1、专业八级模拟600及答案解析 (总分：206.60，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageThe efforts spent in high school learning a foreign language were almost futile. Fortunately, for freshmen students, it is possible to learn a foreign
2、 language fast without traveling to the destination where that particular language is spoken. . Problem of Formal Language Class Insistent mix of conversation, grammar and 1 Analogy: trying to lose weight and then put on muscle . Requirement for the Method to Be Outlined Time: at least 2 of studying
3、 per day Materials: a notebook, 3 , and an mp3 player . Four Steps of Learning Language The order of these four steps should 4 Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation In terms of brain reaction, the pronunciation comes before the 5 Use 6 for audio files of alphabet Listen with a headphone to spot the 7 o
4、f the speech Take one week to 8 yourseff with the sounds Step 2: Vocabulary Learn the 9 Get a word list from Google or pick the words from a dictionary Memorize the words 10 Work on 50-100 words a day for about 11 Step 3: Grammar Search for grammar 12 Study the basics: conjugations, 13 and exception
5、s to the basic rule Study for 1 or 2 hours a day for about one month Step 4: Reading and Listening Search for short stories, 14 or novels Translate these stories into your own language Download podcasts, movies, and TV shows and watch on-line videos 15 what they are saying Practice pronouncing words
6、 like natives （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：25.00)（分数：5.00）A.Six hours.B.Eight hours.C.Ten hours.D.Twelve hours.A.He slept in a prison in Devon.B.He was nearly killed in Germany.C.He was dragged into the center of the Middle East war.D.He took a train on which he was threatened by a murde
7、rer.A.Travel.B.Broadcasting.C.Singing.D.Writing.A.Through the money earned from his job.B.Through the money given by his parents.C.Through the money borrowed from his friends.D.Through the sponsorship by a travel agency.A.Teaching English for children.B.Singing and giving concerts during the trip.C.
8、Working in the restaurants.D.Broadcasting for the natives.（分数：20.00）A.Because it is rude to do so.B.Because it may cause trouble.C.Because it is inconsiderate to do so.D.Because their conversation style may not reflect their personalities.A.It may help enhance ones awareness of cultural differences.
9、B.It may help one gain a command of language use.C.It may help one improve his speaking skills.D.It may help one get along well with his fellow students.A.To show that students have to do a lot of project work.B.To show that the basketball style is not always apparent.C.To show that it is difficult
10、for students to take notes.D.To show MBA classes are mostly teacher-led classes.A.They tend to be more goal-oriented.B.There is likely to be more work.C.They tend to be more dynamic in conversation.D.Teachers may lose control of the class.A.To make sure the letter is T instead of D.B.To tell the phy
11、sician he needs a table.C.To indicate the physician is like a table.D.To make fun of the physician.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：100.00)Section A In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested ans
12、wers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One The United States produced more crude oil in October than it imported for the first time since early 1995, as domestic shale oil output continued to surge and U. S. cons
13、umption of petroleum products remained relatively flat, the Energy Information Administration said on Wednesday. The figures mark a milestone in the rebound of U. S. oil production since drillers started using a combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to unlock oil previously tra
14、pped in layers of shale rock in states such as North Dakota and Texas. At the same time, gains in automobile fuel efficiency and other areas have been curbing U. S. oil consumption. The trend is expected to continue for another decade as U.S. domestic oil supplies grow and reliance on imports shrink
15、s, easing one of the main sources of pressure on global oil markets. For now, however, the United States remains the worlds biggest oil-consuming nation and the largest importer of crude oil. Moreover, global crude oil prices remain high by historic measures. U. S. crude oil production reached 7.74
16、million barrels a day in October, down slightly from September because of disruptions from Tropical Storm Karen, but up 17 percent from the year before. Aside from September, U. S. production in October was the highest level of any month since May 1989. Net crude oil imports in October fell to 7.57
17、million barrels a day, down from 7.92 million barrels in September and down 8 percent from the year before. The White House sought to take credit for the figures. It issued a statement calling them a result of both increased production and administration policies like increased fuel economy standard
18、s that cut oil consumption, cut carbon pollution, and cut consumer bills. Economists welcomed the figures. It highlights the reversal of fortune in our energy sector, that we are increasingly energy independent and prospects are good that well be more energy independent going forward, said Mark M. Z
19、andi, chief economist of Moodys Analytics. Its one of the reasons to be optimistic about our growth prospects. Zandi added that rising domestic oil production means a smaller trade and current account deficit, which is a big plus for the economy. Well be less sensitive to increases in global oil pri
20、ces. According to figures compiled by Zandi, the oil import bill as a percentage of the gross domestic product in the third quarter of this year was lower than any quarter since 1986. The firm estimates that shale oil output will result in an $ 80 billion reduction in imports this year. Frank Verras
21、tro, senior vice president and energy expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said the milestone was important, although he warned that higher costs, geological variations and constrained exploration budgets at many independent drillers could make it a challenge to meet expecta
22、tions for future crude oil output growth. The turnaround in U. S. oil fortunes has been rapid. Five years ago, U. S. oil production hit a 62-year low. Since then, domestic production has increased by more than 50 percent. Prices remain high. This is the third consecutive year in which the price has
23、hovered above $ 105 a barrel for crude oil produced by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. The U. S. benchmark for crude oil, West Texas Intermediate, has tumbled to about $ 95 a barrel, down from $ 110 a barrel in September, but that is still high by historic standards. Some oil
24、analysts note that prices would be even higher without the increase in U. S. production, which has helped offset oil disruptions in Libya, Iraq and Nigeria and sanctions on Iran. (此文选自 The Washington Post)Passage Two Imagine taking a university exam in your own home, under the watchful eye of a webc
25、am or with software profiling your keystrokes or your syntax to see whether it really is you answering the questions. Online university courses have become the Next Big Thing for higher education, particularly in the United States, where millions of students have signed up for courses from some of t
26、he most upmarket universities. With spiralling costs and student loan debts crossing the trillion dollar barrier this year, the online university has been seen as a way of reaching many more people for much less money. But a major stumbling block has been how such digital courses are assessed. When
27、students are at home how do you know whether they are cheating? How do you know the identity of the person answering the questions? For the online courses to gain value, they need a credible way of assessing students and an important part of that is preventing fraud. The Open University in the U. K.
