1、专业英语八级（作文）-试卷94及答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.PART V WRITING（分数：2.00）_2.Smoking bans in public places are becoming more and more common in many countries. Whether the rights of the non-smokers to breathe in fresh air outweigh those of the smokers to smoke freely is a matter of
2、opinion, manifesting itself in a heated smoking ban debate. In the following excerpt, the author states the effect of the smoking ban. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks wil
3、l be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The English smoking ban came into force on July 1, 2007. Smoking is banned in almost all enclosed public spaces, including pubs, restaur
4、ants and on public transport. Only places that are like homes or are specifically excluded by the health secretary are exempt from the ban. In essence, smoking is only allowed outdoors and in private homes. Posters must be displayed in all workplaces reminding people that smoking is illegal. Individ
5、uals who defy the ban face a 50 on-the-spot fine; businesses can be fined 200 for allowing smoking or not displaying the signs.There are many shocking things about the smoking banor, at least, they would be shocking if we were not inured to them. First, theres the fact that the flimsy evidence that
6、passive smoking causes any significant harm is taken seriously. According to figures from Action on Smoking and Health (ASH)Britains fundamentalist anti-smoking lobby groupthe incidence of lung cancer for non-smokers is about 10 cases per 100,000 people. Regular passive smoking (that is, living with
7、 a smoking partner, not just encountering one in bars or restaurants) increases that by about 25 percent12.5 cases per 100,000. So, even if these figures are correct, passive smoking causes 2. 5 cases of lung cancer per 100,000 of the population; to put it another way, these are odds of 40,000-to-on
8、e of potentially getting lung cancer from passive smoking. On the basis of these remote risks, a war against smokers has been built. The second shocking thing is that governments now believe it is their righteven dutyto decide what vices we engage in. In this, the UK is not alone. From Argentina to
9、Zambia, governments and local authorities have been queuing up to make it extremely difficult for people to indulge in filthy habits. Only this week, the Dutch joined the smoking ban club, exactly a year after Englands pubs and restaurants went smoke-free (or smokefree to use the single-word, Orwell
10、ian Newspeak preferred by the New Labour government). On the same day, patients in Englands mental institutions received the protection of the law, toothat is, they will from now on be protected from smoke by a super-killjoy ban on smoking even in hospitals for the mentally ill. Another shocking thi
11、ng is the way in which the people have been browbeaten into accepting this kind of state intervention. A quarter of the population is actively engaged, at some time or other, in the pastime of smoking; and most of the rest of the population was once happy to tolerate that pastime. Yet a noisy minori
12、ty, joining forces with governments that are increasingly keen to micromanage our most personal affairs and behaviour, has managed to criminalize a perfectly normal activity. This state of affairs has been accepted with barely a murmur of protest. The consequences for our everyday life have been pro
13、found. Smokers are now marked out as undesirables, shunted on to the street or to some other open area to partake in their evil habit. The simple business of socializing has been undermined: alcohol-fueled chatter is persistently interrupted by the disappearance of smokers to the nearest open space.
14、 Many people, particularly the elderly, for whom getting up and walking outside every time they want a cigarette is something of an ordeal, are visiting pubs less and less. There is something rather inhumane in the zealous anti-smoking crusade, where the health authorities and their cheerleaders see
15、m happy to make our life worse in the name of protecting us from harm. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：2.00）_3.In recent years, TV talent shows have burst onto our screens with a vengeance. With most showing ordinary members of the public competing for a large monetary prize, they are o
16、nly increasing in popularity. So, whats your opinion on the talent show? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organ
17、ization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. A point often brought up these days is that every young person wants to be famous just for fames sake. A generation is growing up in a society that embraces the status of celebrity, even when some c
18、elebrities actually do not appear to do anything much. With days gone by, celebrity status was achieved by being good at somethingand not just good, but one of the best in the game. Now, however, we have celebrities gracing the covers of magazines who do not actually seem to possess any particular t
19、alents at all. Take Big Brother contestants for example. Even though the fame might not be long lasting, for a period of time a certain percentage of the population wants to read about them. It is the era of the five-minute fame. Perhaps there is nothing wrong with languishing in your five-minute fa
20、me. If you have your head on the shoulders and your feet on the ground, then why not go for it? But is it a different story when young people put all their hopes and dreams into becoming famous, instead of focusing on a traditional career? It sounds silly, but if you actually watch the auditions of
21、many TV talent shows, there will always be contestants who admit that all they want in life is to be famous. Obviously, these are often the unsuccessful, but it gives us a glimpse into the psyche of some young people. Brought up on a diet of reality TV shows and celebrity magazines, many seem to hav
22、e lost both the ambition and the desire to work hard towards a credible goal. They think they can make it without the drive and determination, long hours and sacrifices. Its not all about those who audition, either. Thousands of impressionable young people are fixated on shows like these, and become
23、 convinced that this is the path to the good life. Rather than nurture an ambition to become a doctor, scientist, teacher, etc. , too many teens assumed that success can be reached by being noticed in a TV talent show. Most of these young people will never have a shot at making it, simply because th
24、ey do not possess the talent needed. Some seem to exist in a state of delusion, oblivious to the fact that they are just not up to the marks. The truth is that over 100,000 competitors may audition for a TV talent show, and only a handful of them will make the finals. Instant rejection may come as a
