1、专业英语八级听力-15及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、TEST 1(总题数：1，分数：33.00)Migration and BusinessMigrationMapsharp lines divide up the worldReal worldno (1) between landsTwo changes of diasporasAThey become much biggerBBecause of cheap flights and communications, people can (2) with the places they came fromReas
2、ons: three (3) 1. they speed the flow of information across borders2. they foster trust3. they help people (4) each otherMigration and (5) AImmigrants account for an eighth of Americas population but a quarter of (6) firms between 1995 and 2005 were started by an immigrant.BExile itself has the effe
3、ct In an experiment, (7) of the migrants saw the solution against 42% of non-migrants.CDiaspora is help (8) to collaborateexample:Godrej worked on a fridge for (9) . Hyperconnectivity, (10) to todays networked diasporasMigrants are connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately
4、to their communities of origin.（分数：33.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、TEST 2(总题数：1，分数：33.00)Web ChatToday, well talk about a new way of communication online-web chat.Participants in chat sessionsAin the past: (1) to America Online and other commercial online services
5、Bnow: hundreds of websites provide web chatDefinition of web chatAthe word chat is misleadingBchat means typing and reading (2) Ways to enter a web chat roomAchoose to just read the exchanges without participating in the chat by (3) Bjoin in by posting your own messagesContent of chat sessionsAmany
6、chat rooms focus on specific topicsBchat sessions can lead to stimulating exchangesCsome chat sessions might be considered (4) Dsome chat rooms are adult in natureProcedure of preparation for a web chatAlocate a (5) that interests youBregister: use real names or make up a nameCbe aware: some persona
7、lities are (6) Dselect an image to represent you, known as avatarse. take a few minutes to get the (7) of the exchangef. type your message in the blank box at the bottom of your screen and click the Talk button or hit the Enter or Return key on your keyboardTips for web chatAuse (8) and abbreviation
8、s to minimize the amount of typingBhave (9) conversations by clicking on the name of a participantCbe (10) and use common sense: dont give out personal information to strangers Conclusion: its advisable to start web chat（分数：33.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_三、TEST 3(总
9、题数：1，分数：34.00)Computer LiteracyToday well discuss computer literacy.Common ways of (1) will be changed.AE-mail will replace mail delivery.BBills and pay checks will be delivered in the (2) version.CGreeting cards will be sent from computers.DShopping mails will be cyber malls.Our homes will be run b
10、y computers.AComputers will adjust the temperature.B (3) will be linked to the computer.CLight fixtures will adjust to the right level of light.The way of business will be entirely changed.ABusiness will be conducted via interactive (4) BDocuments and files will be stored on computer hard drivesCMan
11、y workers will work (5) via the computerDOn-board computer will guide directionsThe (6) will also join the computer ageAEvery student will have access to a computerBText books will be on disksCStudents will have access to reference materials via the computerDStudents turn in the (7) of their homewor
12、kE (8) will be given at the end of tests via computerFSome classes will be conducted by interactive teleconferencesOur (9) will also be affected by the use of computersAThe home communication system and TV-service will be integrated into one systemBNewspapers and magazines will be read (10) Conclusi
13、on: In the future people will need to acquire computer literacy to become productive（分数：34.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级听力-15答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、TEST 1(总题数：1，分数：33.00)Migration and BusinessMigrationMapsharp lines divide up the worldReal worldno (1) bet
14、ween landsTwo changes of diasporasAThey become much biggerBBecause of cheap flights and communications, people can (2) with the places they came fromReasons: three (3) 1. they speed the flow of information across borders2. they foster trust3. they help people (4) each otherMigration and (5) AImmigra
15、nts account for an eighth of Americas population but a quarter of (6) firms between 1995 and 2005 were started by an immigrant.BExile itself has the effect In an experiment, (7) of the migrants saw the solution against 42% of non-migrants.CDiaspora is help (8) to collaborateexample:Godrej worked on
