1、专业八级模拟615及答案解析 (总分：220.10，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)English as a Global Language. English is a global language Its widely used in economic, political, and scientific fields, and in 1 English as a global language is bad news for 2 - Writers wil
2、l write in English to reach a(n) 3 . The positive impacts of English as a global language In 4 area: a medium of communication In 5 : a language commonly used in lecture-rooms or lecture-conferences In English Language Teaching: English-speaking countries 6 from the spread of English . The negative
3、impacts of English as a global language Inequality in language and 7 - e.g.: classroom a. Students who dont speak fluent English tend to be 8 b. Students who speak fluent English tend to 9 Social inequality - International conference: English speaking people are usually 10 Linguistic power - Native
4、English speakers will be more 11 than non-native English speakers - Native speakers have a(n) 12 Linguistic 13 - English speakers are less 14 to learn other languages and cultures Linguistic death - The existence of a global language may lead to 15 and the death of other languages （分数：30.00）三、SECTIO
5、N B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：32.50)（分数：20.00）A.It is to compare the different facilities that hotel chains provide.B.It is to compare some hotel chains in different aspects.C.It is to introduce some hotel chains with workout offerings.D.It is to introduce workout offering provided in some hotel chains.A.D
6、elicious food.B.Comfortable accommodation.C.A great lobby.D.Fitness offerings.A.Fairmont.B.Candlewood Suites.C.Hyatt.D.Hilton.A.Gym service available all day long.B.Free yoga courses.C.Yoga mats and balls.D.GPS monitor.A.Guests will be given a card with yoga breathing techniques.B.Guests have many b
7、edtime yoga videos to watch in room.C.The bedtime yoga workout is provided for guests without charge.D.It will take guests over one hour to get yoga equipment in room.（分数：12.50）A.Because they already understood what it means to be a baby for blood parents.B.Because they have developed a subconscious
8、ness about blood relation.C.Because they have already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others.D.Because they have already obtained an awareness of social relations.A.It is a period when a child is most vulnerable to mental and physical damage.B.It is a period when a child is most clos
9、ely attached to his mother.C.It is a period when a child develops his core concept of self.D.It is a period when a child develops his cognitive abilities.A.It varies with the age of the child.B.It depends on the adoptive family.C.It can be influenced by a foster mother.D.It would be the basis of sta
10、ble independence.A.Worry about his parents being injured in a car wreck.B.Be unable to play with his peers.C.Not develop motor skills at appropriate ages.D.Have an irrational fear of spiders.A.He is prone to a pathological anxiety.B.He is likely to suffer from psychological trauma.C.The strong attac
11、hment for him can never pass away.D.Separation anxiety for him can be seen as a sign of healthy personality.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：100.00)Section A In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four sugg
12、ested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One The United States produced more crude oil in October than it imported for the first time since early 1995, as domestic shale oil output continued to surge and U
13、. S. consumption of petroleum products remained relatively flat, the Energy Information Administration said on Wednesday. The figures mark a milestone in the rebound of U. S. oil production since drillers started using a combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to unlock oil previ
14、ously trapped in layers of shale rock in states such as North Dakota and Texas. At the same time, gains in automobile fuel efficiency and other areas have been curbing U. S. oil consumption. The trend is expected to continue for another decade as U.S. domestic oil supplies grow and reliance on impor
15、ts shrinks, easing one of the main sources of pressure on global oil markets. For now, however, the United States remains the worlds biggest oil-consuming nation and the largest importer of crude oil. Moreover, global crude oil prices remain high by historic measures. U. S. crude oil production reac
16、hed 7.74 million barrels a day in October, down slightly from September because of disruptions from Tropical Storm Karen, but up 17 percent from the year before. Aside from September, U. S. production in October was the highest level of any month since May 1989. Net crude oil imports in October fell
17、 to 7.57 million barrels a day, down from 7.92 million barrels in September and down 8 percent from the year before. The White House sought to take credit for the figures. It issued a statement calling them a result of both increased production and administration policies like increased fuel economy
18、 standards that cut oil consumption, cut carbon pollution, and cut consumer bills. Economists welcomed the figures. It highlights the reversal of fortune in our energy sector, that we are increasingly energy independent and prospects are good that well be more energy independent going forward, said
19、Mark M. Zandi, chief economist of Moodys Analytics. Its one of the reasons to be optimistic about our growth prospects. Zandi added that rising domestic oil production means a smaller trade and current account deficit, which is a big plus for the economy. Well be less sensitive to increases in globa
20、l oil prices. According to figures compiled by Zandi, the oil import bill as a percentage of the gross domestic product in the third quarter of this year was lower than any quarter since 1986. The firm estimates that shale oil output will result in an $ 80 billion reduction in imports this year. Fra
21、nk Verrastro, senior vice president and energy expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said the milestone was important, although he warned that higher costs, geological variations and constrained exploration budgets at many independent drillers could make it a challenge to mee
22、t expectations for future crude oil output growth. The turnaround in U. S. oil fortunes has been rapid. Five years ago, U. S. oil production hit a 62-year low. Since then, domestic production has increased by more than 50 percent. Prices remain high. This is the third consecutive year in which the p
23、rice has hovered above $ 105 a barrel for crude oil produced by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. The U. S. benchmark for crude oil, West Texas Intermediate, has tumbled to about $ 95 a barrel, down from $ 110 a barrel in September, but that is still high by historic standards.
