language from both an (2) and current point of view. Part one is “The Nature of Human Language. “ Then we discuss speech sounds or (3) and includes a passage on machines that
3、 “talk“ and “understand“.On phonology we demonstrate how sounds form (4) . Because of this, written forms of language are very late in the history of human language. Then we discuss other (5) aspects of language how words are formed; what words, phrases, and sentences mean; and how words are put tog
4、ether to form sentences. Morphology, semantics, syntax are very important in our discussion and take an important role.In “Social Aspects of Language, “ we consider language in (6) and how languages change over time. In “The (7) Aspects of Language, “we talk about child language, animal communicatio
5、n systems and brain (8) underlying language knowledge and use.Also, the (9) languages of the deaf are discussed in greater detail. The newest findings on whether chimpanzees and gorillas can learn language are presented. In every lesson the (10) underlying the diversity of phenomena observed in huma
6、n language are highlighted.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Why did Mr. Green have a terrible fuel bill last winter?（分数：1.00）A.Because his wife overheated the house.B.Because his mother overheated the house.C.Because his wi
7、fes mother overheated the house.D.Because he overheated the hous(2).In fact, people will feel very comfortable if the temperature in winter is（分数：1.00）A.70B.80C.75D.65(3).Whats the most popular heating system according to the engineer?（分数：1.00）A.Every room has a heater.B.The Central room has a heate
8、r.C.A heat chamber heats air and passes the warm air through ducts and openings into rooms.D.The rooms are installed with blowers or convection.(4).Whats the shortcoming of the small individual air conditioners?（分数：1.00）A.Its too cold for people to adapt themselves to the temperature.B.The temperatu
9、re of the rooms is uncomfortable.C.The temperature of the rooms is quite uneven.D.Its difficult to install them in the rooms.(5).Its important to have vapor seals on the warm side to _.（分数：1.00）A.avoid gas when the air coolsB.avoid mist when the air coolsC.avoid rapor when the air coolsD.avoid moist
10、ure when the air cools四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news from the BBC. At the end of the news item , you will be given l0 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Whats happening?（分数：1.00）A.A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed in
11、 its first flight.B.A booster rocket veered out of control and tumbled to the ground.C.A booster rocket was destroyed after it fulfilled the task.D.A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed after many flights.(2).Whats the commission of the X - 43A prototype?（分数：1.00）A.To revolutionize research and dev
12、elop speed.B.To revolutionize travel and shatter speed records.C.To revolutionize flight and explore outer space.D.To revolutionize exploration and increase experiencQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer ea
13、ch question. Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).Wahid wanted to fire _.（分数：1.00）A.a cabinet memberB.the national police chiefC.a lawmakerD.a Muslim scholar(2).Some senior legislators accused Wahid of _.（分数：1.00）A.violating the congress by embazzlementB.violating the constitution by hiring the chief
14、 without consulting congressC.violating the congress by firing the chief without consulting lawmakersD.violating the constitution by firing the chief without consulting parliament(3).When did Wahid claim to fire Bimantoro?（分数：1.00）A.On Friday.B.On Saturday.C.On Thursday.D.On Wednesday.五、PART READING
15、 COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I want to make use of this short gathering to make clear our working requirement. This is a big company, and all clerks should know how to produce good effects, of course, including me, manager-in-chief.Everyone here, I think, must know how to distinguish
16、the right from the wrong. But it is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situations. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential.St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the “rudder virtue“, the one that “steer“ the
17、others. Without it, we are like someone adrift, in a boat, tossed in this direction or that the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the “prudent“ person is one who never “rocks the boat“ and is especially careful to
18、avoid offending those who are in a position to advance their interests-or to thwart them.The word that actually comes closest to functioning as a synonym for prudence is “discernment“. The prudent person is one who can “size up“ a situation and decide, or discern, what is the wisest and most moral c
19、ourse of action to take.Accordingly, prudence doesnt answer the question, “What is the right thing in principle to do?“ Rather, “What is the right thing for me (or for us) to do in this situation?“The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others. (Reaching out to others for
20、 counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person. ) A judgement is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made.The exercise of prudence presupposes that the person knows the relevant moral principles, has a fund of experience from which to draw
21、, has the ability to make the best use of the experience, and has a capacity to learn from others (which means a capacity to listen attentively to what others are saying). The prudent person can also recognise the implications of a given situation and of a line of action to be taken under the circum
22、stances. The prudent person has the vision and foresight to anticipate obstacles and to plan to surmount them.In the final analysis, the prudent person has the ability to take every relevant factor and circumstance into account and then to make a moral decision in light of it all. So, I hope we can
23、try to be a prudent person and apply this virtue of prudence to our work, and do better and achieve more in our work.（分数：5.00）(1).The auther is _.（分数：1.00）A.talking about the importance of prudenceB.talking about the necessity of cautionC.talking about the significance of discernmentD.trying to info
24、rm of how to distinguish the right from the wrong(2).According to St Thomas Aquinas prudence is not _.（分数：1.00）A.the rudder virtueB.steering the othersC.the virtue without which people are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the currentD.the vi