28、 has been a pioneer of distance learning. Its a common problem across the sectorhow do you know that the individual taking the exam is the right person? says Peter Taylor, chair of the Open Universitys academic conduct group. The students computer would be locked down so that it cant use other mater
29、ials. If youve got an appropriate webcamthat can provide you with effective invigilation. says Prof. Taylor. This still raises the question about how you know who is sitting the exam. There are various ways you can identify a person, says Prof. Taylor. One system we looked at meant that you had to t
30、ype in a particular phraseand the rate and the particular way you type is effectively a signature of the individual. These are not distant-horizon ideasProf. Taylor says he would expect such technology to be in place within the next five years. He also says that there is no reason to think more peop
31、le would necessarily cheat online. EdX, an online university project set up earlier this year by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, wants to make more use of the exam hall rather than less. Students taking edX online courses will be able to sit their final exams in an internation
32、al network of test centres, run by Pearson Vue. These will be formally supervised on-screen exams, using the edX website, and those who pass will receive a proctored certificate, showing it has been achieved in an invigilated setting. Such online testing techniques are going to have an impact on the
33、 traditional university course too, he says. But this volume of testing depends on automated markingand will mean a limit on the range of subjects and type of questions that can be examined. A computer is going to struggle to mark an essay on irony. Thats the challenge for another of the most signif
34、icant online course providers, Coursera, set up by Stanford academics and backed by Silicon Valley investors. It has attracted students remarkably quickly1.6 million have signed up in the first year, taking courses from more than 30 top universities. When the University of Londons international sect
35、ion joined last month, 9,000 students signed up in the first 24 hours. But how can such large numbers of candidates be reliably marked? Courseras co-founder Daphne Koller says trying to find a way to assess so many students is part of the learning process. She says automatic marking can generate a s
36、core or a grade, but students want human feedback. And there isnt any technology that can judge whether an essay has really connected with a question. The Open Universitys Prof. Taylor says their own experiments have shown that any software for assessing free-text answers requires a large amount of
37、human intervention. Coursera has been experimenting with peer assessment, where students grade each others work, following guidelines set by the teacher. This allows for the marking capacity to grow with the class sizebut it also depends on the reliability of fellow students. These online courses ar
38、e also being discussed onlineand blogs from students refer to disagreements over marking. Martin Bean, vice chancellor of the Open University, said. There is no doubt that this is the web moment for higher education and a battle is shaping up for growing student numbers on global courses online. How
39、ever this is a battle which will be about brands and the market ability of the providers but also, crucially, about quality of teaching and credibility. (此文选自 BBC)Passage Three Sixty-three years old and retired from a career as a welder, Jim Crawford doesnt have much use for the Internet. The only t
40、ime he goes online is to read through the automotive listings in the office of a local online auction company. If he sees something he likes, he says, he asks his mechanic to bid on it for him. Crawford is far from alone: About 15 percent of Americans older than 18 dont use the Internet, according t
41、o a study released in September by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. An additional 9 percent use it only outside the home. They make up a shrinking, but not insignificant, segment of the population. And the gap between them and our increasingly digitized society is growing wider every day. T
42、here is a group of Americans being left behind as technology advances without them, Lawrence E. Strickling, head of the Commerce Departments National Telecommunications and Information Administration, told an audience at the Brookings Institution recently. These people are being left out even as acc
43、ess to broadbandInternet service provided by cable, fiber, DSL and other high-speed networks, as opposed to the older, slower dial-up servicehas expanded dramatically in the past 20 years. Because of a national infrastructure upgrade that Strickling compares to the rural electrification effort of th
44、e 1930s, well over 90 percent of U. S. households are either wired for high-speed broadband or can get high-speed wireless access. But actual adoption of that service lags behind availability: As of October 2012, the NTIA found that 72.9 percent of homes used broadband Internet service. Thats remark
45、able growth from 2000, when only 4 percent of homes used broadband, but it still indicates a significant gap. So who are these Americans who remain disconnected from the online world? They are disproportionately older, says Kathryn Zickuhr, who wrote the Pew study. According to the survey, which was
46、 done in May, 49 percent of non-Internet users are older than 65. They also are, in general, less educated. Although nearly everyone in the United States with a college degree is online, 41 percent of adults without a high school diploma are offline. The Pew survey asked these people why they dont g
47、o online. Perhaps surprisingly, cost wasnt the most common answer. The most prevalent reason, given by 34 percent of offline respondents, was that the Internet is not relevant to them. A slightly smaller group, 32 percent, cited problems with using the technology: They said that getting online was d
48、ifficult or frustrating, or that they were worried about issues such as privacy or hackers. Nineteen percent of non-users cited concerns about the expense of owning a computer or paying for an Internet connection. Most policymakers would disagree with that sense of irrelevance. They point out that people who arent online have a harder time accessing vital services such as Medicare and Medicaid or the new health-care exchanges created under President Obamas health-care law. They cant perform useful daily functions that most Am