16、a fridge for (9) . Hyperconnectivity, (10) to todays networked diasporasMigrants are connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately to their communities of origin.（分数：33.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：borders/boundaries/demarcation）解析：听力原文Migration and BusinessToday, well talk about migration,
17、diasporas and business.In the flat world map, sharp lines show where one country ends and another begins. The real world is more fluid. Peoples do not have borders the way that parcels of land do. They migrate.Consider the difference between China and the Chinese people, one is an enormous country i
18、n Asia, the other is a nation that spans the planet. More Chinese people live outside mainland China than French people live in France, with some to be found in almost every country. Then there are some 22 million ethnic Indians scattered across every continent. Hundreds of smaller diasporas knit to
19、gether far-flung lands: the Lebanese in west Africa and Latin America, the Japanese in Brazil and Peru, the smiling Mormons who knock on your door wherever you live.Diaspora have been a part of the world for millennia. Today two changes are making them matter much more. First, they are far bigger th
20、an they were. The world has some 215 million first-generation migrants, 40% more than in 1990. If migrants were a nation, they would be the worlds fifth-largest.Second, thanks to cheap flights and communications, people can now stay in touch with the places they came from. A century ago, a migrant m
21、ight board a ship, sail to America and never see his friends or family again. Today, he texts his mother while still waiting to clear customs. He can wire his money in minutes. He can follow news from his hometown on his laptop. He can fly home regularly to visit relatives or invest his earnings in
22、a new business.Such migrants do not merely benefit from all the new channels for communication that technology provides; they allow this technology to come into its own, fulfilling its potential to link the world together in a way that it never could if everyone stayed put behind the lines on maps.
23、No other social networks offer the same global reach or commercial opportunity.This is because the diaspora networks have three lucrative virtues. First, they speed the flow of information across borders: a Chinese businessman in South Africa who sees a demand for plastic vuvuzelas will quickly info
24、rm his cousin who runs a factory in China.Second, they foster trust. That Chinese factory-owner will believe what his cousin tells him, and act on it fast, perhaps sealing a deal worth millions with a single conversation on Skype.Third, and most important, diasporas create connections that help peop
25、le with good ideas collaborate with each other, both within and across ethnicities.Then, theres the relationship between migration and creativity.Immigrants are only an eighth of Americas population, but a quarter of the engineering and technology firms started there between 1995 and 2005 had an imm
26、igrant founder, according to Vivek Wadhwa of Duke University.The exceptional creativity of immigrants doubtless reflects the sort of people who up sticks and get visas. But work by William Maddux of INSEAD and Adam Galinsky of Northwestern University suggests that exile itself makes people creative.
27、They compared MBA students who had lived abroad with otherwise similar students who had not, using an experiment in which each was given a candle, a box of matches and a box of drawing pins. The students task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it burned properly and did not drip wax on the t
28、able or the floor. This Duncker candle problem, as it is known, is considered a good test of creativity because it requires you to imagine something being used for a purpose quite different from its usual one. Some 60 % of the migrants saw the solution against 42 % of non-migrants.The creativity of
29、migrants is enhanced by their ability to enroll collaborators both far-off and nearby. In Silicon Valley, more than half of Chinese and Indian scientists and engineers share tips about technology or business opportunities with people in their home countries, according to AnnaLee Saxenian of the Univ
30、ersity of California, Berkeley. A study by the Kauffman Foundation, a think tank, found that 84% of returning Indian entrepreneurs maintain at least monthly contact with family and friends in America, and 66 % are in contact at least that often with former colleagues. For entrepreneurs who return to
