1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷158及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Some social scientists have claimed that divorce harms children for the rest of their lives leading them to form marriagesas happy as their parents. But other recent studies say marital 1b
2、reakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some 2children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own.In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew ResearchCenter study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the 3kids own marriages may benefit from the example of a p
3、arents second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow upin stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own 4biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct 5last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say they are very satisfied with t
4、heir family lives, the Pew studyshows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting 6from a parents positive bond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans whohave at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of 7obligation to their biological
5、 parent, child or sibling than their 8step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higherpercentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to 9provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in 10trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who was i
6、n trouble.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_People learn languages all the time, and for all kinds ofreasons. For example, you probably have various reasons to study 1English than your classmates. But have you ever thought aboutcreating entirely new language from
7、scratch? Theres been a boom 2in made-up languages recently, driving by the epic Lord of the 3Rings and other fantasy movies and books. The trend has alsofueled as more and more people venture online. There are 4websites, discussion boards, and chat rooms that teach how to build a language, others th
8、at share new languages, and some thatseek collaborators. Made-up languages arent restricted on Star 5Trek fans and Esperanto speakers. It spends time and determination to create a new language. A 6creator needs to do more than substitute existing words with invented ones. Theres rhythm and intonatio
9、n to considerhowdoes the language sound when spoken? If its invented for humans 7in a movie or book, how does biology change the sound? How does it represent the culture of the people who speak it? Then there are grammar rules, such as masculine and feminine nouns or verbs,word order, or the use of
10、irregular verbs. Even if a simple language 8can take years to develop. Yet the new languages dont have the same sticking power as real languages like English. As for the made-up languages oftoday, there are an infinite number of reason behind their creation. 9Some people do it as a hobby, another as
11、 a way to relax. Some just 10like the challenge.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified arelative threat to childrens health that isnt as easy to
12、get rid of: 1third-hand smoke. Thats the term being used to describe theinvisible yet toxic mixture of gas and particles clinging to 2smokers hair and clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, 3that linger long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. 4The reminder includes heavy metals
13、and radioactive materials that 5young children can get on their hands and ingest, especially if theyre crawling or playing on the floor. Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term third-hand smoke to describe these chemicals in a new study that focused on the risks they
14、 pose to infants andchildren. The study was published in latest issue of the journal 6Pediatrics. Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but they dont know about this, said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, theleaded author of the study and an assistant professor of 7pediatrics at Harvard Medical Sc
15、hool. When your kids are out of 8the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window andsmoke, and they think its okay so the second-hand smoke isnt 9getting to their kids, Dr. Winickoff continued. We needed a termto describe
16、these tobacco toxins that arent invisible. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Today women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelors degrees and more than half of masters and Ph.D.s. Many peoplebelieve that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it 1fores
17、hadows ill for their marital prospects. As Kate Bolick wrote in a much-discussed article in TheAtlantic last fall, American women face a radical shrinking pool 2of what are traditionally considered to be marriageable menthose who are better educated and earn more than they do.Educated women worry th
18、at they are scaring potential partners, 3and experts claim that those who do marry will end up withsatisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting 4that women with high earnings than their husbands do more 5housework to compensate for the threat to their mates egos. Is this really th
19、e fate facing with educated women: either no 6marriage at all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense. 7That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996,intelligence and education moved up to No. 5 on mens ranking of 8desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good cook and
20、 housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bottom of the 18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by2008, mens interest in a womans education had arisen to No. 4, 9just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional 10stability.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空
21、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷158答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Some social scientists have claimed that divorce harms children for the rest of their lives leading them to form marriagesas happy as their parent
22、s. But other recent studies say marital 1breakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some 2children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own.In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew ResearchCenter study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the 3kids own mar
23、riages may benefit from the example of a parents second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow upin stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own 4biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct 5last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-re
