1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷169及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Since its conception, the European Union has been a havenfor those seeking refuge of war, persecution and poverty in other 1parts of the world. But as the EU faces what Angela Merkel hasbe
2、en called its toughest hour since the second world war, the tables 2appear to be turning. A new stream of immigrants is leaving the 3continent. It threatens to become a torrent when the debt crisis 4continues to worsen. Tens of thousands of Portuguese, Greek and Irish people haveleft their homelands
3、 this year, many headed for the southern 5hemisphere. Anecdotal evidence points to same happening in 6Spain and Italy. This year, 2,500 Greek citizens have moved toAustralia and another 40,000 have expressed interests in moving 7south. Ireland s central statistics office has projected that 50,000peo
4、ple have left the republic by the end of the year, many for 8Australia and the US. Portugals foreign ministry reports that at least10,000 people have left to oil-rich Angola. On 31 October, 9there were 97,616 Portuguese people registered in the consulates in Luanda and Benguela, almost double the nu
5、mber in 2005. The Portuguese are also heading to other former colonies, such as Mozambique and Brazil. According to Brazilian government figures, the number of foreigners legally living in Brazil rose to 1.47 million in June, up more than 50% from 961,877 last December. Not all are Europeans, but th
6、e number of Portuguese alone have jumped from 276,000 in 2010 to nearly 330,000. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_While many companies are spending more money on sales promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what percentage of a firm s
7、overall promotional budget should beallocated to advertise versus consumer- and trade-oriented 1promotions. This relocation depends on a number of factors, 2including the specific promotional objectives of the campaign, the market and competitive situation, and the brands stage in its life cycle. Co
8、nsider, for example, what allocation of the promotional 3budget may vary according to a brands stage in the product life cycle. In the introductory stage, a large amount of the budget may be allocated to sales promotion techniques such as sampling andcouponing to induce trial. In the growth stage, m
9、oreover, 4promotional dollars may be used primarily for advertising to stressbrand differences and keep the brand name in competitors minds. 5When a brand moves to the maturity stage, advertising is primarilya reminder to keep consumers aware the brand. Consumer-oriented 6sales promotions such as co
10、upons, price-offs, premiums, and bonus packs may be needed periodically to maintain consumer loyalty, attract new users, and protect against competition.Trade-oriented promotions needed to maintain shelf space and 7accommodate retailers demands for better margins as long as 8encourage them to promot
11、e the brand. A study on the synergistic effects of advertising and promotion examined a brand in themature phase of its life cycle and has found that 80 percent of its 9sales at this stage was due to sales promotions. When a brand 10enters the decline stage of the product life cycle, most of the pro
12、motional support will probably be removed and expenditures on sales promotion are unlikely.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Cable TV has experienced tremendous growth as an advertising medium because it has some important advantages. Aprimary one is selectivity.
13、Cable subscribers tend to be younger,more fluent, and better educated than nonsubscribers and have 1greater purchasing power. Moreover, the specialized programmingon the various cable networks reaches very general target markets. 2 Many advertisers have turned to cable because of theopportunities it
14、 offers to narrowcasting, or reaching very 3specialized markets. For example, MTV is used by advertisers in the United States and many other countries to reach teenagers and young adults. CNBC is now the worldwide leader in business news and reaches a highly educated and rich audience. ESPN hasbecom
15、e synonymous as sports and is very popular among 4advertisers who want to target men of all ages. Advertisers are also interested in cable because of its low cost and flexibility. Advertising rates on cable programs are muchlower than that for the shows on the major networks. Advertising 5time on ne
16、twork shows can cost two to three times as much on acost-per-thousand basis of in some time periods. 25 Spot 6advertising is also considerately cheaper on most cable stations, 7while local cable is most affordable television advertising vehicle 8available. This makes TV a much more unviable media op
17、tion for 9smaller advertisers with limited budgets and those interested intargeting their commercials to a well-refined target audience. Also, 10cable advertisers generally do not have to make the large up-front commitments, which may be as much as a year in advance, the networks require.（分数：20.00）填
18、空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probablyno two people would draw up approximately similar lists, but I 1think the following would be generally accepted. Firstly, the teachers personality should be pleasant live and 2attra
19、ctive. This does not rule on people who are physically plain, 3or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but itdoes not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid, 4sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too,that it includes all of dull or purely
20、negative personality. 5 Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential for a teacher 6to have a genuine capacity for sympathyin the literacy meaning 7of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds a
21、nd feelings of children. Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind whichalways wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which one will 8never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the
22、teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can bestbe taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching to; 9andby far the most importantthe children, young people, oradults to those they are to be taught. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级
23、（改错）-试卷169答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Since its conception, the European Union has been a havenfor those seeking refuge of war, persecution and poverty in other 1parts of the world. But as the EU faces what Angela Merkel hasbeen c
