1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷203及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Developing a bad habit is easier than many might think. Youcan become addicted potentially anything you do, says Mark 1Griffiths, an addiction researcher at Nottingham Trent University inthe
2、 UK, because addictions rely in constant rewards. Indeed, 2although definitions of addiction vary, there is a body of evidencethat suggests drug addictions and non-drug habits should share the 3same neural pathways. While only a hardcore few can be considered true technology addicts, an entirely uns
3、cientific survey of the web,and of New Scientist staff, has revealed what prevalent techno- 4addictions may have become. The web at particular has opened up a host of opportunities for 5overindulgence. Take Wikipedia. Updating the entriessomething anyone can dohas become almost a way of life for som
4、e. Thereare more than 2,400 Wikipedians , which have edited more than 64,000 pages each. Its clearly like crack for some people, says Dan Closely at Cornell University in New York, who has studied how websites such as Wikipedia foster a community. To committedWikipedians, he says, the site is less t
5、han a useful information 7resource; its the embodiment of an ideology of free information for all. E-mail is another area where things can get out of the hand. 8While e-mail has led to a revival of the habit of penning short notesto friends and acquaintances, the ease with that we can do this 9means
6、 that we dont always think hard enough about where our casual comments could end up. This was the undoing of U. S. broadcaster Keith Olbermann, who earlier this year sent a privatee-mail which he described a fellow MSNBC reporter as dumber 10than a suitcase of rocks. Unfortunately for Olbermann, the
7、 words found their way into the New York Daily News.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_People in every workplace talk about organizational culture, the mysterious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers i
8、nterview aperspective employee, is to explore whether the candidate is a good 1cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally knowwhen you will have found an employee who appears to fit your 2culture. He just feels right. Culture is environment that surrounds you at work all of the
9、3time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But,culture is something which you cannot actually see, except through 4their physical manifestations in your work place. 5 In any ways, culture is like personality. In a person, t
10、he 6personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that create a persons behavior. Culture is made up of the values, beliefs, underlyingassumptions, attitudes, but behaviors shared by a group of people. 7Culture is the behavior t
11、hat results when a group arrives in a set of 8generally unspoken and unwrittenrules for working together. An organizations culture is made up of all of the lifeexperience each employee brings to the organization. Culture is 9especially influenced by the organizations founder, executives, andanother
12、managerial staff because of their role of decision-making and 10strategic direction.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that single sound of articulated speech
13、 is not, as such, a linguistic element at all. Forall that, speech is so inevitably bound up with sounds and its 1articulation that we can hardly avoid giving the subject of phonetics some general consideration. Experience has shown that neither thepurely formal aspects of a language or the course o
14、f its history can be 2fully understood without reference with the sounds in which this form 3and this history are embodied. The feeling that the average speaker has of his language is that it is built up, acoustically speaking, of acomparatively small number of distinctive sounds, each of which is 4
15、rather accurately provided for in the current alphabet by one letteror, in few cases, by two or more alternative letters. As for the 5languages of foreigners, he generally feels that, aside from a fewstriking differences that cannot escape even the critical ear, the 6sounds they use are the same as
16、those he is familiar with but that there is a mysterious accent to these foreign languages, acertainly unanalyzed phonetic character, apart from the sounds as 7such, that gives them their air of strangeness. This naive feeling islargely illusory on all scores. Phonetic analysis convinces one that 8a
17、 number of clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences 9of sounds that are habitually employed by the speakers of a languageis greater than they by themselves recognize. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷203答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LAN
18、GUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Developing a bad habit is easier than many might think. Youcan become addicted potentially anything you do, says Mark 1Griffiths, an addiction researcher at Nottingham Trent University inthe UK, because addictions rely in constant rew
19、ards. Indeed, 2although definitions of addiction vary, there is a body of evidencethat suggests drug addictions and non-drug habits should share the 3same neural pathways. While only a hardcore few can be considered true technology addicts, an entirely unscientific survey of the web,and of New Scien
