1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷178及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend on learning specific academic content, the better they will lear
2、n it. Distinction is made between allocated time on task(the time that teachers allocate to particular instructional activities)and engaged time on task(the time that students actually spend engaged ininstruction). Because no consistent relation has been seen between 1allocated time on task and acad
3、emic achievement, research hasdemonstrated that engaged time on task is positive related to 2academic achievement. Strategies for maximizing engaged time on task have beenidentified and included effectively managing transitions, avoiding 3digressions and other irrelevant verbalizations, and manage 4
4、classroom behavior. Sometimes, teachers can improve student-engaged time on task by examining the amount of allocated time for class and monitoring their own teacher behaviors more closely. For example, teachers may find that they start classes 5 minutes late, end classes 5 minutes early, stop durin
5、g the middle of class to search for relevant instructionalmaterials, and stop to manage appropriate classroom behaviors. 5Once such target areas are identified, teachers can design strategiesto improve each area that will lead in increasing the amount of 6student-engaged time on task during classes.
6、 Effective teacher presentations have also been identified.Teachers minimize achievement when their presentations contain 7elements as structure of lesson, clarity of teacher presentation, 8redundancy in emphasizing important concepts, and enthusiasm.Structure includes listing students attention, pr
7、oviding a lesson 9overview that includes lesson objectives, providing outlines of thelesson and to indicating when transitional points occur, and 10summarizing and reviewing key points as the lesson proceeds.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The Internet provides
8、an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively a few restrictions governing access 1and usage, it is the communications modal equivalence of 2international waters. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. There has been much talk about the n
9、ew information age. But much is less widely reported has been the notion that the 3 Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragment of society 4 by alienating its individual users. At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction: how can something which is on the one 5 hand responsi
10、ble for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas alienate the participant? 6 I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a problem with the Internet. When I questioned about him further he said that he was addicted, and has forced 7himself to go off-
11、line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just possible for him. I have not 8known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he described his internet binges, when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to t
12、hink. Hesaid, the Internet isnt true, but I was spending all my time on 9line, so I just had to stop. He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of reality, and that it made him feel lonely and depressing. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_
13、填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_I was in northern Kenya, which is suffering through the worst drought to hit the Horn of Africa in 60 years. The toll of deprivation is everywhere. In the village of Kursin, emaciatedlivestock is collapsing in the middle of town; the local headmaster, 1Ismael Ali, told me the
14、yve had a problem with dead carcassesaround the school. Attendance has dropped sharply at the 2beginning of the year, as many families left with the parched 3region with their flocks, some even crossed into war-torn Somalia 4in search of food. The drought has been mounting for a year, but it wasnt u
15、ntil the crisis peaked over the summer that the news media and mostinternational donors took notice. Its a familiar cycle: first comes 5the news media pictures of emaciated infants, followed byconferences on how to do better next time, visitors from top-level 6government officials and large financia
16、l commitments from international organizations and even donors like China and the Ikea Foundation. The United States Agency for International Development and the Ad Council have even begun a celebrity public service campaign with the actors Uma Thurman and Josh Hartnett. This is good news; the assis
17、tance is badly needed. Yet themismatch in timing rises a question that bedevils aid agencies. 7Like earthquakes or hurricanes, droughts and food price increases 8take time to develop, and the resulting hunger crises are forecastwell in advance. From water harvest to livestock support to cash 9assist
18、ance, there are a plenty of steps that have moderated the 10current crisis. Why werent they taken?（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_If you were starting a top university today, what would it look like? You would start by gathering very best minds from 1around the
19、world, from every discipline. Since were living in anage of abundant, not scarcely, information, you d curate the 2lectures carefully, with a focus on the new and original, rather than offer a course on every possible topic. You d create a sustainable economic model by focusing on technological rath
20、erthan physical infrastructure, and by getting people of mean to 3pay for a specialized experience. You d also construct a robust network so people could access to resources whenever and from 4wherever they like, and you d give them the tools to collaboratebeyond the lecture hall. Why not fulfill th
21、e university 5millennium-old mission by sharing ideas freely and as widely as 6possible? If you did all that, well, youd have TED. Its faculty: A roster of speakers that run from Bill Clinton to 7J.J. Abrams, from Desmond Tutu to Isabel Allendeanyone whos driving change across the globe. Their topic
22、s range frombiophysics to graphic design, covering all what Roman 8playwright Terentius might have had on mind when he said, 9Nothing human is alien to me. The economic model? With attendance fees, advertising, and corporate sponsorships, TED ran an operating surplus of more than $2 million last yea