31、 China, the figures are 81% and 55 %.Diaspora tries to get businesses to collaborate. What may be the worlds cheapest fridge was conceived from a marriage of ideas generated by Indians in India and Indians overseas. Uttam Ghoshal, Himanshu Pokharna and Ayan Guha, three Indian- American engineers, ha
32、d an idea for a cooling engine, based on technology used to cool laptop computers, that they thought might work in a fridge. In India visiting relatives they decided to show their idea to Godrej Boyce, an Indian manufacturing firm.Mr. Pokharna wheedled an introduction from a young member of the Godr
33、ej family, exploiting the fact that both had been at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton business school. They discovered that Godrej was already working on a cheap fridge for rural Indians too poor to fork out the 200 normally required, let alone the subsequent electric bills.Jamshyd Godrej, th
34、e firms chairman, was determined to make a cheap batterypowered fridge. With the help of Mr. Ghoshals cooling chip, his team produced the little cool light, portable, small and cheap. Mr. Ghoshals firm in Texas, Sheetak Inc, is working with Godrej to make it more efficient.The new type of hyperconne
35、ctivity that enables such projects is fundamental to todays networked diasporas. Migrants are now connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately to their communities of origin. This is a fundamental and profound break from the past eras of migration. The break explains why diasp
36、oras, always marginalized in the flat-map world of national territories, find themselves in the thick of things as the world becomes networked.Weve talked about the changes of diasporas, why diaspora networks are effective and how migrations can help business. Any questions?细节题。作者一开始将真实世界与地图作比较，地图上有
37、明确的分界线，而现实世界人们不停迁徙，没有界限。从而引出主题。填空项1:_（正确答案：stay in touch/remain in touch）解析：要点题。以前人们移居后就和家人断绝了联系，而现在交通工具和通讯手段格外发达，人们也能和家乡保持联系。注意此处介词with，因此用原文的stay in touch。填空项1:_（正确答案：lucrative virtues/values/strong points）解析：要点题。聚居区有三大优点，这里不写修饰语lucrative也可以。填空项1:_（正确答案：collaborate with/cooperate with）解析：要点题。三个好处中
38、的最后一个是促进人们之间的合作。填空项1:_（正确答案：creativity）解析：要点题。从“Then, theres the relationship between migration and creativity”一句便可知答案，如果没听清，还可从后面多处得知。填空项1:_（正确答案：engineering and technology）解析：细节题。为说明移民创业率较高，举了美国的例子。虽然他们只占人口八分之一，但工程科技公司却有四分之一都是移民创始的。填空项1:_（正确答案：60%/two-thirds）解析：细节题。这个例子也是为了说明移民创业率高。填空项1:_（正确答案：bus
39、inesses）解析：要点题。移民不仅是个人与个人间的合作，更是商业间的合作，孕育着商机。填空项1:_（正确答案：poor Indians）解析：细节题。正是因为几个工程师是印度人，所以在探亲时才会发现问题，找到商机。他们造出了可称为世界上最便宜的冰箱，为的自然是印度穷人。填空项1:_（正确答案：fundamental/essential）解析：要点题。最后作者总结，超乎平常的关联性至关重要。二、TEST 2(总题数：1，分数：33.00)Web ChatToday, well talk about a new way of communication online-web chat.Part
40、icipants in chat sessionsAin the past: (1) to America Online and other commercial online servicesBnow: hundreds of websites provide web chatDefinition of web chatAthe word chat is misleadingBchat means typing and reading (2) Ways to enter a web chat roomAchoose to just read the exchanges without par
41、ticipating in the chat by (3) Bjoin in by posting your own messagesContent of chat sessionsAmany chat rooms focus on specific topicsBchat sessions can lead to stimulating exchangesCsome chat sessions might be considered (4) Dsome chat rooms are adult in natureProcedure of preparation for a web chatA
42、locate a (5) that interests youBregister: use real names or make up a nameCbe aware: some personalities are (6) Dselect an image to represent you, known as avatarse. take a few minutes to get the (7) of the exchangef. type your message in the blank box at the bottom of your screen and click the Talk
43、 button or hit the Enter or Return key on your keyboardTips for web chatAuse (8) and abbreviations to minimize the amount of typingBhave (9) conversations by clicking on the name of a participantCbe (10) and use common sense: dont give out personal information to strangers Conclusion: its advisable
44、to start web chat（分数：33.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：subscribers）解析：听力原文Web ChatGood morning，everyone. Today, we are going to talk about a new way of communication online. That is web chat. Would you like to join a virtual party without leaving the comfort of your desktop? With web chat you can communicate in rea
45、l time with people all around the world. In most cases, you dont need any special software, just your web browser. For the best results, however, we recommend that you use recent versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer and latest releases of other advanced netsurfing softwares.First of all, for many years, subscribers to America Online and other commercial online services were able to participate in chat sessions. Now its possible to join chats offered by hundreds of website