24、alled its toughest hour since the second world war, the tables 2appear to be turning. A new stream of immigrants is leaving the 3continent. It threatens to become a torrent when the debt crisis 4continues to worsen. Tens of thousands of Portuguese, Greek and Irish people haveleft their homelands thi
25、s year, many headed for the southern 5hemisphere. Anecdotal evidence points to same happening in 6Spain and Italy. This year, 2,500 Greek citizens have moved toAustralia and another 40,000 have expressed interests in moving 7south. Ireland s central statistics office has projected that 50,000people
26、have left the republic by the end of the year, many for 8Australia and the US. Portugals foreign ministry reports that at least10,000 people have left to oil-rich Angola. On 31 October, 9there were 97,616 Portuguese people registered in the consulates in Luanda and Benguela, almost double the number
27、 in 2005. The Portuguese are also heading to other former colonies, such as Mozambique and Brazil. According to Brazilian government figures, the number of foreigners legally living in Brazil rose to 1.47 million in June, up more than 50% from 961,877 last December. Not all are Europeans, but the nu
28、mber of Portuguese alone have jumped from 276,000 in 2010 to nearly 330,000. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：offrom）填空项1:_（正确答案：been去掉been）填空项1:_（正确答案：immigrants一migrants）填空项1:_（正确答案：whenif）填空项1:_（正确答案：headed一heading）填空项1:_（正确答案：same一the）填空项1:_（正确答案：interests一interest）填空项1:_（正确答案：have一will）填空项1:_（正确答案：tofor
29、）填空项1:_（正确答案：have一has）解析：解析：语法错误。此句的主语是the number，是一个单数形式的名词，表示“的数量”故谓语动词也应该用单数形式，have应改为has。While many companies are spending more money on sales promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what percentage of a firm s overall promotional budget should beallocated to advertise v
30、ersus consumer- and trade-oriented 1promotions. This relocation depends on a number of factors, 2including the specific promotional objectives of the campaign, the market and competitive situation, and the brands stage in its life cycle. Consider, for example, what allocation of the promotional 3bud
31、get may vary according to a brands stage in the product life cycle. In the introductory stage, a large amount of the budget may be allocated to sales promotion techniques such as sampling andcouponing to induce trial. In the growth stage, moreover, 4promotional dollars may be used primarily for adve
32、rtising to stressbrand differences and keep the brand name in competitors minds. 5When a brand moves to the maturity stage, advertising is primarilya reminder to keep consumers aware the brand. Consumer-oriented 6sales promotions such as coupons, price-offs, premiums, and bonus packs may be needed p
33、eriodically to maintain consumer loyalty, attract new users, and protect against competition.Trade-oriented promotions needed to maintain shelf space and 7accommodate retailers demands for better margins as long as 8encourage them to promote the brand. A study on the synergistic effects of advertisi
34、ng and promotion examined a brand in themature phase of its life cycle and has found that 80 percent of its 9sales at this stage was due to sales promotions. When a brand 10enters the decline stage of the product life cycle, most of the promotional support will probably be removed and expenditures o
35、n sales promotion are unlikely.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：advertise一advertising）填空项1:_（正确答案：relocationallocation）填空项1:_（正确答案：whathow）填空项1:_（正确答案：moreover一however）填空项1:_（正确答案：competitors一consumers）填空项1:_（正确答案：aware一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：needed一are）填空项1:_（正确答案：long一well）填空项1:_（正确答案：has去掉has）填空项1:_（正确答案：was一were）解
36、析：解析：语法错误。此处考查的是主谓一致。百分比作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要视百分比后面所接的名词而定，此处名词是sales(销售量)应该用复数，再结合上下文的时态，即此处应该改为were。Cable TV has experienced tremendous growth as an advertising medium because it has some important advantages. Aprimary one is selectivity. Cable subscribers tend to be younger,more fluent, and better edu
37、cated than nonsubscribers and have 1greater purchasing power. Moreover, the specialized programmingon the various cable networks reaches very general target markets. 2 Many advertisers have turned to cable because of theopportunities it offers to narrowcasting, or reaching very 3specialized markets.
38、 For example, MTV is used by advertisers in the United States and many other countries to reach teenagers and young adults. CNBC is now the worldwide leader in business news and reaches a highly educated and rich audience. ESPN hasbecome synonymous as sports and is very popular among 4advertisers wh
39、o want to target men of all ages. Advertisers are also interested in cable because of its low cost and flexibility. Advertising rates on cable programs are muchlower than that for the shows on the major networks. Advertising 5time on network shows can cost two to three times as much on acost-per-tho
40、usand basis of in some time periods. 25 Spot 6advertising is also considerately cheaper on most cable stations, 7while local cable is most affordable television advertising vehicle 8available. This makes TV a much more unviable media option for 9smaller advertisers with limited budgets and those int
41、erested intargeting their commercials to a well-refined target audience. Also, 10cable advertisers generally do not have to make the large up-front commitments, which may be as much as a year in advance, the networks require.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：fluent-affluent）填空项1:_（正确答案：generalspecific）填空项1:_（正确
42、答案：to一for）填空项1:_（正确答案：as一with）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatthose）填空项1:_（正确答案：of一去掉of）填空项1:_（正确答案：considerately-considerably）填空项1:_（正确答案：most-the）填空项1:_（正确答案：unviable-viable）填空项1:_（正确答案：well-refined-well-defined）解析：解析：词汇错误。此处考查的是形近词的比较。well-refined意思为“精炼良好的”，well-defined意思为“明确的”。此处含义为把他们的商业目标设定在“明确的观众群体”上，而不是“精炼良
43、好的观众群体”，所以应该改为well-defined。这句话的意思是：对于那些预算有限的小广告商和希望将商业广告定位在明确的观众群体上的广告商来说，(有线)电视成为他们更可行的选择。What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probablyno two people would draw up approximately similar lists, but I 1think the following would be generally accepted. Firstly, the teachers personality sh
44、ould be pleasant live and 2attractive. This does not rule on people who are physically plain, 3or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but itdoes not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid, 4sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too,that it includes all of dull or purely negative personality. 5 Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential for a teacher 6to have a genuine capacity for sympathyin the