25、 short, sharp shockand even then, many declare they will not give up but return again the following year. Some even verbally attack the judges who put an end to their dreams, convincing the rejection is a gross misjudgment. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：2.00）_4.Violence in films has b
26、een a hot topic ever since the silent era, but its never going to go away. Some sections of the audience love a bit of vicarious blood and gore. But theres little doubt that excessive violent films dont come without bad consequences. This question has been debated for decades. The following are opin
27、ions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. F
28、ailure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Psychotherapists Stephannoi (the UK): Violent movies should be banned because you can compare violent scenes in the movie to real life. The more you see violent scenes, the more you get aggressive. And violent movies dont make peo
29、ple productive or smart. Onceaknight (Canada): Humans are affected by their surroundings. Its time to accept that we take influence from what we see and feel. A non-violent person can turn into a violent one with enough exposure to violent media. Simply saying that they have a choice doesnt solve th
30、e problem. Not all people are philosophers to tell the right from the wrong accurately, and if we allow them to become violent, other people will be put at harm.Parents Bandito (the US): Violent television shows should be banned because younger children are likely to be influenced and when they grow
31、 up they might think it is right to do something wrong because someone on a television show did it. Also sometimes in violent films there are a lot of gruesome sights which normal kids would think is disgusting. Xuedong (China): Violent films may need regulations regarding who should be allowed to w
32、atch them, and I do not feel that they should be banned. People always have a choice when it comes to what they decide to watch, and what they want their children to watch. The television can be turned off if I feel something is too violent for my children.Violent movie lovers Raton (Italy): If we b
33、an violent movies, then what will happen for the people who love violent movies? Imagining that many people would stop watching movies, there will be a great fall in the entertainment industry. Recent studies show that 70% of the people like to watch violent movies. Gooddog ( Singapore) : Banning vi
34、olent movies will lead to mass unemployment. Many stuntmen, junior artists, etc., will be unemployed and they will only have some petty leftover jobs which do not pay well. Many will fall to poverty. And the lack of teens and adults who like to watch these films will bring the entertainment industry
35、 to a downfall due to the bad economic conditions. Hence, violent movies should not be banned. Waitonesec (the US): Violent films should not be banned. There should, however, be regulations in more detail to the audience before they watch the movie. For instance, the violent movie need to clearly sh
36、ow the audience what some of those violent scenes are, so as to persuade people to watch the movie or not. PPsally (the UK): People should have the right to watch whatever they want. Horror slashers are so funny that they get us into the spirit of Halloween. Action and shooting movies are exiting an
37、d thrilling which keep life more interesting. I love those movies, so do others. Thus, they should not be banned. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.（分数：2.00）_5.Smog has been a national fixation of China. The government has declared war on air pollution. However, economic growth means more pro
38、duction and consumption of energy, which means more emission of gases related to the pollution. What measures should be taken to improve the air quality is under heated discussion. The following is a report about the cost of clean air. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300
39、words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the news report; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The Cost of Clean Air Measures to comba
40、t air pollution are biting hard in industrial areas already hit by an economic slowdown. Last year on a typically smoggy day in Beijing, Chinese government declared war on air pollutiona problem that has become a national fixation. Smog remains a grave danger in most Chinese cities, but environmenta
41、l measures are beginning to show teeth. Regulators in the most polluted provinces are ordering mass closures of offending enterprises. In some areas officials are being punished for failing to control pollution. Policymakers are placing less emphasis on GDP growthlong an obsession of officials at al
42、l levels of governmentand talking up greenness. The transformation will be painful. Chinas new toughness on polluting quarries, mills and factories coincides with an economic slowdown that will make it harder to create new jobs for those laid off. Slower growth is in line with the governments effort
43、s to curb wasteful investment, and with it a dangerous buildup of debt. The slowdown also happens to be helpful in curtailing pollution; Chinas consumption of coal, a huge contributor to smog as well as to climate-change emissions, fell slightly in 2014 after 14 years of growth. The war is especiall
44、y bloody in Hebei, which is blamed for much of the smog in Beijing. Keeping the air of the capital clean is a political priority. Dutifully, Hebei, which surrounds Beijing, has been trying to clean up. Since the beginning of 2013 it has reported closing down 18,000 polluting factories. In January He
45、bei Daily, a state-run newspaper, said that in Mancheng county, to which Shijing township belongs, 37 rock quarries and rubble pits had been shut. Hebeis economy has suffered. Until 2014 real GDP growth in the province had outpaced national GDP growth for all but one year since 2000. But as Chinas G
46、DP growth slowed from 7.7% in 2013 to 7.4% last year, Hebeis fell much more sharply, from 8.2% to 6. 5% , according to official figures. The slowdown in Hebeis industrial sector last year was particularly severe, from 10% growth in 2013 to just 5.1% last year, compared with a much gentler decline na
47、tionwide from 9.7% to 8. 3%. The closures may be having some effect. The environmental ministry reported that in the region encompassing Beijing, Hebei and the city of Tianjin the average level in the air of PM2. 5 , the smallest measured particles which are most harmful to health, was 93 micrograms
48、 per cubic metre last year, down from 106 in 2013. In Beijing itself the level dropped by 4%, to 85. 9 micrograms per cubic metre. A daily level above 35 micrograms per cubic metre is considered unsafe. Beijings is sometimes above 500. Farther from Beijing, in places where the anxieties of leaders in the capital are felt less keenly, some officials have been trying to shift attention away from the polluting industries that keep people in work. In No
