1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷171及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficien
2、t only with a narrow range around 37; a departure 1of a few degrees from this value serious impairs their functioning. 2Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integratedactions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wide 3tolerance for changes of bodily temperature. For c
3、entury it has been recognized that mammals and birds 4differ other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. 5Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurateand meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects an 6old division into warm-blooded and cold-blooded s
4、pecies; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was adequate. A 7cold-blooded fence lizard usually has a body temperature only adegree or two below those of humans and s
5、o is not cold. Therefore 8the next distinction was taken between animals that maintain a 9constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, calledpoikilotherms. But this classification was also proved inadequate, 10because among mammals t
6、here are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean, and their body temperatures remain constant.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
7、1:_The days when journalism was limited to obtaining press briefings and writing first hand account of happenings in the 1surrounding world are definitely over. Also over is the simplistic interview journalism you published question answers from 2interviews with dignity. Your well-researched article
8、s, picking 3facts and figures from scores of reports, publications, papers etc. is also a done thing now. If you are privy to information that others 4do not have your chances of becoming a successful journalist are poor. There was a time that journalists and media did not indulge in 5expressing opi
9、nions connected with the news stories. They would simply put the facts before the people and let people to arrive at 6their own conclusions. This is true no more. Now apart from bringing breaking news, the media openly engages itself in expressing views and opinions neither for or against it. In rec
10、ent 7times, they not only exposed various scandals but also made the 8public feel strongly about it. Even public opinion building by the media was acceptable but now it has crossed over to yet other domain, in finding out to what extent a given person was guilty of misconduct and the kind of punishm
11、ent he/she deserved. So before any law enforcing agencyor court of law comes to some decision in a given case, the media 9is ready with its conclusions. This role of media is pestering many including the government and the other day the prime minister had to say that media was now functioning all of
12、 one as accuser, 10prosecutor and judge.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The word freedom for many black Americans is inextricably linked with the word slavery. While it has 148 years 1since the Emancipation Proclamation, and 47 years since the landmark Civil Rig
13、hts Act, for many, the words of Martin LutherKing in his famous speech still ring real: The Negro lives on a 2lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Many black Americans still find themselves spiritually and economically slaved on the figurative 21st-century pl
14、antation. 3 Why is that still so? After all, for the last 47 years, our leaders have passed on bill after bill ostensibly to free black Americans 4from the manacles of poverty and provide ever-stronger safety netsfor those disadvantaged. Because two very formidable forces have 5conspired over these
15、last 47 yearsalmost the span of mycomplete lifeto shackle the economic freedoms and aspirations 6of the black community: liberal progressive policies, generally supported by Democrats, and the socialist ideology espoused by prominent blacks as Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson. 7 This is always curious
16、to me that black Americans typically 8vote Democrat, when it was a Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, who issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, and a Republican from Ohio, Representative James Mitchell Ashley,who came forth the bill to support an amendment to end slavery 9throughout the
17、United States. Nearly 100 years late, when the 10initial Civil Rights Bill came before the full Senate in 1964, it was a group of 18 Southern Democrats who argued most fervently against its passage.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The nature of work is changing.
18、Recent technological advances, a shift from manufacturing to service-based organizations, increased global competition, and the importance of knowledge workers all have contributed to a dynamic and complex work environment. To survive, organizations must embrace flexibility and adaptability. They mu
19、st have a systems view thathelp them to integrate the meaning of common everyday 1occurrences into overall interrelationships, interdependencies, and patterns of change to allow them to achieve this neededadaptability. Very often, organizations accompany these goals 2through the implementation of te
20、ams. A team is a collective of dependent individuals who together 3have shared objectives, mental models, and procedures that guide their perceptions, thinking, and behaviors toward a common goal.The process which teams achieve this commonality is called 4collaboration. Dissimilarly, cooperation has
21、 been discussed as a 5team skill competency that includes offering help to those team members who need it, pacing activities to fit the needs of the team, and behaving so that actions are not misinterpreted. Collectiveorganizations immerse themselves to the virtues of collaboration 6and cooperation
22、by reducing the hierarchy of social stratificationon which traditional bureaucratic organizations rely. However, 7they encourage decisions to be made by the collective group to foster a sense of community and shared purpose. Cooperation and teamwork facilitate coordination, communication, adaptabili
23、ty,enhance employee participation, and empowerment, thereby 8allowing individuals to achieve collective outputs that are greater than the sum of their parts. Organizations continue to depend onteams and the synergy they engender to assist at streamlining work 9processes that promote efficiency, the