25、rtue to rock the boat(3).In this passage which word can function as a synonym for “discernment“?（分数：1.00）A.Caution.B.Prudence.C.Cleverness.D.Perception.(4).What is one of the classic marks of a prudent person?（分数：1.00）A.Fully examining a situation.B.Seeking help from others.C.Reaching out to others
26、for counsel before acting.D.Making a judgement very slowly.(5).“size up“ in the talk means（分数：1.00）A.make a correct measure ofB.make a considered estimate ofC.make a beautiful design ofD.make a quick understanding of七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine - gir
27、t, lonely shores of Orrs Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum; vast old hemlocks of primeval growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss; while feathery larches, turned to br
28、illiant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the faintest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and sof
29、t swathing bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear- cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over-the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken
30、 lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again-each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal “tick - rock, tick - tock“ in the kitchen o
31、f the brown house on Orrs Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, such as settles down on a dwelling when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much ligh
32、t as could fall through a little heart - shaped hole in the window - shutter-for except on solemn visits, or prayer - meetings or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven o
33、n one side, and rows of old - fashioned splint - bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work - stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not
34、 be forgotten-a great sea - chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly it looked, yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed, it prove
35、d often when a deed of grace was to be done - when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing - smack was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans, - in all such cases, the opening of this sea - chest was an event of good omen t
36、o the bereaved; for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbors usually showed to Captain Pennels sea - chest.（分数：5.00）(1).The aut
37、hor describes Orrs Island in a(n) _ manner.（分数：1.00）A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague, uncertain(2).According to the passage, the “best room“ _.（分数：1.00）A.has its many windows boarded upB.has had the furniture removedC.is used onl
38、y on formal and ceremonious occasionsD.is the busiest room in the house(3).From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to people who _.（分数：1.00）A.never have guestsB.like modem appliancesC.are probably religiousD.dislike housework(4).The passage implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.f
39、ew people attended the funeralB.fishing is a secure vocationC.the island is densely populatedD.the house belonged to the deceased(5).From the description of Zephaniah we can tell that he _.（分数：1.00）A.was physically a very big manB.preferred the lonely life of a sailorC.always stayed at homeD.was fru
40、gal and saved a lot of money八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：3.00)James MichenerIn his long writing life, James Michener aimed to donate at least 90 percent of what he earned from his 43 novels. He seems to have more than made his goal; at his death, in October 1997, his assets were estimated at less than US $ 10
41、million. He had given away US $ 117 million.Michener makes a good example for other philanthropists, not just in how much he gave, but in his style of giving. The writer worked hard at doing good, following up his donations to see how the money was used. He gave to things for which he had a passion,
42、 and he had a lot of fun in doing so.Michener was 90, when he died. He was on Fortune magazines list of Americas top 25 philanthropists - the only writer in a crowd of tycoons. Asked, shortly before his death, whether he ever wished he had his millions back, he said sure, so that he should have the
43、pleasure of giving them away again.Too often, says Nelson Aldrich, editor of The American Benefactor, a magazine about philanthropists, the rich give without much imagination. “They give to the college they went to, and the hospital where theyll die, “ Aldrich says. “And most of the rich are stingy
44、;few give even as much as 10 percent, the traditional title. They hold on to the myth of not dipoing into capital. “Michener did, in fact, give to his college - US $ 7.2 million to Swarthmore, in Pennsylvania. He called it a repayment for the US $ 2, 000 basketball scholarship they gave him in 1925.
45、 As he wrote to the college president in 1969, “Coming as I did from a family with no income at all, and with no prospects whatever, college was the narrow door that led from darkness into light. “His will leaves almost everything to Swarthmore, including future royalties from his books. Michener al
46、ways described himself as a founding, born in New York City and raised by Mabel Michener, a Quaker widow, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. She lived, he said, by taking in other peoples children and other peoples laundry. For his last 15 years, Michener lived modestly in Austin, Texas, where he has move
47、d to write the 1, 000 - page saga Texas. Each of his big best sellers, including Texas, Hawaii and Covenant made about US $ 5million. And there were 20 of them. Whats more, he still collected royalties from the musical and movie South Pacific, which was inspired by his first book, Tales of the South
48、 Pacific, written when he was 40.Frail from kidney disease in his last years, Michener was pretty much confined to a reclining chair in a small study, simply decorated. There were few personal possessions besides some photos of himself and his last wife, and as unframed faded poster of Tahiti.A sour
49、ce of pleasure and company in those years was the Texas Centre for Writers. His largest gift, totalling US $ 64.2 million, went to the University of Texas, with US $ 18 million going to found and support the writers centre. He got a lot back, he said-“ You meet bright people, you can consult with anybody there, and there are 23 libraries on c