24、latives say they are very satisfied with their family lives, the Pew studyshows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting 6from a parents positive bond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans whohave at least one step-relative typically feel a stron
25、g sense of 7obligation to their biological parent, child or sibling than their 8step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higherpercentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to 9provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in 10trouble, compared with thos
26、e who would help a step-relative who was in trouble.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：happyunhappy）填空项1:_（正确答案：foster一fostering）填空项1:_（正确答案：whenif）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatthose）填空项1:_（正确答案：conductconducted）填空项1:_（正确答案：the(stepkids)一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：strong一stronger）填空项1:_（正确答案：than一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：correspondents一respond
27、ents）填空项1:_（正确答案：with-for）解析：解析：词汇错误。provide sthfor sb是常用表达表示“给某人提供某物”，注意应与provide sbwith sth区分开来，两种表达意思一致，但sth和sb位置不同，所用介词也不同，本题应该把with改成for。People learn languages all the time, and for all kinds ofreasons. For example, you probably have various reasons to study 1English than your classmates. But h
28、ave you ever thought aboutcreating entirely new language from scratch? Theres been a boom 2in made-up languages recently, driving by the epic Lord of the 3Rings and other fantasy movies and books. The trend has alsofueled as more and more people venture online. There are 4websites, discussion boards
29、, and chat rooms that teach how to build a language, others that share new languages, and some thatseek collaborators. Made-up languages arent restricted on Star 5Trek fans and Esperanto speakers. It spends time and determination to create a new language. A 6creator needs to do more than substitute
30、existing words with invented ones. Theres rhythm and intonation to considerhowdoes the language sound when spoken? If its invented for humans 7in a movie or book, how does biology change the sound? How does it represent the culture of the people who speak it? Then there are grammar rules, such as ma
31、sculine and feminine nouns or verbs,word order, or the use of irregular verbs. Even if a simple language 8can take years to develop. Yet the new languages dont have the same sticking power as real languages like English. As for the made-up languages oftoday, there are an infinite number of reason be
32、hind their creation. 9Some people do it as a hobby, another as a way to relax. Some just 10like the challenge.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：various一different）填空项1:_（正确答案：entirely一an）填空项1:_（正确答案：driving一driven）填空项1:_（正确答案：fueledbeen）填空项1:_（正确答案：on一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：spends-takes）填空项1:_（正确答案：humans-non-humans）填空项
33、1:_（正确答案：if一去掉if）填空项1:_（正确答案：reason-reasons）填空项1:_（正确答案：anotherothers）解析：解析：词汇错误。another指“(三个或三个以上中的)另一个”，常用于oneanother的句型中。而some常跟others连用，表示“一些而其他”。故将another改为others。Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified arelativ
34、e threat to childrens health that isnt as easy to get rid of: 1third-hand smoke. Thats the term being used to describe theinvisible yet toxic mixture of gas and particles clinging to 2smokers hair and clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, 3that linger long after second-hand smoke has cleared
35、 from a room. 4The reminder includes heavy metals and radioactive materials that 5young children can get on their hands and ingest, especially if theyre crawling or playing on the floor. Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term third-hand smoke to describe these chemi
36、cals in a new study that focused on the risks they pose to infants andchildren. The study was published in latest issue of the journal 6Pediatrics. Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but they dont know about this, said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, theleaded author of the study and an assist
37、ant professor of 7pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. When your kids are out of 8the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window andsmoke, and they think its okay so the second-hand smoke isnt 9getting to their kids, Dr.
38、 Winickoff continued. We needed a termto describe these tobacco toxins that arent invisible. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：relativerelated）填空项1:_（正确答案：gasgases）填空项1:_（正确答案：mentionto）填空项1:_（正确答案：lingerlingers）填空项1:_（正确答案：reminderremainder）填空项1:_（正确答案：latestthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：leadedlead）填空项1:_（正确答案：your一their）
39、填空项1:_（正确答案：so一because）填空项1:_（正确答案：invisiblevisible或arent一are）解析：解析：语篇错误。本句使用了双重否定，则原句表肯定的含义，即我们需要一个术语来描述这些看得见的香烟毒素。而这与第一段对“三手烟”的定义明显相悖，“所谓三手烟是指房间内的二手烟清除许久之后，仍残留在座垫、地毯或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物。”这些有毒气体本身是“看不见”的，所以本句在意思上应该表示否定。Today women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelors degrees and more than h
40、alf of masters and Ph.D.s. Many peoplebelieve that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it 1foreshadows ill for their marital prospects. As Kate Bolick wrote in a much-discussed article in TheAtlantic last fall, American women face a radical shrinking pool 2of what are traditionally con
41、sidered to be marriageable menthose who are better educated and earn more than they do.Educated women worry that they are scaring potential partners, 3and experts claim that those who do marry will end up withsatisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting 4that women with high earni
42、ngs than their husbands do more 5housework to compensate for the threat to their mates egos. Is this really the fate facing with educated women: either no 6marriage at all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense. 7That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996,intelligence and
43、 education moved up to No. 5 on mens ranking of 8desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good cook and housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bottom of the 18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by2008, mens interest in a womans education had arisen to No. 4, 9just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional 10stability.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：as(this)一whilethoughalthough）填空项1:_（正确答案：radicalradically）填空项1:_（正确答案：scaring一away）填空项1:_（正确答案：satisfactory一unsatisfactory）填空项1:_（正确答案：high一higher）填空项1:_（正确答案：with一去掉with）