20、tist staff, has revealed what prevalent techno- 4addictions may have become. The web at particular has opened up a host of opportunities for 5overindulgence. Take Wikipedia. Updating the entriessomething anyone can dohas become almost a way of life for some. Thereare more than 2,400 Wikipedians , wh
21、ich have edited more than 64,000 pages each. Its clearly like crack for some people, says Dan Closely at Cornell University in New York, who has studied how websites such as Wikipedia foster a community. To committedWikipedians, he says, the site is less than a useful information 7resource; its the
22、embodiment of an ideology of free information for all. E-mail is another area where things can get out of the hand. 8While e-mail has led to a revival of the habit of penning short notesto friends and acquaintances, the ease with that we can do this 9means that we dont always think hard enough about
23、 where our casual comments could end up. This was the undoing of U. S. broadcaster Keith Olbermann, who earlier this year sent a privatee-mail which he described a fellow MSNBC reporter as dumber 10than a suitcase of rocks. Unfortunately for Olbermann, the words found their way into the New York Dai
24、ly News.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：anythingto）填空项1:_（正确答案：inon）填空项1:_（正确答案：should去掉should）填空项1:_（正确答案：whathow）填空项1:_（正确答案：atin）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichwho）填空项1:_（正确答案：lessmore）填空项1:_（正确答案：the去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatwhich）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichin）解析：解析：介词缺失。which引导的定语从句修饰e-mail，意思是“在这个e-mail里”，因此关系代词which前面需要加介词in。Peop
25、le in every workplace talk about organizational culture, the mysterious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when employers interview aperspective employee, is to explore whether the candidate is a good 1cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, b
26、ut you generally knowwhen you will have found an employee who appears to fit your 2culture. He just feels right. Culture is environment that surrounds you at work all of the 3time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But,cu
27、lture is something which you cannot actually see, except through 4their physical manifestations in your work place. 5 In any ways, culture is like personality. In a person, the 6personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that
28、 create a persons behavior. Culture is made up of the values, beliefs, underlyingassumptions, attitudes, but behaviors shared by a group of people. 7Culture is the behavior that results when a group arrives in a set of 8generally unspoken and unwrittenrules for working together. An organizations cul
29、ture is made up of all of the lifeexperience each employee brings to the organization. Culture is 9especially influenced by the organizations founder, executives, andanother managerial staff because of their role of decision-making and 10strategic direction.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：perspectiveprospecti
30、ve）填空项1:_（正确答案：will一去掉will）填空项1:_（正确答案：environmentthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）填空项1:_（正确答案：theirits）填空项1:_（正确答案：anymany）填空项1:_（正确答案：butand）填空项1:_（正确答案：Inat）填空项1:_（正确答案：experienceexperiences）填空项1:_（正确答案：anotherother）解析：解析：代词误用。managerial staff的意思是“管理人员”，another的意思是“另一个”，而other的意思是“其他的”。根据句意，此处意思是“除了上文所述
31、的其他管理人员”，故将another改为other。We have seen that the mere phonetic framework of speech does not constitute the inner fact of language and that single sound of articulated speech is not, as such, a linguistic element at all. Forall that, speech is so inevitably bound up with sounds and its 1articulation t
32、hat we can hardly avoid giving the subject of phonetics some general consideration. Experience has shown that neither thepurely formal aspects of a language or the course of its history can be 2fully understood without reference with the sounds in which this form 3and this history are embodied. The
33、feeling that the average speaker has of his language is that it is built up, acoustically speaking, of acomparatively small number of distinctive sounds, each of which is 4rather accurately provided for in the current alphabet by one letteror, in few cases, by two or more alternative letters. As for
34、 the 5languages of foreigners, he generally feels that, aside from a fewstriking differences that cannot escape even the critical ear, the 6sounds they use are the same as those he is familiar with but that there is a mysterious accent to these foreign languages, acertainly unanalyzed phonetic chara
35、cter, apart from the sounds as 7such, that gives them their air of strangeness. This naive feeling islargely illusory on all scores. Phonetic analysis convinces one that 8a number of clearly distinguishable sounds and the tiny differences 9of sounds that are habitually employed by the speakers of a
36、languageis greater than they by themselves recognize. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：itstheir）填空项1:_（正确答案：ornor）填空项1:_（正确答案：withto）填空项1:_（正确答案：distinctive一distinct）填空项1:_（正确答案：fewa）填空项1:_（正确答案：criticaluncritical）填空项1:_（正确答案：certainlycertain）填空项1:_（正确答案：allboth）填空项1:_（正确答案：athe）填空项1:_（正确答案：by一去掉by）解析：解析：介词冗余。by themselves意为“独自”，但本句表达的意思是“他们自己所意识到的”。themselves位于they后面作同位语，前面无需加by。