24、Some oil analysts note that prices would be even higher without the increase in U. S. production, which has helped offset oil disruptions in Libya, Iraq and Nigeria and sanctions on Iran. (此文选自 The Washington Post)Passage Two Imagine taking a university exam in your own home, under the watchful eye
25、of a webcam or with software profiling your keystrokes or your syntax to see whether it really is you answering the questions. Online university courses have become the Next Big Thing for higher education, particularly in the United States, where millions of students have signed up for courses from
26、some of the most upmarket universities. With spiralling costs and student loan debts crossing the trillion dollar barrier this year, the online university has been seen as a way of reaching many more people for much less money. But a major stumbling block has been how such digital courses are assess
27、ed. When students are at home how do you know whether they are cheating? How do you know the identity of the person answering the questions? For the online courses to gain value, they need a credible way of assessing students and an important part of that is preventing fraud. The Open University in
28、the U. K. has been a pioneer of distance learning. Its a common problem across the sectorhow do you know that the individual taking the exam is the right person? says Peter Taylor, chair of the Open Universitys academic conduct group. The students computer would be locked down so that it cant use ot
29、her materials. If youve got an appropriate webcamthat can provide you with effective invigilation. says Prof. Taylor. This still raises the question about how you know who is sitting the exam. There are various ways you can identify a person, says Prof. Taylor. One system we looked at meant that you
30、 had to type in a particular phraseand the rate and the particular way you type is effectively a signature of the individual. These are not distant-horizon ideasProf. Taylor says he would expect such technology to be in place within the next five years. He also says that there is no reason to think
31、more people would necessarily cheat online. EdX, an online university project set up earlier this year by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, wants to make more use of the exam hall rather than less. Students taking edX online courses will be able to sit their final exams in an in
32、ternational network of test centres, run by Pearson Vue. These will be formally supervised on-screen exams, using the edX website, and those who pass will receive a proctored certificate, showing it has been achieved in an invigilated setting. Such online testing techniques are going to have an impa
33、ct on the traditional university course too, he says. But this volume of testing depends on automated markingand will mean a limit on the range of subjects and type of questions that can be examined. A computer is going to struggle to mark an essay on irony. Thats the challenge for another of the mo
34、st significant online course providers, Coursera, set up by Stanford academics and backed by Silicon Valley investors. It has attracted students remarkably quickly1.6 million have signed up in the first year, taking courses from more than 30 top universities. When the University of Londons internati
35、onal section joined last month, 9,000 students signed up in the first 24 hours. But how can such large numbers of candidates be reliably marked? Courseras co-founder Daphne Koller says trying to find a way to assess so many students is part of the learning process. She says automatic marking can gen
36、erate a score or a grade, but students want human feedback. And there isnt any technology that can judge whether an essay has really connected with a question. The Open Universitys Prof. Taylor says their own experiments have shown that any software for assessing free-text answers requires a large a
37、mount of human intervention. Coursera has been experimenting with peer assessment, where students grade each others work, following guidelines set by the teacher. This allows for the marking capacity to grow with the class sizebut it also depends on the reliability of fellow students. These online c
38、ourses are also being discussed onlineand blogs from students refer to disagreements over marking. Martin Bean, vice chancellor of the Open University, said. There is no doubt that this is the web moment for higher education and a battle is shaping up for growing student numbers on global courses on
39、line. However this is a battle which will be about brands and the market ability of the providers but also, crucially, about quality of teaching and credibility. (此文选自 BBC)Passage Three Sixty-three years old and retired from a career as a welder, Jim Crawford doesnt have much use for the Internet. T
40、he only time he goes online is to read through the automotive listings in the office of a local online auction company. If he sees something he likes, he says, he asks his mechanic to bid on it for him. Crawford is far from alone: About 15 percent of Americans older than 18 dont use the Internet, ac
41、cording to a study released in September by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. An additional 9 percent use it only outside the home. They make up a shrinking, but not insignificant, segment of the population. And the gap between them and our increasingly digitized society is growing wider eve
42、ry day. There is a group of Americans being left behind as technology advances without them, Lawrence E. Strickling, head of the Commerce Departments National Telecommunications and Information Administration, told an audience at the Brookings Institution recently. These people are being left out ev
43、en as access to broadbandInternet service provided by cable, fiber, DSL and other high-speed networks, as opposed to the older, slower dial-up servicehas expanded dramatically in the past 20 years. Because of a national infrastructure upgrade that Strickling compares to the rural electrification eff
44、ort of the 1930s, well over 90 percent of U. S. households are either wired for high-speed broadband or can get high-speed wireless access. But actual adoption of that service lags behind availability: As of October 2012, the NTIA found that 72.9 percent of homes used broadband Internet service. Tha
45、ts remarkable growth from 2000, when only 4 percent of homes used broadband, but it still indicates a significant gap. So who are these Americans who remain disconnected from the online world? They are disproportionately older, says Kathryn Zickuhr, who wrote the Pew study. According to the survey,
46、which was done in May, 49 percent of non-Internet users are older than 65. They also are, in general, less educated. Although nearly everyone in the United States with a college degree is online, 41 percent of adults without a high school diploma are offline. The Pew survey asked these people why th
47、ey dont go online. Perhaps surprisingly, cost wasnt the most common answer. The most prevalent reason, given by 34 percent of offline respondents, was that the Internet is not relevant to them. A slightly smaller group, 32 percent, cited problems with using the technology: They said that getting onl
48、ine was difficult or frustrating, or that they were worried about issues such as privacy or hackers. Nineteen percent of non-users cited concerns about the expense of owning a computer or paying for an Internet connection. Most policymakers would disagree with that sense of irrelevance. They point out that people who arent online have a harder time accessing vital services such as Medicare and Medicaid or the new health-care exchanges created under President Obamas health-care law. They cant perform useful daily functions that most Americans take for granted, such