23、r, whichwas reinvested into expanding its reach. Thats because like 10fearful old-school colleges, TED is finding that the more open it is, the more it becomes the global education brand of the 21st century.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷178答案解析 (总
24、分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend on learning specific academic content, the better they will learn it. Distinction is
25、made between allocated time on task(the time that teachers allocate to particular instructional activities)and engaged time on task(the time that students actually spend engaged ininstruction). Because no consistent relation has been seen between 1allocated time on task and academic achievement, res
26、earch hasdemonstrated that engaged time on task is positive related to 2academic achievement. Strategies for maximizing engaged time on task have beenidentified and included effectively managing transitions, avoiding 3digressions and other irrelevant verbalizations, and manage 4classroom behavior. S
27、ometimes, teachers can improve student-engaged time on task by examining the amount of allocated time for class and monitoring their own teacher behaviors more closely. For example, teachers may find that they start classes 5 minutes late, end classes 5 minutes early, stop during the middle of class
28、 to search for relevant instructionalmaterials, and stop to manage appropriate classroom behaviors. 5Once such target areas are identified, teachers can design strategiesto improve each area that will lead in increasing the amount of 6student-engaged time on task during classes. Effective teacher pr
29、esentations have also been identified.Teachers minimize achievement when their presentations contain 7elements as structure of lesson, clarity of teacher presentation, 8redundancy in emphasizing important concepts, and enthusiasm.Structure includes listing students attention, providing a lesson 9ove
30、rview that includes lesson objectives, providing outlines of thelesson and to indicating when transitional points occur, and 10summarizing and reviewing key points as the lesson proceeds.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：BecauseAlthoughThough）填空项1:_（正确答案：positivepositively）填空项1:_（正确答案：includedinclude）填空项1:_（正确答
31、案：managemanaging）填空项1:_（正确答案：appropriate一inappropriate）填空项1:_（正确答案：lead一result或into）填空项1:_（正确答案：minimize一maximize）填空项1:_（正确答案：as一such）填空项1:_（正确答案：listing一enlisting）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一去掉to）解析：解析：语法错误。此处分词短语indicating还是和前面的enlisting，providing(a lesson)以及providing(outlines)并列作句子谓语(Structure)includes的宾语，由并列
32、连词and连接。所以此处的indicating要和前面的形式保持一致，应删去多余的to。The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively a few restrictions governing access 1and usage, it is the communications modal equivalence of 2international waters. However I am also troubled by the possible unin
33、tended negative consequences. There has been much talk about the new information age. But much is less widely reported has been the notion that the 3 Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragment of society 4 by alienating its individual users. At first this might sound like an apparent co
34、ntradiction: how can something which is on the one 5 hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas alienate the participant? 6 I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a problem with the Internet. When I questioned about him furthe
35、r he said that he was addicted, and has forced 7himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was just possible for him. I have not 8known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he described his internet binges, when he would sp
36、end over twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to think. Hesaid, the Internet isnt true, but I was spending all my time on 9line, so I just had to stop. He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of reality, and that it made him feel lonel
37、y and depressing. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：a一）填空项1:_（正确答案：equivalence一equivalent）填空项1:_（正确答案：is一）填空项1:_（正确答案：fragmentfragmentation）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）填空项1:_（正确答案：participant一participants）填空项1:_（正确答案：about一去掉about）填空项1:_（正确答案：possible一not或possible一impossible）填空项1:_（正确答案：truereal）填空项1:_（正确答案：depress
38、ing一depressed）解析：解析：词汇错误。depressing意为“令人失望的”，用于修饰事物；depressed意为“失望的”，用于修饰人，此处depressing逻辑上的主语为him(he)，所以应该用过去分词形式。I was in northern Kenya, which is suffering through the worst drought to hit the Horn of Africa in 60 years. The toll of deprivation is everywhere. In the village of Kursin, emaciatedliv
39、estock is collapsing in the middle of town; the local headmaster, 1Ismael Ali, told me theyve had a problem with dead carcassesaround the school. Attendance has dropped sharply at the 2beginning of the year, as many families left with the parched 3region with their flocks, some even crossed into war
40、-torn Somalia 4in search of food. The drought has been mounting for a year, but it wasnt until the crisis peaked over the summer that the news media and mostinternational donors took notice. Its a familiar cycle: first comes 5the news media pictures of emaciated infants, followed byconferences on ho
41、w to do better next time, visitors from top-level 6government officials and large financial commitments from international organizations and even donors like China and the Ikea Foundation. The United States Agency for International Development and the Ad Council have even begun a celebrity public se
42、rvice campaign with the actors Uma Thurman and Josh Hartnett. This is good news; the assistance is badly needed. Yet themismatch in timing rises a question that bedevils aid agencies. 7Like earthquakes or hurricanes, droughts and food price increases 8take time to develop, and the resulting hunger c
43、rises are forecastwell in advance. From water harvest to livestock support to cash 9assistance, there are a plenty of steps that have moderated the 10current crisis. Why werent they taken?（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：isare）填空项1:_（正确答案：at一since）填空项1:_（正确答案：with一去掉with）填空项1:_（正确答案：some一and或crossed一crossing）填
44、空项1:_（正确答案：comescome）填空项1:_（正确答案：visitors一visits）填空项1:_（正确答案：rises一raises）填空项1:_（正确答案：Like一Unlike）填空项1:_（正确答案：harvestharvesting）填空项1:_（正确答案：havecould）解析：解析：语法错误。从后面的反问句可以推断那些缓解灾难的措施并没有被采用，所以此处应使用虚拟语气，表达一种遗憾的语气：我们本来可以采取一些措施来缓解目前的灾难。用could+have done来表示“本来可以做而没做”。If you were starting a top university today, what would it look like? You would start by gathering very best minds from 1around the world, from every discipline. Since were living in anag
