1、专业八级-506 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：8，分数：100.00)Sometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another technol
2、ogy is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism. Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile communicati
3、ons at the moment are to do with technology or regulationbandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahead, and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, far more nume
4、rous Wi-Fi “hotspots“ and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they don“t need offices after all (if you need to recharge some
5、thing, you just go to Starbucks); teenagers text-dumping their boyfriends. Everybody is doing more on the move. Ancient nomads went from place to placeand they had to take a lot of stuff with them (including their livelihoods and families). The emerging class of digital nomads also wanders, but they
6、 take virtually nothing with them; wherever they go, they can easily reach people and information. And the barriers to entry are falling. You don“t have to be rich to be a nomad (wander round any American college campus if you doubt that). It is getting harder to find good excuses for being offline:
7、 this week the European Union allowed airlines to offer in-flight mobile-phone service, and several carders have Wi-Fi. The gadgets, too, are getting ever smaller and more portable. A century ago some people saw the car merely as a faster horse, yet it led to entirely new cities, with suburbs and sp
8、rawl, to new retail cultures (megastores, drive-throughs), new dependencies (oil) and new health threats (sloth, obesity). By the same token, wireless technology is surely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up again, wit
9、h more people working in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. are giving way to more varied “daisy-chain“ patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the office, home and all sorts of other places throug
10、hout the day. Already, architects are redesigning offices and universities: more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary work. Will it be a better life? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge workers from the cubicle prisons of Dilber
11、t cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of time, as nomads who are “always on“ all too often end upmentallyanywhere but here (wherever here may be). As for friends and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might bring you much cl
12、oser to family and friends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. It might isolate cliques. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connections to casual acquaintances or strangers who may be sitting next to them in the caf or on the bus. As for politics
13、, the tools of nomadismsuch as mobile phones that double as camerascan improve the word. For instance, they turn practically everybody into a potential human-rights activist, ready to take pictures or video of police brutality. But the same tools have a dark side, turning everybody into a fully equi
14、pped paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest patrons find themselves pictured, flabby and sweaty, on some website that future Google searches will happily turn up. As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new free
15、dom, but it also threatens the hell of constant surveillance by the tribe.（分数：9.00）(1).Wireless communications are believed to be all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.one of the biggest changes in societyB.just another technologyC.developing even faster in the futureD.bringing about great social
16、 effects(2).Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Digital nomadism free knowledgeable workers from the tyranny of place.B.It is feared that digital nomadism may weaken people“s social connections.C.The tool of digital nomadism has absolutely improved the political w
17、orld.D.Digital nomadism has already brought worries about privacy intrusion.(3).The author“s attitude towards digital nomadism is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.neutralC.negativeD.impossible to tellAnxious about meeting a key hiring manager? Your job-search jitters may soon intensify when you confront the u
18、ltimate stress test: a panel of interviewers. Group grilling has long been popular among academics, government agencies and nonprofit organizationssectors that prefer decisions by a consensus of constituencies. As the job market becomes more competitive for people at every level, this practice is sp
19、reading to law firms, management consultancies and high-tech businesses. Employers, who now have the luxury of being picky with candidates, see selection committees as an efficient way to measure applicants“ mettle under fire. Some prospects get no warning before they face several screeners simultan
20、eously. “The first time you have one of these interviews, it will throw you off a little bit,“ cautions Scott Erker, a senior vice president for Development Dimensions International, a leadership consulting firm in Pittsburgh. Until five years ago, DDI itself rarely used panel interviews for senior
21、promotionsbut does so about half the time today, Dr. Erker says. He thinks the approach identifies people who work well in a group setting, a critical skill at a business that “demands team collaboration“. He won a promotion in 2004 after passing muster with a panel. “You have multiple sets of eyes
22、and questions coming from different perspectives,“ he remembers. With advance notice and extra preparation, you can impress these extra interviewers. It“s a good idea to get the names, titles and pecking order of panel members. Do this by asking current and former staffers, and checking the Internet
23、. From your sources, try to get a sense of your session“s likely length, number of questions and key issues. You can then assemble a “cheat sheet“ of interviewers, draft replies for their possible questions and look relaxed during the meeting. A man vying for a vice presidency at a financial-service
24、s concern last year did a thorough Internet search about its four-member screening committee. He learned one member wrote a newspaper column about martial arts. He broke the ice at his interview by declaring that he was going to “break a stack of boards over his head in the executive“s honor,“ recal
25、ls Sanjay Sathe, a friend and head of RiseSmart, an online job-search service for senior professionals and managers. “It showed the committee that this candidate had done his homework.“ The man was named one of two finalists for the job, though he ultimately didn“t get it. An executive recruiter mig
26、ht have offered him additional insightsas Gwen L. Feder recently did. The partner-placement director for PeterSan Group, a New York legal search firm, counseled a prospect before his joint interview with three law-firm partners she knows well. She described each partner“s interaction with colleagues