24、increased innovation, and 10quality of products and services.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷171答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of tem
25、perature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only with a narrow range around 37; a departure 1of a few degrees from this value serious impairs their functioning. 2Even though cells can survive wider fluctuation
26、s the integratedactions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wide 3tolerance for changes of bodily temperature. For century it has been recognized that mammals and birds 4differ other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. 5Ways of characterizing the difference have becom
27、e more accurateand meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects an 6old division into warm-blooded and cold-blooded species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this cla
28、ssification was adequate. A 7cold-blooded fence lizard usually has a body temperature only adegree or two below those of humans and so is not cold. Therefore 8the next distinction was taken between animals that maintain a 9constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose body temperatu
29、re varies with their environments, calledpoikilotherms. But this classification was also proved inadequate, 10because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the
30、 depths of the ocean, and their body temperatures remain constant.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：withwithin）填空项1:_（正确答案：serious一seriously）填空项1:_（正确答案：wide一wider）填空项1:_（正确答案：century一centuries）填空项1:_（正确答案：differ一from）填空项1:_（正确答案：anthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：adequateinadequate）填空项1:_（正确答案：those一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：taken一made
31、）填空项1:_（正确答案：was去掉was）解析：解析：词汇错误。prove在表示“证明是，原来是”这一意思时，通常用在prove to be这一结构中，其中to be可以省略。例如：The rumor proved(to be)true这谣传证明是真的。The days when journalism was limited to obtaining press briefings and writing first hand account of happenings in the 1surrounding world are definitely over. Also over is t
32、he simplistic interview journalism you published question answers from 2interviews with dignity. Your well-researched articles, picking 3facts and figures from scores of reports, publications, papers etc. is also a done thing now. If you are privy to information that others 4do not have your chances
33、 of becoming a successful journalist are poor. There was a time that journalists and media did not indulge in 5expressing opinions connected with the news stories. They would simply put the facts before the people and let people to arrive at 6their own conclusions. This is true no more. Now apart fr
34、om bringing breaking news, the media openly engages itself in expressing views and opinions neither for or against it. In recent 7times, they not only exposed various scandals but also made the 8public feel strongly about it. Even public opinion building by the media was acceptable but now it has cr
35、ossed over to yet other domain, in finding out to what extent a given person was guilty of misconduct and the kind of punishment he/she deserved. So before any law enforcing agencyor court of law comes to some decision in a given case, the media 9is ready with its conclusions. This role of media is
36、pestering many including the government and the other day the prime minister had to say that media was now functioning all of one as accuser, 10prosecutor and judge.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：firsta）填空项1:_（正确答案：youwhere）填空项1:_（正确答案：dignity一dignitaries）填空项1:_（正确答案：IfUnless）填空项1:_（正确答案：that一when）填空项1:_（正确答
37、案：to一去掉to）填空项1:_（正确答案：neither一either）填空项1:_（正确答案：theyit）填空项1:_（正确答案：some一any）填空项1:_（正确答案：ofin）解析：解析：词汇错误。all in one固定搭配，意为“合为一体”，此句表示“媒体已集多种职能于一体：原告、检举人和法官”，故此处应该用介词in。The word freedom for many black Americans is inextricably linked with the word slavery. While it has 148 years 1since the Emancipati
38、on Proclamation, and 47 years since the landmark Civil Rights Act, for many, the words of Martin LutherKing in his famous speech still ring real: The Negro lives on a 2lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Many black Americans still find themselves spiritually
39、 and economically slaved on the figurative 21st-century plantation. 3 Why is that still so? After all, for the last 47 years, our leaders have passed on bill after bill ostensibly to free black Americans 4from the manacles of poverty and provide ever-stronger safety netsfor those disadvantaged. Beca
40、use two very formidable forces have 5conspired over these last 47 yearsalmost the span of mycomplete lifeto shackle the economic freedoms and aspirations 6of the black community: liberal progressive policies, generally supported by Democrats, and the socialist ideology espoused by prominent blacks a
41、s Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson. 7 This is always curious to me that black Americans typically 8vote Democrat, when it was a Republican president, Abraham Lincoln, who issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, and a Republican from Ohio, Representative James Mitchell Ashley,who came forth the bi
42、ll to support an amendment to end slavery 9throughout the United States. Nearly 100 years late, when the 10initial Civil Rights Bill came before the full Senate in 1964, it was a group of 18 Southern Democrats who argued most fervently against its passage.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：has一been）填空项1:_（正确答案：r
43、eal一true）填空项1:_（正确答案：slaved一enslaved）填空项1:_（正确答案：on一去掉on）填空项1:_（正确答案：BecauseBut）填空项1:_（正确答案：complete一entirewhole）填空项1:_（正确答案：as一such）填空项1:_（正确答案：ThisIt）填空项1:_（正确答案：came一brought）填空项1:_（正确答案：late一later）解析：解析：词汇错误。late作副词表示“晚，迟”，later表示“以后”，此处的意思是“大约100年以后”，故应该用later，符合上下文语义。The nature of work is chang
44、ing. Recent technological advances, a shift from manufacturing to service-based organizations, increased global competition, and the importance of knowledge workers all have contributed to a dynamic and complex work environment. To survive, organizations must embrace flexibility and adaptability. They must have a systems view thathelp them to integrate the meaning of common everyday 1occurrences into overall interrelationships, interdependencies, and patterns of chan