27、 and their expectations of lieutenants. The candidate “made a great impression“ and remains in the running, she recalls. To defuse the stiff formality that tends to come with panel interviews, “show how friendly and important you are,“ recommends Ruth Haag, a management consultant and CEO of Haag En
28、vironmental, a hazardous-waste cleanup business in Sandusky, Ohio. “Shake everybody“s hand. Look everybody in the eye. And sell yourself really hard.“ You should intersperse colorful anecdotes about your experience with perceptive queries about the vacancy. The tactic “puts you on conversational ter
29、ms with your interviewers, and also gives you a much-needed breather between the questions thrown your way,“ Mr. Sathe suggests. Sit where you can maintain eye contact throughout the room without stating toward a bright window. Otherwise, “you will be squinting and will look angry,“ notes Marilyn Ma
30、chlowitz, a New York recruiter. You also should closely monitor the group dynamics. How screeners introduce themselves, their initial banter and the seating arrangement speak volumes about who wields the most clout. Body language offers further clues. M.B.A. student Kara Dyer landed a 2006 summer in
31、ternship in the Chicago office of management consultancy ZS Associates after a panel interview. Three senior officials grilled her about a hypothetical thorny problem for a corporate client. One manager never smiled, said little and sat “with his arms crossed,“ she remembers. “I took extra care answ
32、ering his questions and looked at him a little more“ than the rest. Ms. Dyer was ready for that screener“s tough queries. She had practiced case-study presentations before groups of fellow students at MIT“s Sloan School of Management. She says the rehearsals made her less nervous during the intervie
33、w. She joined the Evanston, Ill., firm full time last year.（分数：9.00）(1).The word “concern“ in the 7th paragraph means _.（分数：3.00）A.companyB.worryC.interestD.regard(2).Paragraphs 11 and 12 imply that _.（分数：3.00）A.panel interviews are usually informalB.proper relaxation helps in panel interviewsC.anec
34、dotes are the key to a successful panel interviewD.relaxation is the key to a successful panel interview(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important for a successful panel interview?（分数：3.00）A.Sufficient prior preparation.B.Friendliness and politeness.C.Attention to body language.D.Eye c
35、ontact with one interviewer.Scientists say Chandra provides first evidence that two mysteries can coexist in one galaxy. In a very bright galaxy 400 million light-years away, two black holes are drifting toward each other and in millions of years will merge with an eruption of energy and a burst of
36、gravitational waves that could warp the very fabric of space, astronomers said Tuesday. The Scientists said the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found the first evidence that two immense black holes can coexist in the same galaxy and that they are moving toward each other for an eventual merger. The do
37、uble black holes were found in a bright, highly active galaxy known as NGC6240, about 400 million light-years from the Earth. Astronomers studied NGC6240 because it produced unexplained bursts of X-rays that appeared to come from one of two nuclei at the galactic center. Images collected by radio, i
38、nfrared and optical observations showed two bright spots, but did not pinpoint the origin of the X-rays. When Chandra, with its sensitive X-ray detectors, focused on the nuclei, astronomers hoped it would tell them whether either of the two points of activity were black holes. “Much to our surprise,
39、 we found that both were active black holes,“ Stefanie Komossa of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, said in a statement. “Finding two black holes in one galaxy,“ said Komossa, “supports the idea that black holes can grow to enormous masses in the centers of galaxies by merging with other black ho
40、les.“ An artist“s conception shows two black holes whirling around each other at the center of a galaxy. Guenther Hasinger, also of Max Planck, said the Chandra images captured the unmistakable markings of two black holeshigh-energy photons swirling around the dense black hole centers and X-rays spe
41、wing out from iron atoms being pulled into the center at a high rate of speed. Komossa and Hasinger are co-authors of a study submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. The two black holes in NGC6240 are now about 3,000 light-years apart and are expected to merge some time in th
42、e next few hundred million years, the researchers said. The merger will be accompanied by an eruption of radiation and a burst of gravitational waves that will spread throughout the universe, causing ripples in the fabric of space, the astronomers said. The gravitational tipples could cause minute c
43、hanges in the distance between any two points in the universe, they said. In another study, French and Argentine astronomers said that observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes have detected a stellar black hole streaking across the Milky Way at about 250,000 miles an ho
44、ur. A companion star is being dragged along and slowly devoured by the black hole, according to scientists at the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics in Argentina. The astronomers said the stellar black hole may have been created by an exploding star in
45、the inner disk of the Milky Way. The black hole is 6,000 to 9,000 light years away, the researchers said. A report on the observations appears Tuesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. A black hole is a point in space that is so dense with matter that its gravitational field will not let an
46、ythingnot even lightescape. Stellar black holes, equal to 3.5 to about 15 solar masses, can be formed by the collapse of a single massive star. But galactic black holes, such as those in NGC6240, are much larger, equal perhaps to millions of solar masses, and are usually at the center of galaxies. T
47、he Milky Way, home galaxy of the sun and its planets, is thought to have a black hole at its center. With its immense gravitational pull, a black hole can suck in gas, dust and other matter from the surrounding space. Entire stars can be stripped and pulled into the bottomless maw. As it spirals in
48、at near light speeds, matter captured by a black hole heats by millions of degrees and gives out intense radiation in several parts of the spectrum, including X-rays. The orbiting Chandra observatory is able to detect these X-rays and relay the data to Earth for study by astronomers.（分数：12.00）(1).Ac
49、cording to the passage, NGC6240 _.（分数：3.00）A.is a black hole 400 million light-years from the EarthB.has two black holes coexisting and moving towards each otherC.consists of two black holes that are already merging with each otherD.is the home galaxy of the solar system with the sun and its planets(2).The discovery of the double black holes has _.（分数：3.00）A.been previously anticipatedB.been theoretically unexplainableC.supported some hypothesisD.uncovered an unknown galaxy(3).According to the study done by Komossa and Hasinger, _.（分数：3.00）A.the
